State of Minnesota v. Chad William Mosher ( 2016 )


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  •                           This opinion will be unpublished and
    may not be cited except as provided by
    Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
    STATE OF MINNESOTA
    IN COURT OF APPEALS
    A16-0063
    State of Minnesota,
    Respondent,
    vs.
    Chad William Mosher,
    Appellant.
    Filed August 15, 2016
    Affirmed
    Ross, Judge
    Becker County District Court
    File No. 03-CR-14-107
    Lori Swanson, Attorney General, Edwin W. Stockmeyer, Assistant Attorney General, St.
    Paul, Minnesota; and
    Gretchen D. Thilmony, Becker County Attorney, Tammy L. Merkins, Assistant County
    Attorney, Detroit Lakes, Minnesota (for respondent)
    Richard Kenly, Kenly Law Office, Backus, Minnesota (for appellant)
    Considered and decided by Johnson, Presiding Judge; Ross, Judge; and
    Stauber, Judge.
    UNPUBLISHED OPINION
    ROSS, Judge
    Chad Mosher was arrested on suspicion of drunk driving after police discovered his
    vehicle resting in a ditch and he failed field sobriety tests. Mosher listened to the implied-
    consent advisory and agreed to take a breath test, which revealed an alcohol concentration
    of 0.14. The state charged Mosher with driving while impaired. Mosher stipulated to the
    state’s evidence after a contested omnibus hearing in which the district court apparently
    denied his request to suppress the breath test. The district court found Mosher guilty of
    driving while impaired. We affirm.
    FACTS
    On a January 2014 evening, White Earth police officer Franklin Tibbetts saw a
    vehicle in a ditch along County Road 133. The engine was running and the headlights were
    illuminated. Officer Tibbetts approached the vehicle’s passenger-side window and detected
    the odor of an alcoholic beverage emanating from inside. Officer Tibbetts also noticed an
    open can of beer in a passenger-side cup holder along with a 12-pack of beer sitting
    between the passenger’s feet. The officer walked around and spoke with the vehicle’s
    driver, Chad Mosher, who had bloodshot eyes and slurred speech. Mosher said he drank
    six beers. Officer Tibbetts suspected that Mosher was drunk, and he administered field
    sobriety tests and a preliminary breath test, which confirmed the suspicion. The officer
    arrested Mosher and took him to the Becker County Law Enforcement Center.
    Officer Tibbetts read Mosher the implied-consent advisory and asked him to take a
    breath test. Mosher agreed to take the test, which revealed an alcohol concentration of 0.14.
    The state charged Mosher with first-degree driving while impaired based alternatively on
    his alcohol concentration and his physical impairment. Mosher asked the district court to
    suppress the breath-test results on constitutional grounds, and the court rejected his
    argument. The parties stipulated to the state’s evidence under Minnesota Rule of Criminal
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    Procedure 26.01, subdivision 4, preserving for possible appeal Mosher’s constitutional
    challenge. The district court found him guilty of the alcohol-concentration charge, and
    Mosher appeals.
    DECISION
    Mosher argues on appeal that his consent to the breath test was involuntary and the
    test therefore unconstitutional. The state first challenges Mosher’s argument on the ground
    that Mosher has not provided a record of the pretrial ruling he asks us to review. We have
    previously declined to review claims when the appellant has failed to prepare a sufficient
    record. See, e.g., State v. Heithecker, 
    395 N.W.2d 382
    , 383 (Minn. App. 1986) (affirming
    appellant’s conviction because he failed to provide the trial transcript necessary to review
    his sufficiency-of-the-evidence claim). But the state concedes that because Mosher is
    challenging the voluntariness of his consent and the underlying facts are undisputed, we
    can reach the merits. See Richards Asphalt Co. v. Bunge Corp., 
    399 N.W.2d 188
    , 191–92
    (Minn. App. 1987). We will address Mosher’s argument even though the record presented
    on appeal lacks the district court’s analysis or express ruling.
    The United States and Minnesota Constitutions protect individuals from
    unreasonable searches and seizures. U.S. Const. amend. IV; Minn. Const. art. I, § 10. A
    breath test is a search. Skinner v. Ry. Labor Execs.’ Ass’n, 
    489 U.S. 602
    , 616–17, 
    109 S. Ct. 1402
    , 1412–13 (1989). A warrantless search without probable cause is generally per se
    unconstitutional. State v. Dezso, 
    512 N.W.2d 877
    , 880 (Minn. 1994). But a search warrant
    is not necessary when the test subject voluntarily consents to a breath test. State v. Brooks,
    
    838 N.W.2d 563
    , 568 (Minn. 2013). Voluntariness depends on the totality of the
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    circumstances, including “the nature of the encounter, the kind of person the defendant is,
    and what was said and how it was said.” 
    Id. at 569
    (quotation omitted).
    Mosher argues that his consent was involuntary because the implied-consent
    advisory is itself unconstitutionally coercive. The argument is unconvincing. The supreme
    court has held that a driver’s decision to take a breath test is not coerced simply because
    the legislature has made test refusal a crime. See 
    id. at 570.
    And we see nothing in the
    circumstances that suggests that Mosher’s consent was involuntarily given. The Brooks
    court concluded that the driver had voluntarily consented to testing in part because he was
    not confronted with repeated police questioning or subjected to days in custody before
    being asked to consent. 
    Id. at 571.
    It also observed that he had the opportunity to consult
    with a lawyer before taking each test and that police had read him the implied-consent
    advisory, with its implied indication that the driver could refuse the test. 
    Id. at 571–72.
    This case resembles Brooks. Mosher agreed to take the breath test about two hours
    after his arrest. He was read the implied-consent advisory, which he expressly understood.
    And he was given the opportunity to speak with an attorney before he agreed to be tested.
    Mosher’s only effort to distinguish this case from Brooks is his argument that he did not
    actually speak to an attorney before agreeing to take the test. But the Brooks court
    emphasized only “the ability to consult with counsel about [the] issue,” and even then it
    said only that this ability “supports the conclusion that [the] defendant made a voluntary
    decision,” not that it was required for the conclusion. 
    Id. at 572
    (emphasis added). The
    audio recording of the implied-consent discussion reveals that Mosher had the ability and
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    was given the opportunity to speak with an attorney, but he expressly declined. His consent
    was not involuntary simply because he chose not to avail himself of the opportunity.
    Because Mosher identifies no other circumstances supporting his assertion that his
    consent was involuntary, we affirm the district court’s apparent finding of voluntariness.
    Affirmed.
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