State of Minnesota v. Michael Devon Jarmon ( 2015 )

This opinion will be unpublished and
may not be cited except as provided by
Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA
IN COURT OF APPEALS
A15-0161
State of Minnesota,
Respondent,
vs.
Michael Devon Jarmon,
Appellant.
Filed November 9, 2015
Affirmed
Reilly, Judge
Scott County District Court
File No. 70-CR-13-13827
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Ronald Hocevar, Scott County Attorney, Todd P. Zettler, Assistant County Attorney,
Shakopee, Minnesota (for respondent)
Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, Frank R. Gallo, Assistant Public
Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Reilly, Presiding Judge; Schellhas, Judge; and
Stoneburner, Judge.*
*
Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to
Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
REILLY, Judge
Appellant Michael Jarmon challenges his convictions of second-degree murder
and second-degree assault, arguing the district court erred in (1) sentencing him to the
maximum presumptive sentence possible under the sentencing guidelines, (2) calculating
his criminal-history score, (3) accepting his guilty plea, and (4) improperly inserting itself
into the plea negotiations, and on the ground that he received ineffective assistance of
counsel. Because the district court did not err in accepting appellant’s plea or in
sentencing him and did not insert itself into the plea negotiations, and because appellant
did not meet his burden of proof in showing that his counsel was ineffective, we affirm.
FACTS
On April 18, 2013, appellant Michael Jarmon and his codefendants Justin Watson
and Steven Moore drove to Miguel Pantaleon’s home to steal marijuana that they had
arranged to purchase from him. Appellant brought a firearm. During the course of the
robbery, appellant shot Miguel Pantaleon in the arm causing nerve damage and a broken
arm. He shot Miguel Gallegos Rivera in the leg causing numbness and scarring. And he
shot and killed Marcos Pantaleon. Appellant fled the state and was arrested in Las Vegas
nearly four months later. Appellant was indicted on six charges including murder in the
first degree.
Appellant and the state negotiated a plea agreement in which the state agreed to
dismiss the remaining counts if appellant pleaded guilty to one count of second-degree
intentional murder under Minn. Stat. § 609.19 and two counts of second-degree assault
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under Minn. Stat. § 609.222. On the assault charges, appellant was to receive an
executed sentence of 60 months, and the district court would decide whether the
sentences would run concurrently or consecutively. On the second-degree murder
charge, appellant would serve an executed sentence of no less than 312 months and no
more than 439 months. The parties agreed that this would be his sentence regardless of
his criminal-history score. Appellant waived his trial rights and the district court
provisionally accepted this plea stating:
THE COURT: This is a little bit more complicated than our
usual case, but I think we are all understanding the same
thing. It is that we have made an agreement within the
parameters of some time periods, and that’s going to remain
regardless of what your points come out to be. Okay?
...
DEFENSE COUNSEL: . . . The bottom range of this deal
regardless of your points is going to be 312, and the top end
is going to be 439 with respect to Count 2. Okay? That’s
regardless of your criminal history score.
(Emphasis added.)
Appellant pleaded guilty to second-degree intentional murder and his factual basis
at the plea hearing supported a plea for intentional murder. However, during the
presentence investigation (PSI), appellant stated the murder was unintentional.
According to the calculation on the criminal-history worksheet, his criminal-history score
was three. At his October 16, 2014 sentencing hearing, appellant read a prepared
statement supplementing the factual basis for his plea, again stating the murder was
intentional.
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During sentencing the district court provided reasons for its decision to give
appellant the maximum presumptive sentence within the guidelines. The district court
explained it “struggled” to put appellant in context with his codefendants because
appellant brought the gun to the robbery and was less cooperative than the codefendants
with authorities after the commission of the crime. The district court expressed its
concern for public safety based on appellant’s prior violent criminal history and
sentenced appellant to consecutive sentences of 439 months for second-degree murder
and 60 months for each assault, for a total of 559 months, the maximum sentence within
the presumptive range allowed under the guidelines for an offender with a criminal-
history score of three.
DECISION
I.
We first consider whether the district court erred in sentencing appellant to the
maximum presumptive sentence possible under the sentencing guidelines. Appellant
provided this court with three “areas of discussion” to consider in reducing his sentence.
He argues his sentence should be reduced because (1) his sentence was more than the
average sentence of similar offenders, (2) he was not sentenced with parity to his
codefendants, and (3) state financial considerations warrant a lesser sentence. None of
these arguments is persuasive.
Appellant made similar arguments to the district court before sentencing. Because
the district court did not depart from the guidelines in sentencing appellant, the district
court was not required to state reasons for the sentence imposed within the presumptive
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sentencing range. See State v. Delk, 781 N.W.2d 426, 428 (Minn. App. 2010).
