Nestle v. BP Exploration & Production, Inc. ( 2022 )

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA JOHN B. PETTAWAY CIVIL ACTION VERSUS NO. 17-3599 BP EXPLORATION & SECTION R (5) PRODUCTION, INC., ET AL. TERESA LYNN RIDDELL-HARE CIVIL ACTION VERSUS NO. 17-4177 BP EXPLORATION & SECTION R (2) PRODUCTION, INC., ET AL. STEPHEN NESTLE CIVIL ACTION VERSUS NO. 17-4463 BP EXPLORATION & SECTION R (4) PRODUCTION, INC., ET AL. CARLOS PATTON CIVIL ACTION VERSUS NO. 17-4473 BP EXPLORATION & SECTION R (5) PRODUCTION, INC., ET AL. ORDER AND REASONS Before the Court are motions for reconsideration filed by each of the above-captioned plaintiffs.1 Defendants BP Exploration & Production, Inc., BP America Production Company, and BP p.l.c. (collectively, the “BP parties”) oppose plaintiffs’ motions.2 For the following reasons, the Court denies plaintiffs’ motions for reconsideration. I. BACKGROUND Plaintiffs John B. Pettaway, Teresa Lynn Riddell-Hare, Stephen Nestle, and Carlos Patton each filed lawsuits against defendants based on their alleged exposure to toxic chemicals following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.3 Each plaintiff was allegedly involved in cleanup 1 Pettaway, No. 17-3599, R. Doc. 80; Riddell-Hare, No. 17-4177, R. Doc. 70; Nestle, No. 17-4463, R. Doc. 63; Patton, No. 17-4473, R. Doc. 62. 2 The remaining defendants, Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., Transocean Deepwater, Inc., Transocean Holdings, LLC, and Transocean Offshore Deepwater Drilling, Inc. join the BP parties’ opposition to plaintiffs’ motions for reconsideration. Pettaway, No. 17-3599, R. Doc. 81 at 1 n.1; Riddell-Hare, No. 17-4177, R. Doc. 71 at 1 n.1; Nestle, No. 17-4463, R. Doc. 64 at 1 n.1; Patton, No. 17-4473, R. Doc. 63 at 1 n.1. 3 See Pettaway, No. 17-3599, R. Doc. 1; Riddell-Hare, No. 17-4177, R. Doc. 1; Nestle, No. 17-4463, R. Doc. 1; Patton, No. 17-4473, R. Doc. 1. or recovery work after the oil spill, and each contends that his or her resulting exposure to crude oil and dispersants caused a litany of health conditions.4 Plaintiffs brought claims for general maritime negligence, negligence per se, and gross negligence against defendants.5 In each case, the plaintiffs submitted an expert report from Dr. Jerald Cook, an occupational and environmental physician, to demonstrate that exposure to crude oil, weathered oil, and dispersants can cause the symptoms they allege in their complaints. See Pettaway v. BP Expl. & Prod., Inc., No. 17-3599, 2022 WL 3369997, at *4 (E.D. La. Aug. 16, 2022); Riddell-Hare v. BP Expl. & Prod., Inc., No. 17-4177, 2022 WL 3445718, at *4 (E.D. La. Aug. 17, 2022); Nestle v. BP Expl. & Prod., Inc., No. 17-4463, 2022 WL 4132499, at *4 (E.D. La. Sept. 12, 2022); Patton v. BP Expl. & Prod., Inc., No. 17-4473, 2022 WL 4104505, at *4 (E.D. La. Sept. 8, 2022). Dr. Cook was plaintiffs’ only expert on the issue of general causation. Id. This Court excluded the testimony of Dr. Cook as unreliable and unhelpful under Fed. R. Civ. P. 702 because, among other issues, Dr. Cook did not identify what level of exposure to the specific chemicals to which plaintiffs were exposed is necessary to be capable of causing the specific conditions plaintiffs 4 Id. 5 Id. complained of. Pettaway, 2022 WL 3369997, at *12 (E.D. La. Aug. 16, 2022); Riddell-Hare, 2022 WL 3445718, at *11 (E.D. La. Aug. 17, 2022); Nestle, 2022 WL 4132499, at *10 (E.D. La. Sept. 12, 2022); Patton, 2022 WL 4104505, at *10 (E.D. La. Sept. 8, 2022). The Court concluded that Dr. Cook “lacks sufficient facts on both the composition of the substances at issue and their toxicity to provide a reliable opinion on general causation.” Pettaway, 2022 WL 3369997, at *9 (E.D. La. Aug. 16, 2022); Riddell-Hare, 2022 WL 3445718, at *8 (E.D. La. Aug. 17, 2022); Nestle, 2022 WL 4132499, at *8 (E.D. La. Sept. 12, 2022); Patton, 2022 WL 4104505, at *8 (E.D. La. Sept. 8, 2022). Because expert testimony is required to establish general causation in toxic tort cases, and plaintiffs’ sole expert witness on the issue of general causation was excluded, this Court granted defendants’ motions for summary judgment in each case.6 Id. Plaintiffs now move under Rule 59(e) for reconsideration