Weinrebe v. Coffman , 358 Mass. 247 ( 1970 )

Cutter, J.

A Superior Court judge sustained a demurrer to an amended bill in equity. The plaintiff appeals from a final decree dismissing the bill.

Attached to the bill as an exhibit is a plan showing the lots hereafter described. The plaintiff owns parcel P-1 on the north side of School Street, with its street frontage at 13 to 15 School Street, Boston, a short distance west of Washington Street, which runs north and south. The defendant owns parcel D on the west side of Washington Street. Parcel D has its street access at 263 to 265 Washington Street. Parcel P-1 and parcel D adjoin each other at the rear of each parcel. The bill alleges essentially these facts and also the matters set out below.

On February 21, 1956, by deed dated December 28, 1954, Post Publishing Company (Post) conveyed parcel P-1, and the buildings thereon, to one Coppola by a deed¹ which described parcel P-1 by metes and bounds. These corresponded with the measurements shown on the plan, with the addition of the words “[o]r however otherwise said premises may be bounded or described and be all or any of said measurements more or less.” The specific measurements included only the area shown on the plan as parcel P-1. The measurements did not include the surface (or any part) of parcel P-2, about six feet by twenty-nine feet, constituting a sub-basement area substantially below street level. On May 2, 1963, “one Diab, the then owner by successive conveyances of . . . Q)]arcel P-1 (the language of all . . . interim conveyances being substantially identical to that of . . . [the deed to Coppola]), conveyed” parcel P-1 to the plaintiff. Post remained the owner of parcel D until March 18, 1958, when there was recorded a deed to the defendant which included parcel D? executed by the trustees in bankruptcy of Post (see fn. 1). This deed appears to include in parcel D parcel P-2 within its description by metes and bounds, although these are not shown in figures on the plan attached to the bill.

Paragraph 5 of the bill reads,² “[A] Integral to . . . ‘15 School Street’ situated on . . . [p]arcel P-1 during the ownership thereof by Post . . . and at all times thereafter until March 1968, were certain [B] sub-basements which were approximately forty-two . . . feet deep below street level, and which extended underground beyond the property line between [p]arcel P-1 and [p]arcel D as set forth in the deeds ... [of such parcels respectively] to the extent shown on the [p]lan annexed . . . (the extended portion of . . . [the] sub-basements being . . . referred to as ‘[p]arcel P-2’); [C] it was the intention of . . . Post . . . and each predecessor in title to the plaintiff thereafter, to make conveyance of all of . . . 15 School Street’ (that is, [p]arcel P-1 inclusive of [p]arcel P-2), whereby the plaintiff acquired the exclusive right to the ownership and . . . possession of . . . [p]arcel P-2.”

After parcel D had been conveyed to the defendant on March 18, 1958, he demolished the buildings on parcel D and used the land as a parking lot until January, 1968. Then the defendant began to excavate parcel D and parcel P-2. The plaintiff gave notice to the defendant of his claims to parcel P-2. The defendant continued the excavation, demolished the underground structures comprising parcel P-2, and commenced construction of a building which “encroaches on [p]arcel P-1 to the full extent of [p]arcel P-2.”

The plaintiff seeks a mandatory injunction requiring the removal of the allegedly encroaching structure, restoration of the destroyed sub-basement portion of the building at 15 School Street, and general relief. In the demurrer it is asserted that no cause for proceeding in equity has been stated and that the allegations of par. 5 of the bill “are argumentative, state conclusions of law, and do not specifically set forth facts” enabling the plaintiff to proceed in equity. The plaintiff contends that the allegations of the bill are sufficient to state grounds for equitable relief on either of two bases summarized below.

