Santa Maria Homeowners Association, Inc. v. Classic Properties Management Corp. and Santa Maria Interest, LLC ( 2022 )

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION
STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL
FIRST CIRCUIT
2022 CA 0086
ANTA MARIA HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION, INC.
VERSUS
W CLASSIC PROPERTIES MANAGEMENT CORP. and
SANTA MARIA INTEREST, LLC
Judgment Rendered: NOV 1 6 2022
On Appeal from the 19th Judicial District Court
In and for the Parish of East Baton Rouge
State of Louisiana
Trial Court No. 694794
Honorable Ronald Johnson, Judge Presiding
Shelton Dennis Blunt Attorneys for Plaintiff/Appellee,
Brittany Holt Alexander Santa Maria Homeowners
Baton Rouge, Louisiana Association, Inc.
and
Jennifer R. Buckingham
Richard G Duplantier, Jr.
Henry M. Weber
New Orleans, Louisiana
Bailey D. Morse Attorneys for Defendants/ Appellants,
Andrew J. Walker Classic Properties Management
Covington, Louisiana Corp. and Santa Maria Interest, LLC
BEFORE: WELCH, PENZATO, AND LANIER, JJ.
PENZATO, J.
Appellants, Classic Properties Management Corp. and Santa Maria Interest,
LLC, appeal a judgment denying their motion for summary judgment and granting
a motion for summary judgment filed by the Santa Maria Homeowners
Association, Inc. For the reasons that follow, we affirm in part, reverse in part,
render, and remand.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Santa Maria Interest, LLC ( the " developer") was the original developer of
the Highlands of Santa Maria Subdivision (" the Highlands"), located in East Baton
Rouge Parish, Louisiana. The developer established building restrictions in a
document entitled " Declaration of Restrictions" ( the " Restrictions"), dated October
22, 2003.' The Restrictions provided for a homeowners association, the Santa
Maria Homeowners Association ( the " Association"). Section 5. 2 of the
Restrictions provided that the Association had two classes of voting membership.
Each lot owner was a Class A member of the Association; the developer was the
owner of 2, 000 Class B memberships. Section 5. 2 further stated that each Class B
membership would lapse and become a nullity upon the occurrence of one of the
following events: ( i) January 1, 2020; or (ii) surrender of the Class B memberships
by the then holders for cancellation on the books of the Association. Section 13. 3
of the Restrictions provided for amendment of the Restrictions as follows:
During the period Developer' has a Class B membership in the
Association, the Developer reserves the right to amend this
Declaration one or more times, to add additional lots to the
Subdivision and to impose on the lots the building and use
restrictions, conditions, liens and servitudes contained in this
Declaration or any other building and use restrictions, conditions,
The Restrictions were filed and recorded with the Clerk of Court for East Baton Rouge Parish
on November 5, 2003,
2 At all pertinent times, there were 147 Class A members.
3 " Developer" is defined in Section 3. 7 of the Restrictions as Santa Maria Interest, LLC, or its
successor entity who is assigned the rights of Santa Maria Interest, LLC, as the Developer.
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liens and servitudes as provided in the Act of Amendment and to
amend this Act of Restrictions in any manner or for any other
purpose deemed necessary or appropriate in the sole discretion of
the Developer. The Amendment shall be in writing and shall be
effective when filed for registry in the official records of East Baton
Rouge Parish, State of Louisiana. Upon the filing of the Amendment
of this Act of Restrictions, the Lots described in this Act and the Lots
described in the Amendment shall constitute a single subdivision, and
the building and use restrictions, conditions, liens and servitudes
contained in this Act and in the Amendment shall be binding on each
lot, fully enforceable by each lot owner in the Subdivision. ( Emphasis
added.)
The Association' s Articles of Incorporation ( the " Articles") were filed with
the Louisiana Secretary of State on October 22, 2003. Article V provided for the
same two classes of voting membership as Section 5. 2 of the Restrictions, as well
as the same occurrences for the lapse of the Class B memberships. Article X of the
Articles provided for amendment to the Articles, and required that an amendment
be approved by sixty-seven ( 67%) percent of the total voting power of the
Association."
