Christopher A. Bailey (D) v. Dr. Michael Loewe ( 2020 )

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL
FIRST CIRCUIT
2019 CA 1201
CHRISTOPHER A. BAILEY (D), ET AL.
VERSUS
DR. MICHAEL LOEWE, ET AL.
Judgment Rendered: JUL 2 3 2020
Appealed from the 19" Judicial District Court
In and for the Parish of East Baton Rouge
State ofLouisiana
Suit No. 0666038
The Honorable William Morvant, Judge Presiding
Alicia Brisco Bailey Plaintiff/Appellant
Baton Rouge, LA In Proper Person
Thomas Temple Counsel for Appellee/ Plaintiff
Kelsey A. Clark Dr. Matthew Guillory
Baton Rouge, LA
Patricia A. Bethancourt Counsel for Appellee/ Plaintiff
Daren M. Fontana Lannis L. Tynes, MD
BEFORE; WHIPPLE, C. J., LANIER, AND BURRIS 1, JJ.
Judge Burris is serving pro tempore by special order of the Louisiana Supreme Court.
LAN SER, J.
Plaintiff/appellant, Alicia Brisco Bailey, appeals the judgment of the
Nineteenth Judicial District Court, which granted the exception raising the
objection of prescription in favor of the defendant/ appellee, Dr. Lannis Lee Tynes,
thereby dismissing Ms. Bailey' s matter before the Louisiana Patient' s
Compensation Fund with prejudice. For the reasons that follow, we afflrrn.'-
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Christopher Bailey, Ms. Bailey' s son, was afflicted with autism, several
vitamin deficiencies, and food allergies. Due to his severe autism, Christopher was
marginally verbal, prone to outbursts and intolerable behavior, and required
constant close supervision. Due to his food allergies, Christopher required a
special diet and medication. On August 12, 2015, Christopher was admitted to Our
Lady of the Lake Hospital ( OLOL) in Baton Rouge based on a court order by the
19``h JDC for protective services due to allegations of abuse and neglect by Ms.
Bailey.3 The physician emergency certificate, naming Dr. Loewe as the examining
physician, states that Christopher was found to be schizophrenic as well as autistic,
and was behaving violently upon admission. Ms. Finley was the treating nurse
practitioner with Dr. Loewe,
The judgment on appeal before this court is a judgment in favor of Dr. Tynes, signed by the
trial court on August 6, 2019. The judgment in favor of Dr. Guillory is the subject of the appeal
in Christopher A. Bailey ( D), et al. v. Dr, Michael Loewe, et at., 2019CA0915, before this court.
The trial court
The Tynes judgment was timely appealed by Ms. Bailey on August 26, 2019.
rendered another judgment in favor of Dr. Michael Loewe, Margaret Finley, NP, and Dr.
Raynando Banks the same day the Tynes judgment was rendered, and also dismissed those
defendants from Ms. Bailey' s matter with prejudice. However, that judgment was signed by the
trial court on July 31, 2019, separate from the Tynes judgment. Ms. Bailey has not appealed the
judgment of July 31, 2019, and therefore that judgment is not before us on appeal. Although Dr.
Loewe, Ms. Finley, and Dr. Banks have submitted briefs before this court, they are not parties to
the instant appeal.
3 This order was issued by the same judge who presided over the judgment now on appeal. Ms.
Bailey filed a motion to recuse that judge from the proceedings on appeal, and that motion was
denied.
2
Dr. Guillory was Christopher' s admitting and discharging physician. Upon
his discharge on August 17, 2015, Christopher was diagnosed with acute kidney
injury and hyperthyroidism. His kidney injury improved through treatment, and to
counter the hyperthyroidism, he was withheld methimazole, a medication
Christopher had been allegedly taking for hypothyroidism prior to Dr. Guillory' s
diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Dr. Guillory recommended additional thyroid tests
in the following weeks to determine if Christopher should remain off methimazole
or take it at a lower dose.' Christopher returned to OLOL for lab work on
December 2, 2015. The lab reports do not indicate that Christopher was put back
on methimazole.
Dr. Guillory reported that the chief complaint for Christopher' s admission to
OLOL was " abuse," characterized as neglect by his mother. Due to Christopher
not being able to verbalize his medical history, Dr. Guillory relied on the chart to
obtain this information and assess the patient. Due to the emergency placement by
Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals, Office of Human Services,
Christopher was required to be treated inpatient for 72 hours.
Christopher was treated by Dr. Tynes on August 13, 2015. He reported that,
in addition to neglecting him, Ms. Bailey had also beaten Christopher with a
baseball bat. He further reported that Christopher was malnourished and had been
living without running water in. his home. Dr. Tynes observed that while
Christopher, who was almost 25 years old at the time, was nonverbal and had
childlike behavior, he behaved appropriately without any disturbances. However,
due to Christopher' s nonverbal behavior and lack of eye contact, Dr. Tynes was
unable to assess his attention and concentration to his treatment of him.
Christopher did not return to OLOL after his discharge on August 17, 2015.
a In his report, Dr. Guillory may have used the term " hyperthyroidism" incorrectly in the place of
hypothyroidism." Nevertheless, Dr. Guillory elected to withhold methimazole during
Christopher' s hospitalization.
Dr. Banks, who is not affiliated with OLOL, saw and treated Christopher on
March 28, 2016 and April 28, 2016. On the first visit, Dr. Banks assessed
Christopher as a patient with autism " on thyroid meds." He characterized
Christopher as " large" and not wanting to be examined. Christopher was irritable
and would not allow blood to be drawn. The second visit was a follow-up to the
first, where he assessed Christopher as a patient " with weight gain." In the notes
from both visits, methimazole was not listed as one of Christopher' s current
medications. Christopher did not return to Dr. Banks for another visit.
Tragically, Christopher passed away on September 6, 2016. Following an
the coroner reported Christopher' s cause of death as "[ d] ilated
autopsy,
cardiomyopathy associated with morbid obesity," and the manner of death as
Natural." Christopher weighed 307 pounds at the time of his death, with a BMI
of 40. His heart weighed 500 grains and was marked with congestion. It was
reported that Christopher was in some distress after a long walk, and shortly
afterward was found to be unresponsive in an empty bathtub.
On August 1, 2017, Ms. Bailey filed a request to convene a medical review
panel ( MRP) with the Division of Administration. In the request, Ms. Bailey
alleged negligence, medical malpractice, and wrongful death associated with the
treatment Christopher received at OLOL, which she stated occurred from August
12, 2015, to September 6, 2016. Specifically, Ms. Bailey alleged that Dr. Loewe,
Dr. Guillory, Dr. Tynes, and Ms. Finley failed to adequately recognize and
evaluate Christopher' s physical condition. She further alleged that they failed to
administer the proper care in the proper manner, failed to order appropriate testing,
and generally failed to conform to the appropriate standards of care. Additionally,
Ms. Bailey alleged that Dr. Banks was negligent in his treatment of Christopher for
the same reasons.
4
Dr. Tynes filed a peremptory exception raising the objection of prescription
on January 3, 2019. In his supporting memorandum, Dr. Tynes stated that he
performed no other treatment and had no other contact with Christopher after
August 13, 2015, and therefore Ms. Bailey' s claims against him were facially
prescribed. Following a hearing on July 22, 2019,. the same date on which the
peremptory exception raising the objection of prescription filed on behalf of Dr.
Loewe, Ms. Finley, and Dr. Banks was heard, the trial court signed a judgment on
August 6, 2019, granting Dr. Tynes' s peremptory exception and dismissing Ms.