of the Court’s orders excluding Dr. Cook’s testimony and granting defendants’ motions for 6 A more fulsome description of the facts and procedural history of each case can be found at the Order and Reasons granting defendants’ motions in limine and motions for summary judgment in each case. See Pettaway, 2022 WL 3369997 (E.D. La. Aug. 16, 2022); Riddell- Hare, 2022 WL 3445718 (E.D. La. Aug. 17, 2022); Nestle, 2022 WL 4132499 (E.D. La. Sept. 12, 2022); Patton, 2022 WL 4104505 (E.D. La. Sept. 8, 2022). summary judgment.7 Each of plaintiffs’ motions are substantively identical. In support of their motions, plaintiffs contend they have been unable to “properly present appropriate expert testimony regarding dosage due to Defendant BP’s alleged mismanagement of biological monitoring.”8 They note that another section of this Court has sanctioned defendants for failing to produce a proper 30(b)(6) corporate witness to testify to the issue of biological monitoring, and argue that “summary judgment is not appropriate where it has now been ruled that BP failed to produce a qualified corporate witness to respond to questions that go to the heart of the general causation issue.”9 Plaintiffs argue that upon reconsideration, this Court should “deny [defendants’] motions in limine and motions for summary judgment” until they can “obtain a proper 30(b)(6) deposition of a qualified corporate witness.”10 In response, the BP parties contend that plaintiffs present no new evidence or argument; rather, they simply rehash the arguments they 7 Pettaway, No. 17-3599, R. Doc. 80; Riddell-Hare, No. 17-4177, R. Doc. 70; Nestle, No. 17-4463, R. Doc. 63; Patton, No. 17-4473, R. Doc. 62. 8 Pettaway, No. 17-3599, R. Doc. 80 at 1; Riddell-Hare, No. 17-4177, R. Doc. 70 at 1; Nestle, No. 17-4463, R. Doc. 63 at 1; Patton, No. 17-4473, R. Doc. 62 at 1. 9 Pettaway, No. 17-3599, R. Doc. 80-1 at 3; Riddell-Hare, No. 17-4177, R. Doc. 70-1 at 3; Nestle, No. 17-4463, R. Doc. 63-1 at 3; Patton, No. 17-4473, R. Doc. 62-1 at 3. 10 Id. presented in response to defendants’ motions in limine in contravention of Rule 59(e).11 They further argue that the issue of discovery sanctions is irrelevant to general causation.12 The Court considers the motions below. II. LEGAL STANDARD A district court has “considerable discretion” under Rule 59(e). See Edward H. Bohlin Co. v. Banning Co., 6 F.3d 350, 355 (5th Cir. 1993). That said, “[r]econsideration of a judgment after its entry is an extraordinary remedy that should be used sparingly.” Templet v. HydroChem Inc., 367 F.3d 473, 479 (5th Cir. 2004). “The Court must strike the proper balance between two competing imperatives: (1) finality, and (2) the need to render just decisions on the basis of all the facts.” Edward H. Bohlin Co., 6 F.3d at 11 Pettaway, No. 17-3599, R. Doc. 81 at 1; Riddell-Hare, No. 17-4177, R. Doc. 71 at 1; Nestle, No. 17-4463, R. Doc. 64 at 1; Patton, No. 17-4473, R. Doc. 63 at 1. 12 Id. Defendants also argue that plaintiffs are not entitled to an adverse inference based on an “anticipatory spoliation” theory that plaintiffs have allegedly advanced in other sections of this Court. Pettaway, No. 17-3599, R. Doc. 81 at 2; Riddell-Hare, No. 17-4177, R. Doc. 71 at 2. Because plaintiffs do not argue that they are entitled to an adverse inference based on “anticipatory spoliation” in their motions, nor do they explain that theory in any detail or assert its applicability other than a brief, conclusory conjecture, that theory will not be addressed here. 355. A motion to reconsider under Rule 59(e) “must clearly establish either a manifest error of law or fact or must present newly discovered evidence.” Matter of Life Partner Holdings, Inc., 926 F.3d 103, 128 (5th Cir. 2019) (quoting Schiller v. Physicians Res. Grp. Inc., 342 F.3d 563, 567 (5th Cir. 2003)). Courts have held that the moving party must show that the motion is necessary based on at least one of the following criteria: (1) “correct[ing] manifest errors of law or fact upon which the judgment is based;” (2) “present[ing] newly discovered or previously unavailable evidence;” (3) “prevent[ing] manifest injustice,” and (4) accommodating “an intervening change in the controlling