In Re dowell/mitchell Minors ( 2023 )


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  •              If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
    revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.
    STATE OF MICHIGAN
    COURT OF APPEALS
    UNPUBLISHED
    In re DOWELL/MITCHELL, Minors.                                        December 21, 2023
    No. 365412
    Kent Circuit Court
    Family Division
    LC Nos. 21-051329-NA;
    21-051330-NA
    Before: RIORDAN, P.J., and MURRAY and M. J. KELLY, JJ.
    PER CURIAM.
    Respondent appeals as of right the trial court order terminating her parental rights to her
    children, MD and WM, under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i), MCL 712A.19b(3)(g), and MCL
    712A.19b(3)(i). Because there are no errors warranting reversal, we affirm.
    I. BASIC FACTS
    In August 2021, petitioner, the Department of Health and Human Services, filed a petition
    asking the court to take jurisdiction over MD and WM and to terminate respondent’s parental
    rights. Petitioner alleged that previously, in Iowa, respondent’s parental rights to an older child
    had been voluntarily terminated due to concerns of physical abuse, that her parental rights to
    another child had been involuntarily terminated due in part to mental-health concerns, and that her
    parental rights to a third child had been voluntarily terminated as a result of respondent’s continued
    mental-health concerns, domestic violence, criminal behaviors, and multiple unhealthy
    relationships with men. Subsequently, MD was made a temporary ward of the court in 2016
    because of respondent’s mental-health and concerns of environmental instability, and was
    successfully reunified with respondent. The August 2021 petition alleged that respondent had
    been investigated in April 2021 due to concerns of improper supervision and physical neglect. In
    particular, respondent had left MD and WM in the care of unsuitable individuals, including a man
    with a conviction of second-degree criminal sexual conduct on a person under the age of 13, a
    woman on the central registry for child abuse, and a woman (married to a convicted child sex
    offender) with an ongoing Child Protective Services (CPS) case relating to methamphetamine use.
    Eventually, MD would disclose that she had been sexually assaulted. The petition further alleged
    that respondent had an ongoing history of substance abuse, including the abuse of marijuana,
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    cocaine, and fentanyl. She had left a substance-abuse treatment facility against medical advice,
    and she also had mental-health issues, including a hospitalization for “suicidal ideation with a
    plan.”
    Respondent entered a plea of admission to the allegations in the petition. However, the
    goal was changed from termination to reunification. Based upon respondent’s plea of admission,
    the trial court took jurisdiction over the children, and a case services plan was established. The
    identified barriers to reunification included substance abuse, emotional stability, employment,
    housing, and parenting skills. Respondent was provided with weekly random drug screens,
    substance-abuse therapy, mental-health counseling, a parent-engagement coach, case management
    services, a recovery coach to aid in substance-abuse relapse recovery, a woman’s support group,
    and supervised parenting time. Her participation was inconsistent, in part because, during the case,
    she moved from Grand Rapids to Lansing and had to reestablish services in her new area.
    Additionally, she continued, throughout the proceedings, to test positive for marijuana. She stated
    that her marijuana use was for pain management, but she also acknowledged using it as a coping
    mechanism. Respondent also had multiple relapses where in which she abused cocaine. Housing
    and employment remained concerns throughout the case. Moreover, during parenting time,
    respondent sometimes engaged in rough play with the children, did not pay them equal attention,
    discussed plans for them to return to living with her, and would take photographs of their ears and
    feet that led the children to believe that there was something wrong with them.
    As a result of respondent’s lack of progress in rectifying the barriers preventing
    reunification, petitioner filed a supplemental petition seeking termination of respondent’s parental
    rights. The hearing was initially scheduled for December 2022; however, because respondent
    appeared to be making progress, the hearing was adjourned for 90 days. Subsequently, in March
    2023, the termination hearing was held. Following the hearing, the trial court found by clear and
    convincing evidence that termination of respondent’s parental rights was warranted under MCL
    712A.19b(3)(c)(i), (g), and (i). It also found by a preponderance of the evidence that termination
    of respondent’s parental rights would be in the best interests of MD and WM. Therefore, it entered
    an order terminating respondent’s parental rights. This appeal by right follows.
    II. STATUTORY GROUNDS
    A. STANDARD OF REVIEW
    Respondent argues that the trial court clearly erred by finding statutory grounds to
    terminate her parental rights. A trial court’s finding of statutory grounds for termination of a
    parent’s parental rights is reviewed for clear error. In re BZ, 
    264 Mich App 286
    , 296; 
    690 NW2d 505
     (2004). “A finding of fact is clearly erroneous if the reviewing court has a definite and firm
    conviction that a mistake has been committed, giving due regard to the trial court’s special
    opportunity to observe the witnesses.” 
    Id. at 296-297
    .
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    B. ANALYSIS