Nonetheless the district court carefully considered and rejected each of appellant’s three
arguments. First, it observed that it has been sentencing people for many years, and felt
this case was different from the codefendants and warranted the maximum presumptive
sentence. The district court stated appellant “was pretty focused on self-preservation at
the expense of others” noting that appellant’s criminal behaviors had consequences for
his mother and two girlfriends who were convicted of aiding an offender.1 It found
appellant to be different from his codefendants because he brought and fired the gun and
then fled the state. Addressing appellant’s other arguments, the district court stated:
I am persuaded based on your prior gun convictions, based on
your prior homicide conviction, that you present a greater
risk, and I can’t . . . send that away based on parity or based
on numbers or based on percentages or based on money. It’s a
concern for the public.
Appellant does not appear to argue that the district court abused its discretion, and
this court is “loath to interfere” with a sentencing decision absent an abuse of discretion.
State v. Case, 350 N.W.2d 473, 476 (Minn. App. 1984). Here the district court did not
abuse its discretion in giving appellant the maximum presumptive sentence possible
under the sentencing guidelines.
1
Appellant’s mother, G.J., pleaded guilty to aiding an offender under Minn. Stat.
§ 609.495. Appellant’s girlfriend, B.G., pleaded guilty to aiding an offender- accomplice
after the fact under Minn. Stat. § 609.495, subd. 3. Appellant’s other girlfriend, N.F.,
also pleaded guilty to aiding an offender- accomplice after the fact under Minn. Stat.
§ 609.495, subd. 3.
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II.
We next turn to appellant’s pro se argument that the district court erred in
calculating his criminal-history score. The state contends that appellant’s criminal-
history score was correctly stated on the criminal-history score worksheet, but asserts that
the criminal-history score is irrelevant to sentencing in this case. We disagree that a
criminal-history score is irrelevant to sentencing.
a. Sentencing without regard to criminal-history score
“Sentencing pursuant to the Sentencing Guidelines is not a right that accrues to a
person convicted of a felony; it is a procedure based on state public policy to maintain
uniformity, proportionality, rationality, and predictability in sentencing.” Minn. Stat.
§ 244.09, subd. 5 (2014). It is “the responsibility of probation officers and district courts
to ensure the accuracy of every defendant’s criminal history score” in order to achieve the
sentencing guidelines’ purpose of promoting uniform sentencing. State v. Maurstad, 733
N.W.2d 141, 151 (Minn. 2007). “[S]entences must be based on correct criminal history
scores,” and “a sentence based on an incorrect criminal history score is an illegal
sentence.” Id. at 147. Further, “a defendant may not waive review of his criminal history
score calculation.” Id.
Here, the district court provisionally accepted a plea bargain “regardless of what
[appellant’s] points [came] out to be.” The state argues that this is not an illegal sentence
as contemplated by Maurstad because appellant “did not negotiate a criminal-history
score [but instead] negotiated a specific range independent of his criminal-history score.”
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The state does not offer additional legal support for this argument. This reasoning is
contrary to the purpose of the sentencing guidelines.
The district court did not follow the proper procedure under the Minnesota
Sentencing Guidelines because it did not calculate a criminal-history score.
b. Criminal-history score
Appellant argues that his criminal-history score was incorrectly stated to be three.
According to the criminal-history score worksheet, appellant had a criminal-history score
of three. Appellant argues his score was two because he received a stay of imposition on
a previous second-degree assault charge and should not have received a criminal-history
point for that offense. The state argues that appellant is incorrect and his score was in
fact three.
In 2005 appellant received a felony sentence with a stay of imposition for aiding
and abetting assault in the second degree. Appellant contends he successfully completed
the stay and therefore should not receive a point for that conviction. But the sentencing
guidelines dictate the conviction is still included in calculating his criminal-history score.
Minn. Sent. Guidelines I.B.19.a. (2015). This means he had a criminal-history score of
three at the time of sentencing. Appellant makes no further challenges to his criminal-
history score. The guidelines for an offender who commits intentional murder in the
second degree with a criminal-history score of three provide for a sentencing range of
312 to 439 months. Minn. Sent. Guidelines IV.A (2015). Appellant received a guideline
sentence of 439 months for his second-degree murder conviction.
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Despite the district court’s error in sentencing him without regard to his criminal-
history score, the district court reached the proper result, a sentence within the
presumptive range, and appellant’s sentence is not illegal.
III.