law.” Fields v. Pool Offshore, Inc., No. 97-3170, 1998 WL 43217, at *2 (E.D. La. Feb. 3, 1998). III. DISCUSSION Plaintiffs contend they are entitled to reconsideration of this Court’s orders excluding the testimony of Dr. Cook and granting defendants’ motions for summary judgment because defendants have improperly blocked plaintiffs’ discovery on the issue of defendants’ biomonitoring efforts after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.13 Plaintiffs advanced this very same 13 Pettaway, No. 17-3599, R. Doc. 80 at 1-3; Riddell-Hare, No. 17-4177, argument, and highlighted the possibility that defendants would be sanctioned for their alleged discovery abuses in the Torres-Lugo case, in response to defendants’ motions in limine. 14 This Court granted defendants’ motions in the face of plaintiffs’ arguments, and the fact that sanctions were granted in the Torres-Lugo case does not change the Court’s conclusions. Plaintiffs’ “recitation of duplicative and meritless arguments that have already been exhaustively considered does not entitle [them] to a second bite at the apple” through reconsideration under Rule 59(e). Vesoulis v. Reshape Lifesciences, Inc., No. 19-1795, 2021 WL 2267676, at *1 (E.D. La. June 3, 2021). As this Court has explained in response to the motions to continue all deadlines that several of the above-named plaintiffs recently filed, the issues involved in the sanctions motion are not outcome determinative of defendants’ motions in limine on the issue of admissibility of Dr. Cook’s report, or on the merits of defendants’ summary judgment motion. See Nestle v. BP Expl. & Prod., Inc., No. CV 17-4463, 2022 WL 6550095, at *1 R. Doc. 70 at 1-3; Nestle, No. 17-4463, R. Doc. 63 at 1-3; Patton, No. 17-4473, R. Doc. 62 at 1-3. 14 Pettaway, No. 17-3599, R. Doc. 61 at 6-10; Riddell-Hare, No. 17-4177, R. Doc. 48 at 6-10; Nestle, No. 17-4463, R. Doc. 51 at 6-11; Patton, No. 17-4473, R. Doc. 48 at 6-11. (E.D. La. Sept. 12, 2022) (noting that “[t]he additional discovery plaintiff seeks would not produce information germane to the motions at issue”). Plaintiffs do not contend the discovery they are seeking, which involves what BP did not do after the oil spill, would supply the missing dose-response relationship or cure the lack of fit between Dr. Cook’s opinion and the facts of their cases, which were the bases for this Court’s decisions. Other sections of this Court have observed the same, noting that “the point of an expert on general causation is to explain whether the exposure to a particular chemical is capable generally of causing a certain health issue in the general population,” and that “is not dependent on data from the particular incident at issue.” Carpenter v. BP Expl. & Prod. Inc., No. 17- 3645, 2022 WL 2757416, at *1 n.1, 6 (E.D. La. July 14, 2022) (Ashe, J.) (“BP’s alleged failure to monitor the oil-spill workers is irrelevant to the resolution of these motions.”); see also Beverly v. BP Expl. & Prod. Inc., No. 17-3045, 2022 WL 2986279, at *4 (E.D. La. July 28, 2022) (Barbier, J.), reconsideration denied, No. 17-3045, 2022 WL 4242515 (E.D. La. Sept. 14, 2022) (“[T]his [general causation] inquiry does not depend upon environmental sampling data taken as part of the incident.”); Reed v. BP Expl. & Prod. Inc., No. 17-3603, R. Doc. 66 at 2 (E.D. La. July 28, 2022) (Milazzo, J.) (“[T]he Court finds that the outcome of the additional discovery in Torres-Lugo does not affect the issues presented in Defendants’ Motions.”). Plaintiffs do not claim to have discovered new evidence, nor do they point to intervening changes in controlling law. They further fail to establish that this Court’s orders work a manifest injustice. Their bare assertion that the pending discovery implicates “questions that go to the heart of the general causation issue” is insufficient to establish that they are entitled to the “extraordinary remedy” of reconsideration under Rule 59(e). Templet, 367 F.3d at 479. IV. CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, plaintiffs’ motions for reconsideration are DENIED. New Orleans, Louisiana, this 10thday of November, 2022. he Vee SARAH S. VANCE UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE