People of Michigan v. Matthew John Scotton ( 2017 )

STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, UNPUBLISHED
May 11, 2017
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v No. 332864
Charlevoix Circuit Court
MATTHEW JOHN SCOTTON, LC No. 13-014711-FC
Defendant-Appellant.
Before: SAWYER, P.J., and MURRAY and GLEICHER, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
A jury convicted defendant of first-degree criminal sexual conduct, felonious assault, and
domestic violence after he attacked his long-term girlfriend. In a previous appeal, we rejected
defendant’s challenges to the scoring of various offense and prior record variables, but remanded
pursuant to People v Lockridge, 498 Mich. 358; 870 NW2d 502 (2015), and Crosby v United
States, 397 F3d 103 (CA 2, 2005), because OV 11 had been scored based on judge-found facts.
People v Scotton, unpublished opinion per curiam of the Court of Appeals, issued November 24,
2015 (Docket Nos. 321370; 325372), unpub op at 5-9. On remand, the trial court reaffirmed the
earlier imposed sentences. Defendant now raises a new challenge to the scoring of OV 11.
Defendant waived this argument by failing to raise it in the initial appeal. In any event, we
discern no error and affirm.
I. PROCEEDINGS FOLLOWING REMAND
Following our 2015 decision, defendant filed an application for leave to appeal to the
Michigan Supreme Court. The Supreme Court held defendant’s application in abeyance pending
its decision in People v Comer, 312 Mich. App. 538; 879 NW2d 306 (2015). People v Scotton,
___ Mich ___; 885 NW2d 467 (2016). The Supreme Court’s decision could affect only
defendant’s challenge to the lifetime electronic monitoring provision of his judgment of
sentence. It therefore does not interfere with our resolution of the current appeal.
On remand in the trial court, defendant filed a sentencing memorandum, claiming for the
first time that the trial court improperly scored OV 11 based on a second CSC charge of which
he was acquitted. The trial court acknowledged that the 25-point assessment for OV 11 was
based on judicial fact-finding and that the addition of these points increased defendant’s
minimum sentencing guidelines range from 51 to 85 months to 81 to 135 months. However,
“[t]he [c]ourt determine[d] that it would not have imposed a different sentence knowing that the
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guidelines range is now advisory pursuant to” Lockridge. The trial court did not specifically
address defendant’s new challenge to OV 11.
II. ANALYSIS
Defendant now challenges the scoring of OV 11 and the length of his sentences. He
contends that his sentences are disproportionate because he “is not the sort of defendant who
requires nor deserves an excess of incarceration. . . .” However, his proportionality challenge is
based entirely on his claim that the trial court improperly scored OV 11 based on conduct
underlying a charge for which he was acquitted by the jury.
Defendant was charged with various offenses arising out of the physical and sexual
assault of his girlfriend, DK, over August 27 and 28, 2013. The jury convicted defendant of one
count of CSC-I for forceful penile-oral penetration causing injury. The jury acquitted defendant
of a second count of CSC-I based on an act of penile-vaginal penetration later in the night.
Defendant claimed at trial that this act was consensual. DK testified that she was frightened and
only complied in the intercourse to prevent further violence.
When imposing sentence, the trial court assessed 25 points for OV 11, which requires the
court to “[s]core all sexual penetration of the victim by the offender arising out of the sentencing
offense.” MCL 777.41(2)(a). The court found by a preponderance of the evidence that the
penile-vaginal penetration had occurred and arose out of the sentencing offense—forced penile-
oral penetration—supporting a 25-point score under MCL 777.41(1)(b) (“One criminal sexual
penetration occurred.”). See MCL 777.41(2)(c) (instructing courts not to score the penetration
upon which the CSC-I charge is based).
In his first appeal, defendant contended only that the second penetration did not arise out
of the sentencing offense. We rejected that challenge, holding that “[t]he penetration that
occurred at 3:00 a.m. arose out of the sentencing offense because it occurred as part of a
continuous sequence of criminal acts that were more than just incidentally related to each other.”
Scotton, unpub op at 8. In remanding for resentencing, we acknowledged that the trial court
based the OV 11 score on conduct underlying a charge of which defendant had been acquitted.
We did not hold this improper, but remanded because the judge was required to independently
find that defendant had committed the act. Id. at 8-9.
Defendant now claims that the scoring of OV 11 was improper because it required the
trial court to score points for an offense of which defendant had been acquitted by a jury.
However, defendant waived this issue by not raising it in the first appeal.
“[T]he principles of res judicata require that a party bring in the initial appeal all issues
which were then present and could have and should have been raised,” and the failure to do so
results in abandonment of the challenge. VanderWall v Midkiff, 186 Mich. App. 191, 201-202;
463 NW2d 219 (1990). Here, defendant did not raise this challenge to the scoring of OV 11 in
his initial appeal as of right or in his application for leave to appeal our prior opinion to the
Supreme Court. Defendant has thereby waived or abandoned his challenge. He cannot now seek
relief at this late stage of the proceedings.
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In any event, defendant can establish no error. “Although a trial court may not make an
independent finding of guilt with respect to a crime for which a defendant has been acquitted,
and then sentence the defendant on the basis of that finding, the court in fashioning an
appropriate sentence may consider the evidence offered at trial, including other criminal
activities established even though the defendant was acquitted of the charges . . . .” People v
Compagnari, 233 Mich. App. 233, 236; 590 NW2d 302 (1998). As found by four out of five
justices considering the issue in People v Ewing, 435 Mich. 443; 458 NW2d 880 (1990), “such
conduct could be taken into account at sentencing because an acquittal does not necessarily mean
that the defendant did not engage in criminal conduct, but only demonstrates a lack of proof
beyond a reasonable doubt.” People v Harris, 190 Mich. App. 652, 663; 476 NW2d 767 (1991).
See People v Hardy, 494 Mich. 430, 438; 835 NW2d 340 (2013) (holding that a scoring decision
need only be supported by the lesser preponderance-of-the-evidence burden). “A trial court may
consider facts concerning uncharged offenses, pending charges, and even acquittals, provided
that the defendant is afforded the opportunity to challenge the information and, if challenged, it
is substantiated by a preponderance of the evidence.” People v Golba, 273 Mich. App. 603, 614;
729 NW2d 916 (2007) (emphasis added). And as more recently reasoned in People v Stokes,
312 Mich. App. 181, 194; 877 NW2d 752 (2015), the only error emanating from the trial court’s
reliance on conduct underlying an acquitted charge was that the court engaged in fact-finding,
leading to an increase in the defendant’s minimum sentencing guidelines range, without
recognizing that the guidelines should be advisory.
Here, the trial court was already warned that the guidelines are advisory and, in light of
its reliance on judicially found facts, that it must determine “whether it would have imposed a
different sentence.” Scotton, unpub op at 8. The trial court expressly indicated “that it would not
have imposed a different sentence.” The court found by a preponderance of the evidence that
one sexual penetration occurred, in addition to the penetration underlying the sentencing offense,
to support it score for OV 11. There is no further error for this Court to remedy.
We affirm.
/s/ David H. Sawyer
/s/ Christopher M. Murray
/s/ Elizabeth L. Gleicher
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