    The trial court found statutory grounds to terminate respondent’s parental rights under
    MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i), (g), and (i). Termination is warranted under subdivision (c)(i) if:
    (c) The parent was a respondent in a proceeding brought under this chapter,
    182 or more days have elapsed since the issuance of an initial dispositional order,
    and the court, by clear and convincing evidence, finds . . . :
    (i) The conditions that led to the adjudication continue to exist and there is
    no reasonable likelihood that the conditions will be rectified within a reasonable
    time considering the child’s age.
    Termination under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i) is proper when “the totality of the evidence amply
    supports that [respondent] had not accomplished any meaningful change in the conditions existing
    by the time of the adjudication.” In re Williams, 
    286 Mich App 253
    , 272; 
    779 NW2d 286
     (2009).
    In this case, the initial dispositional order was entered in 2021 and the termination hearing was
    held in 2023. Thus, more than 182 days had elapsed.
    Next, the conditions that led to adjudication were respondent’s substance abuse, emotional
    instability, housing, employment, and parenting skills. As noted above, respondent was provided
    with a number of services to rectify those barriers. Substance abuse, however, remained a problem.
    Indeed, throughout the proceedings respondent continued to test positive for marijuana.
    Respondent complains on appeal that it is improper to consider her marijuana use because
    marijuana is legal in Michigan. Yet, the record in this case reflects that respondent was diagnosed
    with severe cannabis use disorder and it was recommended that she refrain from marijuana use.
    Additionally, there were concerns that using marijuana in combination with respondent’s
    prescription medications could lead to a negative reaction which would cause a type of psychosis.
    The caseworker also expressed that marijuana was a concern because respondent was using it as a
    coping method when she felt stressed. Given the record, therefore, although marijuana is legal in
    Michigan, respondent’s use of it raised legitimate concerns regarding her ability to safely parent
    her children.
    Moreover, even if her marijuana use were not considered, the record also reflects that
    respondent continued to abuse cocaine. During the proceedings, she admitted to relapsing and
    using cocaine on multiple occasions. Indeed, in the month before the termination hearing—after
    she had received over 16 months of substance-abuse services—respondent tested positive for
    cocaine on two occasions. As with respondent’s marijuana use, respondent reported that she used
    cocaine as a coping method. Respondent’s substance-abuse therapist testified that respondent was
    making progress with her substance abuse and had, to her credit, immediately admitted her relapses
    and that she “does well in asking for help.” However, the caseworker opined that because
    respondent had “gone six or seven or eight months with being sober,” she would “need to see at
    least a year to a year-and-a-half of sobriety consistently before we would think about returning the
    children home just because of her consistent relapses after long periods of time.” Given that the
    children had already been in care for approximately 18 months, the record supports the trial court’s
    finding that respondent’s substance-abuse barrier had not been rectified and that there was no
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    reasonable likelihood that it would be rectified within a reasonable time considering the children’s
    ages.
    With respect to respondent’s mental-health barrier, the caseworker explained that
    respondent’s participation in services varied throughout the duration of this case. She sometimes
    participated fully and other times she was “very inconsistent with her participation.” The
    caseworker further explained that respondent expressed “that she does have some mental-health
    concerns for herself, as well as things that she wants to address in therapy. I know that through
    her therapists they continue to work on goals such as coping skills and appropriate communication,
    as well as working through her past.” Respondent’s substance-abuse therapist further testified that
    they continued to work on respondent’s coping skills, including the use of coping skills that did
    not involve the use of marijuana. Finally, the record reflects that respondent attributed her most
    recent use of cocaine to being lonely, which allows for an inference that her mental-health struggles
    were ongoing. On this record, the trial court did not clearly err by finding that this barrier to
    reunification had not been rectified. Further, given the lengthy period during which respondent
    received services and her inconsistent participation in those services, the court did not clearly err
    by finding that there was not a reasonable likelihood that she would rectify the conditions within
    a reasonable time.
    The court also did not err by finding that respondent’s parenting skills continued to be a
    barrier to reunification. The caseworker noted that respondent had been offered 94 parenting time
    visits. She missed approximately nine, due to weather or illness. She also had the aid of a
    supportive visitation coach and completed a trauma-informed parenting class. Despite her fairly
    consistent attendance at parenting time and participation in the support services, concerns
    remained regarding her interactions with the children and their reactions to the parenting time.
    The caseworker explained that there continued to be a concern with forced affection and