Bailey' s claims against him with prejudice.' Ms. Bailey initially filed a notice of
intent to file a writ on August 22, 2019, but then filed an appeal on August 26,
2019. This appeal challenges only the judgment signed on August 6, 201 9. G
DISCUSSION
An action for medical malpractice sounds in negligence. The plea of
prescription must be specifically pleaded and may not be supplied by the court.
La.C. C.P. art. 927( B). Ordinarily, the exceptor bears the burden of proof at the
trial of the peremptory exception. However, if prescription is evident on the face
of the pleadings, the burden shifts to the plaintiff to show the action has not
prescribed. Carter v. Haygood, 2004- 0646 ( La. 1/ 19/ 05), 892 So. 2d 1261, 1267-
Generally, when evidence is introduced at the hearing on an exception of
prescription, the trial court' s findings of fact on the issue of prescription are
reviewed under the manifest error -clearly wrong standard of review. See Carter,
5 The pleadings filed on behalf of Dr. Tynes, Dr. Loewe, Ms. Finley, and Dr. Banks were
admitted into evidence.
c We note that Ms. Bailey failed to list assignments of alleged error in accordance with Uniform
Rules— Courts of Appeal, Rule 2/ 12/ 4. However, the courts of this state have considered briefs
in improper form when filed by pro se litigants. Accordingly, because Ms. Bazley is representing
herself, we will consider the merits of the appeal despite the improper form of her brief. See
Shropshire 1,. INCO Installation, 2014- 0902 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 12/ 23/ 14), 168 So. 3d 601, 607.
5
892 So. 2d at 1267. However, in a case involving no dispute regarding material
facts, but only the determination of a legal issue, the reviewing court must apply
the de novo standard of review. Big 4 Trucking, Inc. v. New Hampshire Insurance
Company, 2017- 0420 ( La. App. I Cir. 11/ 1/ 17), 233 So. 3d 686, 689. The issue of
prescription in the instant case revolves around whether Ms. Bailey' s request for an
MRP is prescribed on its face pursuant to La. R.S. 9: 5628. The issue is therefore a
legal one and requires a de novo review.
Louisiana Revised Statutes 9: 5628 states, in pertinent part:
No action for damages for injury or death against any physician ...
whether based upon tort, or breach of contract, or otherwise, arising
out of patient care shall be brought unless filed within one year from
the date of the alleged act, omission, or neglect, or within one year
from the date of discovery of the alleged act, omission, or neglect;
however, even as to claims filed within one year from the date of such
discovery, in all events such claims shall be filed at the latest within a
period of three years from the date of the alleged act, omission, or
neglect.
Prescription statutes are strictly construed against prescription and in favor
of maintaining the cause of action. Requestfor Medical Review Panel by Wilson v.
Whitfield, 201.7- 1723 ( La. App. I Cir. 5/ 23/ 19), 277 So -3d 370, 375, writ denied,
2019- 0983 ( La. 10/ 1/ 19), 280 So. 3d 157. Thus, if there are two possible
constructions, the one which favors maintaining an action, as opposed to barring,
should be adopted. Id. The general rule regarding the exceptor' s burden of proof
is that a petition should not be found prescribed on its face if it is brought within
one year of the date of discovery and facts alleged with particularity in the petition
show that the plaintiff was unaware of the malpractice prior to the alleged date of
discovery, and the delay in filing suit was not due to willful, negligent or
unreasonable action. of the plaintiff. Id.In the instant case, Ms. Bailey alleges that the malpractice occurred from
August 12, 2015, until September 6, 2016. In other words, Ms. Bailey claims
medical malpractice occurred from the first time Christopher was treated at OLOL
6
until the day of his death. The theory of continuing tort has its roots in property
damage cases and requires that the operating cause of the injury be a continuous
one which results in continuous damages. Crump v. Sabine River Azathoriol , 98-
2326 ( La. 6/ 29/ 99), 737 So. 2d 720, 726. A continuing tort is occasioned by
unlawful acts, not the continuation of the ill effects of an original, wrongful act.
