State v. Peck , 60 Me. 498 ( 1872 )

Danforth, J.

This case has once been before the law court upon a special demurrer to the plaintiff’s replication, 58 Maine, 123.

The demurrer was overruled, the. replication held good, and the case sent back for final judgment, unless the defendants were permitted to withdraw their demurrer and plead anew under the provisions of the R. S., c. 82, § 19. At the term subsequent to the .announcement of the decision, the defendants’ counsel moved for leave to withdraw said demurrer, without the consent of the plaintiff and without complying with the provisions of the statute, and to :plead to the issue. This motion was denied and judgment ordered .for the plaintiff. To this the defendants except, and now claim the allowance of the motion as of right. If the judgment upon the issue, as made up, should have been respondeat ouster, the defendants are right in their claim, otherwise not.

Previous to the several acts embodied in the revision above cited, on a general demurrer, final judgment would have been ordered by the law court, and entered as of the preceding, instead of -at the following term. The demurrer was not to a plea in abatement but to a replication, which presented the full merits of the case. The party had his option to plead or demur. By electing the latter ‘ he shall be taken to admit that he ' has no ground for denial or traverse.’ Stephen on PI. 143.

The result of this principle is the well-established rule, ‘ that a demurrer admits all such matters of fact as are sufficiently pleaded.’ It must be conceded that the replication contains all the facts necessary to maintain thé plaintiffs’ case, and the court have decided that it is sufficient in form. Hence a final judgment must necessarily follow. The authorities are to the same effect. Stephen, in his work op pleading, treating of judgments for the plaintiff says, on pages 104, 105, ‘ If it be an issue in law, arising on a dilatory plea, the judgment is only, that the defendant answer over. . . . Upon all other issues in law, and in general all issues of fact, the judgment is, that the plaintiff recover.’ Also in note on page 144, ‘ On demurrer to any pleadings which go to the action, the judgment for either party is the same as it would have been on an issue of fact, joined upon the same pleading and found in favor of the same party.’ Clearwater v. Meredith, 1 Wallace, 25, 43; McKeen v. Parker, 51 Maine, 389; McAllister v. Clark, 33 Conn. 258, and in Parlin v. Macomber, 5 Maine, 413; Inhabitants of Washington v. Eames, 6 Allen, 417, final judgment was ordered by the law court. But without denying the correctness of these principles when applied to a general demurrer, it is contended that they are not applicable to a special one, and it is said that none of the authorities so lay down the law. While this may be true, it is also true that in Parlin v. Macomber above cited, the court applied the law to a special demurrer, and also in Washington v. Eames, though in Massachusetts, under their practice act, all demurrers must be special. No authority has been cited, or fallen under notice, in which any distinction between the two kinds of demurrer, in respect to the judgment, has been alluded to, which, to say the least, is a little singular if any such difference exists.

Nor are we able to perceive any such distinction from the principles involved.

Every special demurrer includes a general one, for under tlie former ‘ the party may, on the argument, not only take advantage of the faults which his demurrer specifies, but, also, of all such objections in substance, as regarding the very right of the cause, as the law does not require to be particularly set down.’ Stephen on Pl. 141, 142 ; Bouvier’s Law Dict., ‘ Demurrer.’ In the one just as much as in the other the party has his option to plead or demur, and must be equally bound by his election. But one answer, unless by leave of court, can be made to the plea, and if that is overruled, it must stand as true. A special demurrer raises a question of law just as much as a general one, and there is no exception to the rule as laid down, that where there is an issue of law upon a plea ‘ which goes to the action ’ the judgment will be final.

To these principles of law the statute adds its mandate. R. S., c. 82, § 19, requires more than that the court shall rule upon the demurrer unless withdrawn. After providing for amendments or new pleadings as the case may require, it declares that, ‘ at the next term of the court in the county where the action is pending, after a decision on the demurrer has been certified by the - clerk of the district to the clerk of such county, and not before, judgment shall be entered on the demurrer, unless the costs are paid, and the amendment or new pleadings filed on the second day of the term.’ The statute gives the parties some rights which did not previously exist, and for the purpose of enabling them to secure those rights, the action is to stand upon the docket until the term following the certificate of decision.

But these rights must be asserted within the time and in the manner specified, otherwise they are waived, and the case ended. No distinction is made between a special and general demurrer, but the ‘word used comprehends both. In this case the new pleadings were not filed on the second day of the term, nor do the costs appear to have been paid. Hence, in accordance with the statute, judgment must be entered.

The other question, raised upon the first bill of exceptions, relates to the burden of proof in fixing the amount of damages.

Whether the ruling upon this point is correct or otherwise, seems to be immaterial in this case, for the judgment to be entered must include the sum to be recovered as well as the right to recover. It may be, and undoubtedly is, true, that a demurrer to a declaration, alleging damages as the result of a wrong or an injury to property, damages technically so called, or as a conclusion of law from facts stated, would not admit the amount claimed. In such case it would be necessary to fix the amount by a subsequent inquiry by the proper tribunal. But the rule is otherwise when the action is to recover a specific sum, as upon a promissory note, account annexed or for money received. Stephen on PI. 105.

In the latter case the sum named is as much a fact pleaded and admitted by the demurrer as any other stated in the declaration. McAlister v. Clark, before cited.

In this case the replication set forth the precise amount of money received by the principal in the bond, and unaccounted for.

That fact having been admitted by the demurrer, the judgment must go for that amount. The result is that the first bill of exceptions must be overruled.

This disposes of the second also. It is conceded by the defenddants’ counsel, that if the proceedings first excepted to were legal and proper, the plea of puis darrein continuance was filed too late. This would seem to be a self-evident proposition. Although the plea may be filed after issue joined, it has never been allowed after that issue has been decided. When a cause is ended it can hardly be revived in this way. Exceptions overruled.

Appleton, C. J.; Cutting, Walton, and Dickerson, JJ., concurred. Tapley did not concur.