People v. Baugh , 249 Mich. App. 125 ( 2002 )

641 N.W.2d 283 (2002) 249 Mich. App. 125

PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
Randy Lamont BAUGH, Defendant-Appellee.

Docket No. 225795.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted October 2, 2001, at Detroit. Decided January 4, 2002, 9:05 a.m. Released for Publication March 19, 2002.

Jennifer M. Granholm, Atty. Gen., Thomas L. Casey, Sol. Gen., David G. Gorcyca, Prosecuting Atty., and Joyce F. Todd, Chief, Appellate Div., for the people.

Ribitwer & Sabbota by James Sabbota, Bloomfield Hills, for defendant.

Before: BANDSTRA, C.J., and NEFF and O'CONNELL, JJ.

ON REMAND

O'CONNELL, J.

This case is before us on remand from our Supreme Court for reconsideration in light of People v. Glass (After Remand), 464 Mich. 266, 627 N.W.2d 261 (2001). 465 Mich. 863, 634 N.W.2d 353 (2001). In our first opinion, People v. Baugh, 243 Mich.App. 1, 6, 620 N.W.2d 653 (2000), we concluded that where a defendant is indicted by a grand jury, the indictment does not constrain the magistrate's subsequent bindover following a preliminary examination. However, in Glass, supra at 271, 627 N.W.2d 261, our Supreme Court ruled that a grand jury indictee does not possess the substantive right to a preliminary examination. On reconsideration, we vacate the information and remand the case to the circuit court.

The facts of this case were set forth in our earlier opinion.

A grand jury indicted defendant on February 25, 1999, and charged him with first-degree premeditated murder, M.C.L. § 750.316; M.S.A. § 28.548. At the preliminary examination on April 8, 1999, Daniel Franklin testified that he saw defendant shoot the victim. The victim had driven his automobile to the area to purchase drugs, and Franklin admitted that he was engaged in selling drugs at the time of the incident. Another witness, Derin Wilson, testified that he saw defendant struggle with the victim, but he denied seeing or hearing a gunshot. Wilson further testified that defendant returned to the house of Audrey Gordon after the struggle, and that defendant was holding a gun and crying. Gordon testified that she heard a gunshot after defendant went to the victim's automobile, but that she did not see the actual shooting. Gordon also testified that defendant came back to her house later that day, that she saw defendant with a gun, and that she heard defendant admit shooting someone.

At the close of the prosecution's proofs at the preliminary examination, defendant indicated that he did not intend to present any evidence. Thereafter, the prosecutor moved to bind over defendant on a charge of open murder, instead of first-degree premeditated murder. Defendant objected and argued that the prosecutor failed to present evidence of first-degree premeditated murder and that the prosecutor could only charge him with second-degree murder. The district court ruled that the prosecution failed to show premeditation in accordance with the grand jury indictment. The district court determined that it was bound to follow the indictment and consider only first-degree premeditated murder, M.C.L. § 750.316(1)(a); M.S.A. § 28.548(1)(a), or the lesser included offense of second-degree murder, M.C.L. § 750.317; M.S.A. § 28.549. On the basis of its finding that the prosecutor failed to show premeditation, the district court denied the prosecutor's motion and bound defendant over on a charge of second-degree murder.

On February 4, 2000, the prosecutor filed a motion in the Oakland Circuit Court to amend the charge of second-degree murder to open murder, contending that the district court erred as a matter of law in denying the motion to bind over defendant on the open murder charge. In contrast, defendant argued that the district court properly reduced the charge to second-degree murder. Defendant further contended that the circuit court could not change the substance of the charge because the proper procedure was for the prosecutor to seek appellate review of the district court's ruling, not a motion to amend. Defendant also asserted that he received no notice that he would have to defend against open murder at the preliminary examination and that, had he known, his defense would have been different. The trial court denied the motion without explanation. This Court then granted the prosecutor's application for leave to appeal. [Baugh, supra at 2-4, 620 N.W.2d 653.]

After we issued our first decision, defendant sought leave to appeal in the Supreme Court. In lieu of granting leave to appeal, the Supreme Court remanded to this Court for reconsideration in light of Glass, supra.

In Glass, our Supreme Court addressed its earlier decision in People v. Duncan, 388 Mich. 489, 201 N.W.2d 629 (1972). In Duncan, the Court exercised its "inherent power ... to deal with ... matter[s] of criminal procedure" to hold that a grand jury indictee is entitled to a preliminary examination. Id. at 502, 201 N.W.2d 629. However, the Glass Court concluded that by rendering such a holding, the Duncan Court "exceed[ed] th[e] [Supreme] Court's rulemaking authority." Glass, supra at 282, 627 N.W.2d 261. Justice Weaver, writing for the majority, explained:

The establishment of the right to a preliminary examination is more than a matter of procedure and beyond the powers vested in the Court by Const. 1963, art. 6, § 5; it is a matter of public policy for the legislative branch. Shannon v. Ottawa Circuit Judge, 245 Mich. 220, 222, 222 N.W. 168 (1928); People v. Piasecki [333 Mich. 122, 143, 52 N.W.2d 626 (1952)]; Glancy v. Roseville, 457 Mich. 580, 590, 577 N.W.2d 897 (1998). Duncan and MCR 6.112(B) are also inconsistent with M.C.L. § 767.2, which provides for equivalency in the law between indictments and informations.

We reverse Duncan, insofar as it afforded indictees the right to a preliminary examination. [Glass, supra at 282-283, 627 N.W.2d 261.]^[1]

In our earlier opinion, we reversed and remanded to the district court on the basis of error at the preliminary examination following defendant's indictment by the grand jury. However, our Supreme Court's opinion in Glass, id. at 283, 627 N.W.2d 261, makes it abundantly clear that defendant did not have the substantive right to a preliminary examination following his indictment by the grand jury. Consequently, any issue pertaining to error arising from the preliminary examination is now moot. This Court generally will not review a moot issue. Jackson v. Thompson-McCully Co., LLC, 239 Mich.App. 482, 493, 608 N.W.2d 531 (2000). Further, the information filed in the circuit court charging defendant with second-degree murder, M.C.L. § 750.317, is null and void because it followed from the magistrate's bindover after the preliminary examination. M.C.L. § 767.42(1); People v. Hunt, 442 Mich. 359, 362, 501 N.W.2d 151 (1993) ("It is the bindover, or waiver, that authorizes the prosecution to file an information against the defendant in circuit court"); People v. Johnson, 427 Mich. 98, 105, 398 N.W.2d 219 (1986) (opinion of Boyle, J.). Moreover, like the information in Glass, supra at 283, 627 N.W.2d 261, the information in the instant case was filed pursuant to the "invalid scheme set forth in MCR 6.112(B) that purported to allow an indictment to substitute for a complaint."^[2] Accordingly, where the information is null and void, "[t]his case stands filed in the circuit court on the grand jury indictment." Glass, supra at 283, 627 N.W.2d 261.

Information vacated and case remanded to the circuit court for proceedings consistent with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.

NOTES

[1] The Supreme Court also rejected Duncan's implementing court rules, MCR 6.110, 6.112(B). Glass, supra at 271, 279, 283, 627 N.W.2d 261.

[2] As was the case in Glass, supra at 283, 627 N.W.2d 261, the present record does not contain a "complaint stating the substance of the accusation or reasonable cause to believe ... [defendant] committed the offense as required by M.C.L. § 764.1d, nor was there a preliminary examination on a complaint as required by M.C.L. § 767.42."