By-laws of the Association ( the `` By-laws") were adopted on October 24,
2003. Article II of the By- laws provided for membership meetings, which were to
take place in East Baton Rouge Parish. Article IX of the By- laws provided, in
pertinent part, for amendment to the By-laws as follows:
2. A resolution adopting a proposed amendment must receive
approval by a vote or by written consent, of fifty-one ( 51 %) percent of
the entire voting power of the membership or may be made by the
Developer alone without a vote as long as the Developer is a Glass
B" member....
5. No amendment to these By -Laws shall operate to change any lot
owner' s share of the total expenses of the Association, or change the
voting rights of its members, unless the record owner of the lot
concerned and all mortgagees who have duly recorded instruments in
the records of East Baton Rouge Parish and whose mortgage is
registered with the Secretary of this Association shall join in the
execution of the amendment.
On December 1, 2017, the developer amended Section 5. 2 of the
Restrictions to delete the January 1, 2020 termination date of the class B
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memberships. Thereafter, the developer transferred all of its 2, 000 class B
memberships in the Association to Classic Properties Management Corp.
An annual Association meeting was held on March 28, 2019. The adoption
of an amendment to the Association' s Articles to ratify the amendment to the
Restrictions regarding the continuation of the CIass B memberships was discussed,
but a vote was not taken at that time. On October 1, 2019, Classic Properties
Management Corp., as developer, amended Articles 1I and VII of the Association' s
By- laws to allow for remote meetings and electronic voting.'
Electronic voting was conducted December 16, 2019—December 18, 2019.
The electronic ballot included a proposed amendment to Article V of the Articles to
delete the January 1, 2020 termination date of the class B memberships. The
proposed amendment to the Articles passed by a vote of 2, 006 " In Favor" to 32
Against." On December 30, 2019, the amendment to the Articles deleting the
January 1, 2020 termination date of the class B memberships was filed with the
Louisiana Secretary of State.
On March 5, 2020, the Association filed a petition for declaratory judgment
to recognize the termination of the class B memberships. In its petition, the
Association sought a judgment declaring the December 30, 2019 amendment to
Article V of the Articles invalid and of no force and effect; the December 1, 2017
amendment to Section 5. 2 of the Restrictions invalid and of no force and effect;
and that the class B memberships in the Association lapsed and became a nullity on
January 1, 2020.
4 in response to the amendment of the By-laws, the class A members prepared a petition in
opposition. 115 of the 147 class A members signed the petition opposing the amendment.
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In response, Classic Properties Management Corp. and Santa Maria Interest,
LLC ( collectively, " Appellants"), filed a reconventional demand seeking a
declaratory judgment declaring the December 1, 2017, October 1, 2019, and
December 30, 2019 amendments to be fully effective and valid, and declaring
Appellants to be the rightful owner and holder of 2, 000 class B memberships in the
Association. Appellants further sought judgment declaring any acts undertaken by
the class A members in the name of the Association since January 1, 2020, to be
invalid, and for damages as a result of any such acts.
The parties filed motions for summary judgment regarding the validity of the
amendments and the lapse of the class B memberships. Following a hearing on
both motions, the trial court took the matter under advisement, On August 9, 2021,
the trial court issued a ruling granting the Association' s motion for summary
judgment and denying Appellants' motion for summary judgment. On September
14, 2021, the trial court signed a judgment in accordance with its ruling and further
ordered that the December 30, 2019 amendment to the Articles and the December
1, 2017 amendment to the Restrictions were invalid and of no force or effect, and
that the class B memberships in the Association had lapsed and became a nullity on
January 1, 2020. Appellants appealed the September 14, 2021 judgment.
On March 21, 2022, this court, ex proprio muco, issued a rule to show cause
order, noting that the September 14, 2021 judgment appeared to lack the
appropriate decretal language disposing of and/ or dismissing any claims, and
accordingly, we could not determine if the judgment dismissed any claims in their
entirety or if a La. C. C.P. art. 1915( B) designation was needed. In response to the
show cause order, the parties filed a joint motion for limited remand, wherein they
represented that the trial court' s ruling effectively disposed of all issues before the
trial court, but the necessary decretal language was unintentionally omitted from
the September 14, 2021 judgment. The parties sought an order of limited remand
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for the trial court to render an amended judgment containing appropriate decretal
language. This court granted the motion, and remanded the matter for the limited
purpose of instructing the trial court to: ( 1) sign an amended judgment that
corrected the deficiencies and complied with La. C. C. P, art. 1918; ( 2) certify the
September 14, 2021 judgment in accord with La. C. C. P. art. 1915( B); or ( 3)
indicate that it declined to certify the September 14, 2021 judgment.
