People v. Hendrix , 263 Mich. App. 18 ( 2004 )

688 N.W.2d 838 (2004) 263 Mich. App. 18

PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
Todd Andrew HENDRIX, Defendant-Appellee.

Docket No. 245354.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted April 14, 2004, at Lansing. Decided July 8, 2004, at 9:05 a.m. Released for Publication September 29, 2004.

Michael A. Cox, Attorney General, Thomas L. Casey, Solicitor General, David L. Morse, Prosecuting Attorney, and William J. Vailliencourt, Jr., Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.

Howard S. Siegrist, West Bloomfield, for the defendant on appeal.

Before: BANDSTRA, P.J., and SAWYER and FITZGERALD, JJ.

BANDSTRA, J.

Defendant pleaded guilty of operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of liquor (OUIL), third offense, in violation of MCL 257.625(1), and driving while his license was suspended (DWLS), second offense, in violation of MCL 257.904(3)(a). He was sentenced to one year probation to be served in the county jail. This Court denied the people's application for leave to appeal. However, our Supreme Court remanded the case to this Court for consideration as on leave granted. We affirm.

Defendant's sentencing guidelines range was 0 to 11 months. However, during the sentencing hearing, the prosecutor requested that the trial court sentence defendant to the jurisdiction of the Michigan Department of Corrections (MDOC) for 1 to 5 years pursuant to MCL 257.625(8)(c), now MCL 257.625(9)(c). The prosecutor explained to the trial court that it would not be departing from the guidelines by imposing the mandatory minimum listed in the statute. The trial court disagreed, noting that, because MCL 257.625(8)(c) lists alternative sentences for a violation, the statute does not give a "true" statutory minimum. Ultimately, the trial court sentenced defendant to one year probation to be served in the county jail with credit for 135 days.

Statutory interpretation is a question of law that is reviewed de novo on appeal. People v. Davis, 468 Mich. 77, 79, 658 N.W.2d 800 (2003). The Legislature is presumed to have intended the meaning it plainly expressed. People v. Petty, 469 Mich. 108, 114, 665 N.W.2d 443 (2003). If the plain and ordinary meaning of the language is clear, judicial construction is normally neither necessary nor permitted. People v. Philabaun, 461 Mich. 255, 261, 602 N.W.2d 371 (1999). The imposition of a sentence is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. People v. Sexton, 250 Mich. App. 211, 227, 646 N.W.2d 875 (2002).

MCL 769.34(2)(a) states in part:

If the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.1 to 257.923, mandates a minimum sentence for an individual sentenced to the jurisdiction of the department of corrections and the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.1 to 257.923, authorizes the sentencing judge to impose a sentence that is less than that minimum sentence, imposing a sentence that exceeds the recommended sentence range but is less than the mandatory minimum sentence is not a departure under this section.[^[1]]

The Michigan Vehicle Code, at MCL 257.625(8)(c) states:

If the [OUIL] violation occurs within 10 years of 2 or more prior convictions, the person is guilty of a felony and shall be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than $500.00 or more than $5,000.00 and to either of the following:

(i) Imprisonment under the jurisdiction of the department of corrections for not less than 1 year or more than 5 years.

(ii) Probation with imprisonment in the county jail for not less than 30 days or more than 1 year and community service for not less than 60 days or more than 180 days. Not less than 48 hours of the imprisonment imposed under this subparagraph shall be served consecutively. [Emphasis added.]

This is plainly the kind of sentencing scheme referenced in MCL 769.34(2). MCL 257.625(8)(c)(i) mandates that, for any person imprisoned under the jurisdiction of the Department of Corrections, the minimum term is one year. Thus, that statutory provision "mandates a minimum sentence" for persons who are "sentenced to the jurisdiction of the department of corrections" under MCL 769.34(2)(a). However, as further provided in MCL 769.34(2), the statute also "authorizes the sentencing judge to impose a sentence that is less than that minimum sentence," i.e., the probation, county jail imprisonment, and community service penalties of MCL 257.625(8)(c)(ii).

Contrary to the people's argument, nothing in either of these statutes required the trial judge to impose a minimum one year sentence under the jurisdiction of the Department of Corrections. Had the trial court exercised the discretion afforded by MCL 257.625(8)(c) to impose sentence under the jurisdiction of the department of corrections, the mandatory minimum sentence would have been one year under MCL 257.625(8)(c)(i). However, the trial court exercised its discretion to choose the other option afforded by MCL 257.625(8)(c)(ii) and sentenced defendant to one year of probation in the county jail.

We conclude that the sentence imposed was not in violation of the statute or otherwise an abuse of discretion. Further, even though defendant's sentencing guidelines range went up to only eleven months, the imposition of the one year sentence, equal to the mandatory minimum of Department of Corrections imprisonment specified in MCL 257.625(8)(c)(i), was "not a departure" under MCL 769.34(2)(a).

We affirm.

NOTES

[1] The people rely on earlier language in MCL 769.34(2)(a) that provides that "[i]f a statute mandates a minimum sentence for an individual sentenced to the jurisdiction of the department of corrections, the court shall impose sentence in accordance with that statute. Imposing a mandatory minimum sentence is not a departure under this section." However, that language is inapplicable here because MCL 257.625(8)(c) does not simply impose a minimum sentence; it also authorizes the sentencing judge to impose a sentence that is less than that minimum sentence. For that reason, and also because the Michigan Vehicle Code is at issue here, we conclude that the portion of MCL 769.34(2)(a) that we analyze here is applicable. We further note that MCL 769.34(4)(a), which authorizes a department of corrections sentence rather than an intermediate sanction, such as was imposed here, is not at issue here. The people do not argue there was any "substantial and compelling reason," as required by that section, to impose such a greater sentence.