People of Michigan v. Richard Sentell Broomfield ( 2018 )

STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, UNPUBLISHED
January 11, 2018
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v No. 335120
Calhoun Circuit Court
RICHARD SENTELL BROOMFIELD, LC No. 2012-002954-FH
Defendant-Appellant.
Before: O’CONNELL, P.J., and HOEKSTRA and SWARTZLE, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
This case is before us for the third time. Following a jury trial, defendant was convicted
of two counts of third-degree criminal sexual conduct (CSC-III), MCL 750.520d(1)(a) (involving
a victim who is at least 13 years of age and under 16 years of age). Defendant was sentenced, as
a fourth-offense habitual offender, MCL 769.12, to 22 to 40 years’ imprisonment. On appeal, we
affirmed defendant’s convictions but remanded for resentencing due to an error in the scoring of
offense variable (OV) 11.1 On remand, the trial court again sentenced defendant to 22 to 40
years’ imprisonment. A second appeal to this Court followed, and we again remanded for
resentencing because the trial court failed to address defendant’s challenges to the accuracy of
information contained in the presentence investigation report.2 On remand, the trial court
sentenced defendant to 20 to 40 years’ imprisonment. Defendant now appeals as of right.
Because defendant’s constitutional rights were not violated by judicial fact-finding related to the
scoring of the now advisory sentencing guidelines, we affirm.
On appeal, defendant’s only argument is that the trial court engaged in impermissible
judicial fact-finding by scoring OV 4 at 10 points and OV 10 at 10 points. Specifically,
defendant contends that the scoring of these variables was not supported by the jury’s verdict or
facts admitted by defendant. Further, defendant argues that the scoring of these variables
1
People v Broomfield, unpublished per curiam opinion of the Court of Appeals, issued April 8,
2014 (Docket No. 314353).
2
People v Broomfield, unpublished per curiam opinion of the Court of Appeals, issued July 26,
2016 (Docket No. 327199).
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increased the minimum sentencing range under the legislative guidelines. According to
defendant, in these circumstances, he has made a threshold showing of plain error under
Lockridge3 and he is entitled to a Crosby4 remand for possible resentencing. Defendant’s
argument lacks merit.
In Lockridge, our Supreme Court determined that Michigan’s legislative sentencing
guidelines violated the Sixth Amendment to the extent that “the guidelines require judicial fact-
finding beyond facts admitted by the defendant or found by the jury to score [OVs] that
mandatorily increase the floor of the guidelines minimum sentence range . . . .” Lockridge, 498
Mich. at 364. “What made the guidelines unconstitutional, in other words, was the combination
of the two mandates of judicial fact-finding and adherence to the guidelines.” People v
Steanhouse, 500 Mich. 453, 467; 902 NW2d 327 (2017). To remedy this defect, the Court held
that the guidelines were now “advisory only” and that certain defendants “sentenced under the
mandatory guidelines were entitled to Crosby remands for the trial court to determine whether it
would have imposed a materially different sentence if it had been aware that the guidelines were
not mandatory.” Id. at 461-462. Notably, in rendering the guidelines advisory, the Court did not
eliminate judicial fact-finding. See Lockridge, 498 Mich. at 392 n 28.
The constitutional evil addressed by the Lockridge Court was not judicial fact-
finding in and of itself, it was judicial fact-finding in conjunction with required
application of those found facts for purposes of increasing a mandatory minimum
sentence range. Lockridge remedied this constitutional violation by making the
guidelines advisory, not by eliminating judicial fact-finding. [People v Biddles,
316 Mich. App. 148, 158; 896 NW2d 461 (2016).]
Post-Lockridge, any resentencing must be conducted in accordance with Lockridge’s holding,
specifically the directive that the guidelines are now advisory only. Id. at 157.
Recognizing that “judicial fact-finding is proper, as long as the guidelines are advisory
only,” id.at 159, it is clear that defendant’s arguments are without merit. Quite simply, defendant
was not resentenced under mandatory sentencing guidelines, and thus any judicial fact-finding
relating to the OVs has no constitutional consequences. See id. at 160-161. More specifically, at
the most recent resentencing hearing, the trial court expressly stated on the record “that the
guidelines still appear to be accurate in this case but . . . they are advisory” (emphasis added).
Given the trial court’s express acknowledgement that the guidelines are advisory, there is no
merit to defendant’s contention that judicial fact-finding related to the scoring of OV 4 and OV
3
People v Lockridge, 498 Mich. 358; 870 NW2d 502 (2015).
4
United States v Crosby, 397 F3d 103 (CA 2 2005).
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10 violated his constitutional rights under Lockridge.5 Defendant has not shown any error. He is
not entitled to a Crosby remand, and he is not entitled to resentencing.
Affirmed.
/s/ Peter D. O’Connell
/s/ Joel P. Hoekstra
/s/ Brock A. Swartzle
5
Defendant’s argument is solely a constitutional judicial fact-finding challenge under Lockridge;
he does not raise an evidentiary challenge to the trial court’s scoring of OV 4 or OV 10. See
Biddles, 316 Mich. App. at 156.
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