On June 13, 2022, the record on appeal was supplemented with an amended
judgment signed by the trial court on May 20, 2022. The judgment was amended
to dismiss Appellants' reconventional demand in its entirety; additionally, the
judgment was certified as a final judgment pursuant to La. C. C. P. art. 1915( B).
On August 23, 2022, this court issued an interim order noting the following:
Notwithstanding the parties' representations in their motion to
remand and at the time of oral argument that all outstanding claims
have been adjudicated by the ruling at issue, the May 20, 2022
Amended Judgment was certified as a partial final judgment in
accordance with La. C. C. P. art. 1915( B).
Accordingly, we remanded the matter for the limited purpose of instructing the trial
court to sign an amended judgment providing that all outstanding claims of the
parties have been adjudicated and that the judgment was a final, appealable
judgment subject to appeal pursuant to La. C. C. P. art. 1918; or to indicate that it
declined to do so.
On September 26, 2022, the record on appeal was supplemented with an
amended judgment signed by the trial court on August 31, 2022. In addition to
denying Appellants' motion for summary judgment and dismissing Appellants'
reconventional demand in its entirety; granting the Association' s motion for
summary judgment; ordering that the December 30, 2019 amendment to the
Articles was invalid and of no force or effect; ordering that the December 1, 201'
amendment to the Restrictions was invalid and of no force or effect; and ordering
that class B memberships in the Association lapsed and became a nullity on
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January 1, 2020; the judgment contained the following:
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED
that all outstanding claims of the parties, including the [ Appellants']
claims b, d, e, f, and g have[] been adjudicated and that pursuant to
La. [ C. C. P. art.] 1915( B), this judgment be and is hereby certified as a
final judgment and fully appealable.
We find that the August 31, 2022 amended judgment contains appropriate
decretal language indicating that all outstanding claims of the parties have been
adjudicated such that the judgment is a final, appealable judgment subject to appeal
pursuant to La. C.C. P. art. 1918. Accordingly, the trial court' s certification
pursuant to La. C. C. P. art. 1915( B) was unnecessary in this case. Because the
August 31, 2022 judgment is a final judgment, our jurisdiction extends to this
appeal.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
Appellants contend the trial court erred in granting the Association' s motion
for summary judgment and denying Appellants' motion for summary judgment,
declaring the amendments at issue to the Restrictions and Articles null and without
effect, and by ruling that Appellants' class B membership shares lapsed and
became a nullity on January 1, 2020.
LAW AND DISCUSSION
The summary judgment procedure is favored and is designed to secure the
just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action. La. C. C. P. art.
966( A)(2). A motion for summary judgment shall be granted if the motion,
memorandum, and supporting documents show that there is no genuine issue as to
material fact and that the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. La.
C. C. P. art. 966( A)( 3). The burden of proof is on the mover. La. C. C. P. art.
966( D)( 1). Nevertheless, if the mover will not bear the burden of proof at trial on
the issue that is before the court on the motion, the mover' s burden does not
require that all essential elements of the adverse party' s claim, action, or defense be
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negated. Rather, the mover must point out to the court that there is an absence of
factual support for one or more elements essential to the adverse party' s claim,
action, or defense. Thereafter, the adverse party must produce factual support
sufficient to establish the existence of a genuine issue of material fact or that the
mover is not entitled to judgment as a matter of law. La. C. C.P. art. 966( D)( 1).