We next address appellant’s pro se argument that the district court erred by
allowing him to enter an unlawful guilty plea because “there was significant factual
information” provided to the court that would have supported a conviction of
unintentional second-degree murder in violation of Minn. Stat. § 609.19, subd. 2, and the
district court took “deliberate steps to overlook” this in order to “force” appellant to enter
into an unlawful plea agreement. “Assessing the validity of a plea presents a question of
law that we review de novo.” State v. Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d 90, 94 (Minn. 2010). In
order for a plea to be valid it must be accurate, voluntary, and intelligent. State v. Ecker,
524 N.W.2d 712, 716 (Minn. 1994).
Appellant argues that his plea was not accurate because he has made contradictory
statements about his intent to kill. During his PSI he said the murder was unintentional,
but he said the murder was intentional at both the plea hearing and the sentencing
hearing. When “credibility determinations are crucial, a reviewing court will give
deference to the primary observations and trustworthiness assessments made by the
district court.” State v. Aviles-Alvarez, 561 N.W.2d 523, 527 (Minn. App. 1997). The
record before this court contains a sufficient factual basis for the district court to accept
appellant’s guilty plea to intentional second-degree murder. The “typical way a district
court satisfies the accuracy requirement is by asking the defendant to express in his own
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words what happened.” Lussier v. State, 821 N.W.2d 581, 589 (Minn. 2012). At the
sentencing hearing appellant stated in his own words on the record, “[D]uring the course
of the scuffle, I shot my gun at Marcos Pantaleon with the intent to kill, and the bullet
struck him and caused his death.” The district court credited appellant’s own words that
the shooting was intentional and accepted his guilty plea. Given our deference to district
courts on credibility issues, we determine the district court did not err in accepting
appellant’s guilty plea.
IV.
We next consider appellant’s pro se claim that the district court improperly
inserted itself into the plea negotiations. “Anytime a district court improperly injects
itself into plea negotiations the guilty plea is per se invalid.” State v. Anyanwu, 681
N.W.2d 411, 415 (Minn. App. 2004).
Appellant does little to explain how the district court inserted itself into the plea
negotiations. He appears to argue that the judge “conspired” with the state by accepting
the plea agreement and by sentencing him to the maximum sentence allowed under the
agreement. He states that the judge predetermined in an earlier hearing that appellant’s
sentences for assault would run consecutively. It is unclear which hearing he is referring
to and there are no citations to the record.
To support his argument, appellant relies on cases where the district court inserted
itself into a plea negotiation by promising a particular sentence in advance of accepting a
plea. See Anyanwu, 681 N.W.2d at 415 (reversing when the district court promised a
particular sentence in advance without agreement from the state). The record before this
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court reveals it was appellant’s attorney who made the record of the negotiated plea. At
no point did the district court do anything more than seek clarification regarding the
terms of the plea and it did not promise appellant a particular result before accepting his
plea. The mere fact that appellant received the maximum sentence negotiated under the
plea agreement does not support appellant’s contention that the district court inserted
itself or “conspired” with the state. The record before this court does not support
appellant’s assertion that the district court improperly inserted itself into the plea
negotiations.
V.
Appellant’s final pro se argument is that he received ineffective assistance of
counsel. A criminal defendant has the constitutional right to effective assistance of
counsel. State v. Patterson, 812 N.W.2d 106, 111 (Minn. 2012). In order to succeed on
an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, “[t]he defendant must affirmatively prove that
his counsel’s representation ‘fell below an objective standard of reasonableness’ and ‘that
there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of
the proceeding would have been different.’” Gates v. State, 398 N.W.2d 558, 561 (Minn.
1987) (quoting Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688, 694, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064,
2068 (1984)). “A strong presumption exists that counsel’s performance fell within a
wide range of reasonable assistance.” State v. Lahue, 585 N.W.2d 785, 789 (Minn.
1998). The burden is on appellant to prove both prongs of the Strickland test. Gates, 398
N.W.2d at 561.
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Appellant alleges six ways his counsel was ineffective. In his own words, his
counsel was ineffective because:
A) The moment counsel knew that the co-defendants said this
was an unintentional murder- he choose to remain silent to
the court.
B) Counsel knew that [appellant] did not fully plead guilty to
the element of 2nd degree intentional murder- but allowed
the plea to go forward without argument.
C) Counsel knew and had [] knowledge that inconsistent
statements were made to the pre-sentence investigator
indicating the victim died as an “unintended” consequence
of a struggle with the gun.
...
D) Counsel knew the district court injected itself and became
a party to the negotiation but failed to object to the courts
involvement.
E) Counsel participated in preparing a statement for the state
ensuring that appellant would say “he shot the victim” to
sure [sic] up the elements of intentional murder, when
counsel was reportedly told by appellant . . . he never
intended to kill the victim.
F) Counsel failed to object to the state’s persistent argument
to enhance the sentence by exaggerating [appellant’s]
criminality in order to have (2) counts consecutively
imposed which was double in nature.
Appellant did not provide support in the record for his assertions, and we earlier
discussed and rejected many of his arguments. To the extent that the arguments were not
already discussed, we find them to be meritless because appellant has failed to overcome
the “strong presumption” that his counsel’s performance was not within “a wide range of
reasonable assistance.” Lahue, 585 N.W.2d at 789. He has not satisfied the first prong of
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the Strickland test and, therefore, we cannot find that he received ineffective assistance of
counsel. Gates, 398 N.W.2d at 561.
Affirmed.
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