    boundaries—respondent would tickle or hug the children “for long periods of time to the point
    where they are saying no, or wanting to get down.” Further, respondent had taken photographs of
    the children’s “fingernails or ears. And so sometimes that can cause the children to think that
    something is wrong with them, or that that is more detrimental to their health than what is perceived
    by adults.” The caseworker further testified that there were some issues with respondent talking
    about when the children would return to her home.
    In sum, although respondent participated (inconsistently) in the services offered and made
    some progress toward remedying the conditions that led to the adjudication, the trial court did not
    clearly err by finding that she continued to have substance-abuse problems, issues with her
    emotional stability, and problems with her parenting skills. Given the children’s young ages, the
    length of time that they had been in care, and respondent’s lack of progress despite her participation
    in services aimed at rectifying the barriers, the court did not clearly err by finding that it was not
    reasonably likely for her to rectify the barriers within a reasonable time.1
    1
    We need not address the additional ground for termination. See In re HRC, 
    286 Mich App 444
    , 461; 
    781 NW2d 105
     (2009) (“Having concluded that at least one ground for termination
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    III. BEST INTERESTS
    A. STANDARD OF REVIEW
    Respondent next argues that the trial court erred by finding by a preponderance of the
    evidence that termination of her parental rights was in the best interests of MD and WM. We
    review for clear error a trial court’s finding that termination of a parent’s parental rights is in the
    best interests of the children. In re Jones, 
    286 Mich App 126
    , 129; 
    777 NW2d 728
     (2009).
    B. ANALYSIS
    “In deciding whether termination is in the child’s best interests, the court may consider the
    child’s bond to the parent, the parent’s parenting ability, the child’s need for permanency, stability,
    and finality, and the advantages of a foster home over the parent’s home.” In re Olive/Metts
    Minors, 
    297 Mich App 35
    , 41-42; 
    823 NW2d 144
     (2012) (citations omitted). “The trial court may
    also consider a parent’s history of domestic violence, the parent’s compliance with his or her case
    service plan, the parent’s visitation history with the child, the children’s well-being while in care,
    and the possibility of adoption.” In re White, 
    303 Mich App 701
    , 714; 
    846 NW2d 61
     (2014). At
    the best-interest stage of the proceeding, the trial court’s focus is on the child, not the parent. In
    re Moss, 
    301 Mich App 76
    , 88; 
    836 NW2d 182
     (2012).
    In this case, the trial court found that the children needed stability and permanency. The
    court noted the 18-month wait that they had already endured was “enough for them” and that the
    same period should have been enough for respondent. The court added:
    I wasn’t around when they gave you the extra 90 days, but I think [the
    lawyer-guardian ad litem’s] point is just right on the money. If you know that
    something is coming in 90 days, you’re going to—you’re going to be the best you
    possibly can. You’re going to put your best foot forward and you’re going to do
    all those kinds of things. And two cocaine’s isn’t it. The relapse isn’t it. The losses
    of jobs isn’t it. The potential problem with income to be able to support yourself
    plus two kids. All those things are in jeopardy even though progress, as
    [respondent’s lawyer] was very good to point out for you, is happening. It’s just
    not happening enough for them. The pendulum is swinging if you will in their
    direction, at least from what I’m seeing in the evidence today.
    On appeal, respondent argues that the trial court failed to consider her bond with the
    children. Yet, the record reflects that the bond had deteriorated as the case continued, and that
    they had developed a strong bond with their foster parents. Indeed, they were thriving in their
    foster placement, and their foster parents were willing to adopt. Moreover, although the court did
    not make explicit findings regarding the children’s bond with respondent (or with their foster
    existed, we need not consider the additional grounds upon which the trial court based its
    decision.”).
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    parents), such findings are not mandatory. Rather, the bond between a parent and a child is only
    one factor that a court may consider when making best-interests findings.
    Respondent also contends that the trial court did not separately address the best interests
    of MD and WM. Generally, a trial court “has a duty to decide the best interests of each child
    individually.” In re Olive/Metts Minors, 297 Mich App at 42. However, the court’s failure to do
    so does not require reversal when the best interests of the children do not significantly differ. In
    re White, 303 Mich App at 715-716. In this case, the children were in the same placement and
    neither of them had significant needs that were different from one another; therefore, the trial court
    did not fail by making redundant factual findings as to each child.
    We conclude that, on this record, the trial court did not clearly err by finding that
    termination of respondent’s parental rights was in the best interests of MD and WM.
    Affirmed.
    /s/ Michael J. Riordan
    /s/ Christopher M. Murray
    /s/ Michael J. Kelly
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Document Info

Docket Number: 365412

Filed Date: 12/21/2023

Precedential Status: Non-Precedential

Modified Date: 12/22/2023