People of Michigan v. Baldomero Rubio-Martinez ( 2020 )

If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, UNPUBLISHED
April 23, 2020
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v No. 346101
Kent Circuit Court
BALDOMERO RUBIO-MARTINEZ, LC No. 17-010155-FC
Defendant-Appellant.
Before: MARKEY, P.J., and JANSEN and BOONSTRA, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Defendant appeals by right his jury-trial convictions of two counts of first-degree criminal
sexual conduct (CSC-I), MCL 750.520b(2)(b), and two counts of second-degree criminal sexual
conduct (CSC-II), MCL 750c(2)(b). The trial court sentenced defendant to concurrent prison terms
of 25 to 40 years for his two CSC-I convictions and 3 to 15 years for his two CSC-II convictions.
We affirm.
I. PERTINENT FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Defendant was accused of sexually abusing his girlfriend’s daughter, JVE, and JVE’s
cousin, PG. JVE reported, and later testified, that defendant touched her sexually on two occasions
when she was seven years old, both times digitally penetrating her vagina as well as touching her
stomach and legs under her clothes. PG reported, and later testified, that when she was eleven
years old, while spending the night at JVE’s house, defendant touched her chest and legs above
the clothes and pressed his genital area against her in one incident and touched her buttocks and
legs above her clothes in another incident.
During trial, defense counsel questioned both children’s mothers concerning their status as
undocumented immigrants, and about whether they were using these sexual assault allegations to
obtain a “U-Visa.” Defense counsel called a Michigan immigration attorney to testify regarding
U-Visas, which are visas issued under the federal Violence Against Women Act that provide
special relief to “allow[] people [who] have been victims of certain types of crime . . . to stay in
the United States.” They also allow both direct and indirect victims a path to gain legal status in
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the United States. Defendant’s theory of the case was that these assaults had been fabricated in
order to obtain such visas.
The prosecution called Gretchen Knight-Dennis of the Children’s Advocacy Center as a
rebuttal witness to testify about when the minor children’s mothers found out about U-Visas. The
following colloquy took place between the prosecution and Knight-Dennis:
The Prosecution: So getting exactly to my point is did you ever have a
conversation with either family about a U-Visa?
Knight-Dennis: Yes, I did.
The Prosecution: And can you please tell the jury when that conversation
first takes place, the first time it was ever mentioned?
Knight-Dennis: The first time it was ever mentioned was in one of our
sessions between November 1st and November 29th.
The Prosecution: It would have been in November of 2017?
Knight-Dennis: Correct.
The Prosecution: Is that a topic that was brought up by yourself or by
someone else?
Knight-Dennis: By myself.
The Prosecution: Can you please explain to the jury why you did that?
Knight-Dennis: Yes. From the very beginning, the family had expressed or had
reported that they had been having—receiving threats from the offender’s family, and
they just were very—
Following this statement, defense counsel immediately objected on grounds of hearsay. He also
moved for a mistrial based on the prejudicial effect of the testimony. The trial court removed the
jury to consider defendant’s arguments, and sustained the objection but denied defense counsel’s
request for a mistrial. The trial court provided a detailed instruction to the jury, ordering it to
disregard the testimony about “threats from the family.”
The jury convicted defendant as discussed. This appeal followed.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
“This Court reviews for an abuse of discretion the trial court’s decision to deny a
defendant’s motion for a mistrial. The trial court abuses its discretion when its decision falls
outside the range of [reasonable and] principled outcomes.” People v Lane, 308 Mich. App. 38, 60;
862 NW2d 446 (2014). We review for an abuse of discretion a trial court’s decision whether to
admit evidence. Id. at 51.
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III. ANALYSIS
Defendant argues that Knight-Dennis’s testimony was inadmissible hearsay, was
irrelevant, and was unfairly prejudicial, and therefore should not have been admitted. However,
defendant’s argument is meritless for the simple reason that the trial court did not allow the
testimony to be admitted into evidence and in fact sustained defendant’s objection and ordered that
the jury disregard the testimony. The trial court gave a very thorough and explanatory jury
instruction explaining why such testimony was inadmissible. “Jurors are presumed to follow their
instructions, and instructions are presumed to cure most errors.” People v Mesik (On
Reconsideration), 285 Mich. App. 535, 542; 775 NW2d 857 (2009) (quotation marks and citation
omitted). For these reasons, defendant’s argument fails.
Moreover, even if we read defendant’s argument on appeal as being that the trial court
erred by declining to grant a mistrial, defendant has not provided any supporting caselaw. “An
appellant may not merely announce his position and leave it to this Court to discover and
rationalize the basis for his claims, nor may he give only cursory treatment with little or no citation
of supporting authority.” People v Kelly, 231 Mich. App. 627, 640-641; 588 NW2d 480 (1998).
Defendant has therefore abandoned the issue. See People v Harris, 261 Mich. App. 44, 50; 680
NW2d 17 (2004).
Although defendant has not raised, or has abandoned, the argument that the trial court erred
by denying a mistrial, we note in any event that Knight-Dennis’s testimony “constituted an isolated
comment that was not repeated or explored further.” People v Waclawski, 286 Mich. App. 634,
709; 780 NW2d 321 (2009) (affirming the trial court’s denial of the defendant’s request for a new
trial on the basis that unsolicited, “irrelevant,” and “inflammatory” testimony “constituted an
isolated comment” and was not repeated or explored). “[N]ot every instance of mention before a
jury of some inappropriate subject matter warrants a mistrial. Specifically, an unresponsive,
volunteered answer to a proper question is not grounds for the granting of a mistrial.” Id. at 710
(quotation marks and citation omitted; alteration in original). Moreover, a trial court may alleviate
any possible prejudice to a defendant by providing “a comprehensive curative instruction.” Id.
The testimony in question in this case was comprised of an unresponsive, volunteered answer to a
proper question. Moreover, the trial court gave a comprehensive curative jury instruction.
Therefore, even if defendant had raised such an argument, under these circumstances we would
find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s denial of defendant’s motion for a mistrial. Lane,
308 Mich. App. at 60.
Affirmed.
/s/ Jane E. Markey
/s/ Kathleen Jansen
/s/ Mark T. Boonstra
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