Borngesser v. United Dairy Workers Pension Fund Committee ( 1965 )

375 Mich. 697 (1965) 135 N.W.2d 381

BORNGESSER
v.
UNITED DAIRY WORKERS PENSION FUND COMMITTEE.

Calendar No. 8, Docket No. 50,601.

Supreme Court of Michigan.

Decided June 7, 1965.

Bellinson & Doctoroff (Ronald D. Feldman, of counsel), for plaintiff.

Burger & Sullivan (Carl F. Burger, of counsel) and Rothe, Marston, Mazey, Sachs & O'Connell (William Mazey, of counsel), for defendant.

DETHMERS, J.

Plaintiff brought this suit for himself and 84 others similarly situated, as a class action. They had been milk route operators, employees, respectively, of several different Detroit milk distributors, and members of a dairy workers union. A collective bargaining agreement was entered into between the distributors and the union. It provided for a pension plan agreement to be financed by employer contributions of $10 per month for each employee. The pension plan was drafted, it was approved by the union and the commissioner of internal revenue and became operative. Under the plan, the pension fund was placed in control of a pension fund committee, defendant herein, which had the authority and responsibility of administering the pension program in accord with the terms of the plan. The employers made the contributions as required, for some length of time, in amounts ranging from $320 to $1,010 per covered employee included in the class here involved. Plaintiff alleges that the agreement for employer contributions to the fund was in lieu of a pay raise. The plan provided that plaintiff and all other employees similarly situated would be entitled to share in the fruits and benefits of the pension plan.

After the plan had been in operation for some time plaintiff and the others whom he here represents purchased from their employers the milk routes they had been operating and, as plaintiff says in his brief, changed from employee status to entrepreneur status. Their former employers then ceased making contributions to the pension fund in their behalf. Article 5, § 4, of the pension plan provided, inter alia, as follows:

"Except as provided in article 6, § 2, an individual's participation in the plan shall terminate and he shall forfeit all service credited to him in the event —

"(a) He quits or is discharged from employment with a participating company and is not rehired by any participating company within 90 days from and after the date he quit or 180 days from and after the date he was discharged."

After plaintiff and those he represents had purchased their routes, because they then were told by defendant committee that they no longer were employees and, hence, could not become eligible for pensions or other benefits under the plan, they demanded from defendant committee payment to them of the past contributions made to the fund by their employers on their account. Upon refusal, this suit was brought to recover the amount of those contributions.

Defendant moved for summary judgment^[*] on the ground that the action was founded upon a written document, namely, the pension plan, and that under its provisions plaintiff had no cause of action such as here asserted. The motion was supported by affidavits, incorporating a copy of the pension plan as an exhibit. The court granted the motion. In its opinion the court stated, inter alia, that plaintiff had terminated his employment voluntarily and that to grant plaintiff and the others the relief sought might jeopardize the actuarial soundness of the plan. The main reason assigned in its opinion, however, for granting defendant's motion was that there is no provision in the plan supporting plaintiff's claim in this case. The court quoted from the plan, article 10, § 2, the following:

"The trust fund shall be used to pay benefits as provided in the plan pursuant to authorization by the pension fund committee. No part of the principal or income of the fund shall, in any event, be used for, or diverted to, purposes other than those provided in the plan."

Plaintiff appeals from the summary judgment for defendant.

Plaintiff first contends that a summary judgment was improper because two statements in the court's opinion amounted to determination of questions of fact on which plaintiff was entitled to decision after trial on the facts. These two are, as above indicated, that plaintiff and the others quit their employment voluntarily and that allowing them to recover in this case would undermine the actuarial soundness of the pension fund. Whether these factual questions be disputed or not, decision thereof would not be decisive of plaintiff's right to recover. The statements of the court thereon, in its opinion, were completely immaterial and, accordingly, the fact that the answers to those questions might be in dispute did not require a trial, if, as is the case here, on the undisputed facts, the pleadings and the agreement on which suit is brought, defendant was entitled, as a matter of law, to judgment in its favor. There was, therefore, no error in disposing of the case by summary judgment.

Plaintiff says in his brief, correctly we think, that "the appellant and his compeers are no longer participating employees"; also, that their status has changed from that of employee to that of entrepreneur. We think this plainly brings into operation the above quoted language of article 5, § 4(a), of the pension plan to the effect that plaintiff's participation in the plan has terminated because he quit his employment and has not been rehired. That means that he cannot share in the pension benefits provided for in the plan. There is no provision therein for dividing up the fund or a portion thereof among employees who cease being employees. As the lower court observed, the above quoted language of article 10, § 2, of the plan prohibits use of the pension fund for the purpose here sought by plaintiff.

Plaintiff says that purchase of routes by a large number of operators and their consequent departure from the ranks of employees was not contemplated when the plan was adopted, and that, accordingly, retention in the fund of the contributions made for them would work an unjust enrichment of the fund at their expense. While the language of the plan evidences no contemplation of such occurrence, neither does it indicate the contrary. As far as contemplations are concerned, article 5, § 4(a), reveals that it was anticipated that there would be some terminations of employee status, for whatever reason, the reasons therefor being left unspecified, apparently because they were considered immaterial. As the trial court said:

"However, in the instant case a reading of the plan does not indicate that the parties ever intended that the plaintiff and persons in his class should have a vested interest in the fund if they should cease under the terms of the plan to become employees."

Enrichment of the fund strictly in accord with the terms of the plan, and because of occurrences (quits) referred to and covered by its language, cannot be termed unjust enrichment.

Defendant refers to George v. Haber, 343 Mich 218. While, as the trial court noted, it is not on all fours with this case because of differences in the language of the respective pension plans, there is in the opinion of this Court in that case language pertinent here, as follows (pp 227-229):

"Appellants, under the express terms providing for the creation of the trust fund, have no right or interest in such fund. Rather they, like other employees of the company, were beneficiaries only to the extent of the pension or disability benefits to which they might become entitled. * * *

"Under the factual situation presented here the trial court properly denied the relief sought by plaintiffs. Equity may grant relief when necessary to protect the carrying out of the purposes of a trust or to prevent the destruction of, or injury to, trust funds, in the event that altered circumstances create an exigency justifying intervention. Such is not the situation in the case at bar. Plaintiffs are not asking for the protection of the trust fund but, rather, seek the termination of the trust and the distribution of the moneys remaining in the fund in a manner not consistent with the plan and purpose of the parties to the agreements. Such purpose may be accomplished in the manner provided therefor. The Court may not rewrite the contracts here involved."

Affirmed. Costs to defendant.

KELLY, SOURIS, SMITH, O'HARA, and ADAMS, JJ., concurred with DETHMERS, J.

T.M. KAVANAGH, C.J., and BLACK, J., concurred in result.

NOTES

[*] See GCR 1963, 117. — REPORTER.