There must be a continuing duty owed to the plaintiff and a continuing breach of
that duty by the defendant for a continuing tort to exist. Id., at 728.
Dr. Tynes' s treatment of Christopher was on August 13, 2015. There were
no follow- up examinations or subsequent visits, but Christopher did return to
OLOL for lab work on December 2, 2015. All of these dates occurred over a year
before Ms. Bailey filed her request for an MRP on August 1, 2017. The date of
Christopher' s death, which did occur less than a year before the filing of the
request for an MRP, does not meet the statutory requirement of La. R.S. 9: 5628 to
arise out of patient care. Christopher did not die while being treated by Dr. Tyn.es,
but instead died at his home over a year later.
Prescription commences when a plaintiff obtains actual or constructive
knowledge of facts indicating to a reasonable person that he or she is the victim of
a tort. Constructive knowledge is whatever notice is enough to excite attention and
put the injured party on guard and call for inquiry. Such notice is tantamount to
knowledge or notice of everything to which a reasonable inquiry may lead.
Wilson, 277 So. 3d at 375- 76. Such information or knowledge as ought to
reasonably put the alleged victim on inquiry is sufficient to start the running of
prescription. Id., at 376. When a plaintiff has knowledge of facts strongly
suggestive that the untoward condition or result may be the result of improper
treatment, and there is no effort by the health care provider to mislead or cover up
information which is available to plaintiff through inquiry or professional medical
or legal advice, then the cause of action is reasonably knowable to plaintiff.
7
Failure to act by a plaintiff for more than one year under these circumstances is not
reasonable. The ultimate issue is the reasonableness of the patient' s action or
inaction, in light of his education, intelligence, the severity of the symptoms, and
the nature of the defendants' conduct. Id., at 376.
It is unclear from Ms. Bailey' s request for an MRP when or if she knew or
should have reasonably known of any injury stemming from Christopher' s medical
treatment. Ms. Bailey does appear knowledgeable of her son' s medical conditions
through the detail given in the request for an MRP, but does not give any specific
dates of when she might have discovered any new adverse health conditions in
Christopher prior to his death. Mere apprehension that something may be wrong is
insufficient to commence the running of prescription unless the plaintiff knew or
should have known through the exercise of reasonable diligence that the problem
may have been caused by acts of malpractice. See Wilson, 277 So. 3d at 377.
We agree with the trial court that Ms. Bailey' s request for an MRP is
prescribed on its face, and that Ms. Bailey has presented insufficient evidence to
prove that the request is not prescribed. We further note that the trial court did not
provide Ms. Bailey a period of time to amend her request in order to cure the
prescription issue, if she can. When the grounds of the objection pleaded by the
peremptory exception may be removed by amendment of the petition, the
judgment sustaining the exception shall order such amendment within the delay
However, where a plaintiff' s cause of
allowed by the court. La. C. C. P. art. 934.
action is prescribed on its face, and the plaintiff has the opportunity but fails to
offer any evidence at the hearing of a peremptory exception that her claim was
filed timely, she has failed to adequately establish that amendment of her petition
might remove the grounds of the objection. See Thomas v. State Employees Group
Benefits Progi-am, 2005- 0392 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 3/ 24/ 06), 934 So. 2d 753, 759. See
also Whitnell v. Menville, 540 So. 2d 304, 309 ( La. 1989).
s
In the instant case, Ms. Bailey neither appeared at the July 22, 2019 hearing,
nor did she present any evidence as to why her claim had not prescribed on its face.
Therefore, we find no cause to grant Ms. Bailey an opportunity to amend her
pleadings pursuant to La. C. C. P. art. 934.
The judgment of the Nineteenth Judicial District Court sustaining the
peremptory exception raising the objection of prescription, filed on behalf of
defendant/ appellee Dr. Lannis Lee Tynes, is affirmed. All costs of this appeal are
assessed to plaintiff/appellant, Alicia Brisco Bailey.
W