In determining whether summary judgment is appropriate, appellate courts
review evidence de novo under the same criteria that govern the trial court' s
determination of whether summary judgment is appropriate. Aucoin v Larpenter,
2021- 0064 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 9/ 20/ 21), 329 So. 3d 363, 368, writ denied, 2021- 01505
La. 12! 7/ 21), 329 So. 3d 420. Thus, appellate courts ask the same questions:
whether there is any genuine issue of material fact and whether the mover is
entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id. Because it is the applicable substantive
law that determines materiality, whether a particular fact in dispute is material can
be seen only in light of the substantive law applicable to the case. Durand v
Graham, 2019- 1312 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 6/ 12120), 306 So. 3d 437, 440.
Building restrictions are charges imposed by the owner of an immovable in
pursuance of a general plan governing building standards, specified uses, and
improvements. La. C. C. art. 775. In the case of building restrictions imposed on a
subdivision., the restrictions may be likened to a contract among the property
owners and the developer. Doyle a Lonesome Development, Limited Liability
Company, 2017- 0787 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 7/ 18/ 18), 254 So. 3d 714, 728, writ denied,
2018- 1369 ( La. 11114/ 18), 256 So. 3d 291. Documents establishing building
restrictions are subject to interpretation and enforcement as contracts. Id.Contracts have the effect of law between the parties and the courts are to
interpret them according to the common intent of the parties. See La. C. C. arts.
1983, 2045; Harp a Succession ofBryan, 2019- 0062 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 913/ 20), 313
So. 3d 284, 293. When the words of a contract are clear and explicit and lead to no
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absurd consequences,
no further interpretation may be made in search of the
parties' intent. La. C. C. art. 2046. Parties are free to contract for any object that is
lawful. La. C. G. art. 1971.
Appellants contend that the trial court' s erroneous ruling abrogated their
contractual freedom and authority. According to Appellants, the Articles and
Restrictions were amended to eliminate the original termination date of the class B
shares pursuant to the contractual authority granted to Appellants in the governing
documents of the Association. According to Appellants, while the original
organizational documents contemplated an end to the class B memberships, that
provision was always subject to amendment pursuant to the authority granted to
the class B membership by the same documents.
The Association argues that the governing documents do not give the
developer the authority to change the contract termination date. The Association
alleges that the amendment to the Articles was a breach of Article IX, Section 5,
which requires the class A members to join in an amendment to change the voting
rights of the Association' s members. 5 The Association further argues that the lot
owners only purchased their lots based upon the provisions allowing for the
governance by the lot owners on January 1, 2020. According to the Association,
when the developer eliminated the termination date of its class B membership, it
created " a detrimental reliance."' Finally, the Association argues that the removal
5 The Association further argues that the amendment to the By-laws violated Louisiana law,
specifically La. R.S. 12: 237( C), which requires the vote of members whose rights are affected by
the amendment. However, La. R.S. 12: 237( A) provides that a non- profit corporation " may
amend its articles in compliance with any method stipulated in its articles."
6 The Association provided no evidence in connection with its motion for summary judgment
that the lot owners detrimentally relied on the provisions in the governing documents that the
class B memberships would expire on January 1, 2020. Moreover, the Association did not assert
a claim for detrimental reliance.
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of the expiration date of the class B memberships creates " an absurd consequence"
by allowing perpetual control of the Association by an entity that does not have an
ownership interest in the Association.
Upon our de novo review, we find that Appellants amended each of the
governing documents in accordance with the document' s provisions. At the time
of the December 1, 2017 amendment to the Restrictions, the developer had a class
B membership in the Association, and thus had the ability to amend the
Restrictions in any manner and for any purpose deemed necessary or appropriate in
the developer' s sole discretion. Classic Properties Management Corp. was a class
B member at the time of the October 1, 2019 amendment to the By-laws, and
therefore pursuant to Article IX, Section 2, had the authority to make an
amendment without a vote. On October 1, 2019, Classic Properties Management
Corp. amended Article II, "Membership Meetings," and Article VII, " Notices," to
allow for remote meetings, notice via email, and voting by electronic ballot. None
of these amendments changed the voting rights of the Association' s members so as
to implicate Article IX, Section 5. The changes simply allowed for a different
means for members to exercise their right to vote. In its brief, the Association
contends the electronic vote was problematic and confusing. However, no
evidence of this was submitted in connection with the Association' s motion for
summary judgment. The December 30, 2019 amendment to the Articles passed by
a vote of 2, 006 " In Favor" to 32 " Against." Thus, the amendment was approved
by sixty- seven percent of the total voting power of the Association, as required by
Article X.
The Association argues that the removal of the expiration date of the class B
memberships creates " an absurd consequence." However, Louisiana law does not
require the termination of class B membership by the developer of a subdivision
subject to building restrictions. Parties are free to contract for any lawful object.
La. C. C. art. 1971. Where, as here, the original organizational documents clearly
and explicitly allowed for amendment in the developer' s sole discretion and by the
developer alone without a vote, we do not find that the removal of the expiration
date of the class B memberships created " an absurd consequence."
Finally, we address the Association' s contention that this court' s analysis in
Highland Oaks Estates Homeowners Association, Inc. v Estapa, 2010- 0146 ( La.
App. 1 Cir. 6/ 11/ 10), 2010 WL 2342830 ( unpublished), supports a finding in this
case that the developer' s Class B memberships lapsed and became a nullity on
January 1, 2020. In Highland Oaks, there was a conflict between the provisions of
the restrictive covenants and the articles of incorporation with regard to the lapse
of the developer' s class B memberships. The court held that as between the
lot/property owners of Highland Oaks Estates and the developer, the restrictive
covenant document was the law between them. Highland Oaks, 2010 WL
2342830, at * 3. The developer' s class B membership had lapsed under the
provisions of the restrictive covenants at the time of a homeowner' s meeting where
the developer appointed himself president of the homeowner' s association. Thus,
the court held that the developer was not entitled to vote at that meeting, and he
was without authority to file suit on behalf of the homeowner' s association. Id. at
4.
The facts in this case are clearly distinguishable. At the time of each
amendment at issue to the Restrictions, By-laws, and Articles, the developer or its
successor entity, Classic Properties Management Corp., was a class B member of
the Association. Thus, Highland Oaks does not support a finding in this case that
the class B members lapsed and became a nullity on January 1, 2020.
Based upon our de novo review of the record, we find the December 1, 2017
amendment to the Restrictions, the October 1, 2019 amendment to the By- laws,
and the December 30, 2019 amendment to the Articles to be fully effective and
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valid.
We further find Classic Properties Management Corp. to be the rightful
owner and holder of 2, 000 class B memberships in the Association. Thus, we find
that Appellants are entitled to partial summary judgment on their reconventional
demand for a declaratory judgment. However, Appellants have failed to prove they
are entitled to summary judgment regarding their claims that all acts undertaken by
the class A members in the name of the Association since January 1, 2020, are
invalid; that they are entitled to the return of money collected by the Association,
together with an award of damages, attorney' s fees and cost in light of the
Association' s conversion; and that they are entitled to damages for any default,
breach of contract, liability, or other damage incurred by the Association since
January 1, 2020. We reverse the granting of the Association' s motion for summary
judgment.
CONCLUSION
For the above and foregoing reasons, we reverse that portion of the trial
court' s August 31, 2022 judgment that granted summary judgment in favor of the
Santa Maria Homeowners Association, Inc. Further, we reverse, in part, that
portion of the trial court' s judgment that denied the motion for summary judgment
filed by Classic Properties Management Corp. and Santa Maria Interest, LLC, and
hereby render judgment in favor of Classic Properties Management Corp. and
Santa Maria Interest, LLC, finding that the December 1, 2017 amendment to the
Declaration of Restrictions for Santa Maria Subdivision, Sixth Filing, Phase I ( The
Highlands), is fully effective and valid; that the October 1, 2019 amendment to the
By-laws of Santa Maria Homeowners Association, Inc., is fully effective and valid;
that the December 30, 2019 amendment to the Articles of Incorporation for Santa
Maria Homeowners Association, Inc. is fully effective and valid; and that Classic
Properties Management Corp. is declared to be the rightful owner and holder of
2, 000 class B memberships in Santa Maria Homeowners Association, Inc. In all
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other respects,
the motion for summary judgment filed by Classic Properties
Management Corp. and Santa Maria Interest, LLC, is denied. The matter is
remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. All costs of this
appeal are assessed to the Santa Maria Homeowners Association, Inc.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND
RENDERED; REMANDED.
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