1. The plaintiff first argues, in effect, that the deed from Post to Coppola (and the subsequent “substantially identical” deeds in the plaintiff’s chain of title) must be read in the context of the circumstances in which they respectively were delivered. So read, he says that they must be interpreted as conveying not only parcel P-1 but also the subbasements constituting parcel P-2, as a part of the building at nos. 13 to 15 School Street. Doubtless, in cases of ambiguity in descriptions, weight may be given to the circumstances in which a conveyance was made, and to physical characteristics of the property transferred, in determining what the parties intended. See Erickson v. Ames, 264 Mass. 436, 444; Murphy v. Mart Realty of Brockton, Inc. 348 Mass. 675, 680. See also Ovans v. Castrucci, 267 Mass. 600, 606; Restatement: Property, § 242; Am. Law of Property, § 12.91. The principle has been applied with respect to deeds or other transfers of buildings. See Millerick v. Plunkett, 187 Mass. 97, 102-104; Harvey v. Sandwich, 256 Mass. 379, 384-385; Ansin v. Taylor, 262 Mass. 159, 162-163; Labelle v. Lafleche, 289 Mass. 140, 144-145; Tiffany, Real Property (3d ed.) § 990, pp. 90-91. Cf. Bacon v. Kenneson, 290 Mass. 14, 16-17.

The plaintiff’s allegations are indefinite with respect to the relationship between (a) the sub-basements which constitute parcel P-2, and (b) the building (13 to 15 School Street) on parcel P-1. There is no specific allegation in par. 5 of the bill showing whether or how these sub-basements were, or had been, connected or used with the 13 to 15 School Street building. There is (1) no description of the nature or physical characteristics of these sub-basements; (2) no statement concerning their origin and use by Post and its transferees; and (3) no allegation about the knowledge of Post, its transferees, the users of the School Street building, and others concerning the existence of the sub-basements or their location with respect to the surface of the land above them. See par. 5 at point [B].

Undue reliance cannot be placed upon the allegation that (see par. 5 at point [A]) " [i]ntegral to ³ . . . ‘15 School Street’ ” are these sub-basements. Although the term “integral to” implies general unity of use and structure of the sub-basements and the School Street building, par. 5 fails to set forth any basic facts which might lead to the conclusion that such unity exists. Such a general conclusion need not be regarded as admitted by demurrer. See Stockus v. Boston Housing Authy. 304 Mass. 507, 510-511; Moskow v. Boston Redev. Authy. 349 Mass. 553, 563-564. The statement (see par. 5 at point [C]) concerning “the intention” of Post and its successors in title is similarly defective in specificity.

On demurrer no intendment will be made in favor of the allegations of a bill, and ambiguities must be construed against the plaintiff. See Leto v. Assessors of Wilmington, 348 Mass. 144, 149. In the light of these principles, we conclude that par. 5 of the bill does not set out in “clear, direct, and unequivocal” fashion facts entitling the plaintiff to relief in equity in the face of a demurrer raising the issue of undue generality in the bill. See North Station Wine Co. Inc. v. United Liquors, Ltd. 323 Mass. 48, 51.

2. The plaintiff also argues that the bill sets forth facts showing that by his deed to parcel P-1, he also acquired in connection with the School Street building an easement by implication over the sub-basements constituting parcel P-2. See Hurley v. Guzzi, 328 Mass. 293, 295-296. The allegations of the bill, particularly par. 5, inadequately state basic facts, as opposed to somewhat general conclusions, sufficient to constitute a case for equitable relief on this theory. Much the same reasons are applicable as those already outlined in part 1 of this opinion in discussing the plaintiff’s first theory of his case.

3. The demurrer was correctly sustained.

Interlocutory decree affirmed. Final decree affirmed with costs of appeal.

1 Copies of the deed from Post to Coppola, of the deed from Diab to Weinrebe, and of the deed from the trustees in bankruptcy of Post to Coffman, are set out as exhibits to the amended bill.

2 The letters in brackets'inserted in the text of par. 5 of the bill, as quoted above, permit convenient reference to the language which immediately follows such letters respectively.

3 The word “integral” implies the concept of being “essential to completeness: organically joined or linked.” See Webster’s Third New Intl. Dictionary, p. 1173. See also New English Dictionary, Vol. V, pp. 366-367; Century Dictionary, Vol. IV, pp. 3130-3131.