Larry Bardney v. State of MS ( 1996 )

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 96-CA-00403-SCT
LARRY BARDNEY
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND MAY NOT BE CITED,
PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-A
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 4/15/96
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. JANNIE M. LEWIS
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HUMPHREYS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: PRO SE
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: SCOTT STUART
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: NOEL CROOK
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POST CONVICTION RELIEF
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 11/6/97
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED: 12/1/997
BEFORE DAN LEE, C.J., PITTMAN AND MILLS, JJ.
MILLS, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
On April 16, 1996, the Circuit Court of Humphreys County denied Larry Bardney's motion to vacate
his conviction on two counts of murder. Aggrieved Bardney appeals to this Court, assigning as error
the following issues:
I. WHETHER THE PLEA ARRAIGNMENT WAS HELD ACCORDING TO RULE 11
OF THE FEDERAL RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE.
II. WHETHER BARDNEY RECEIVED EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.
III. WHETHER BARDNEY'S GUILTY PLEA WAS KNOWINGLY,
INTELLIGENTLY, AND VOLUNTARILY MADE.
IV. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT INFORMED THE PETITIONER OF THE
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM SENTENCE THAT COULD BE IMPOSED.
V. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN REFUSING TO HOLD AN
EVIDENTIARY HEARING.
VI. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING BARDNEY'S MOTION
TO VACATE HIS CONVICTION AND SENTENCE UNDER THE POST
CONVICTION RELIEF ACT.
FACTS
On September 24, 1994, the grand jury of Humphreys County indicted Larry Bardney for the murder
of Patricia Young and Tommie Penn. On June 19, 1995, Bardney pled guilty to two counts of
murder. At the guilty plea hearing, after explaining Bardney's Constitutional rights and determining
that his plea was knowingly and voluntarily made, the trial judge sentenced him to two life sentences
to run concurrently.
DISCUSSION
Bardney's assertion that his arraignment was not conducted in accordance with Rule 11 of the
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure need not be addressed by this Court because the Federal Rules
of Criminal Procedure are not binding in state courts. Even though Bardney raises five other issues to
which he assigns error, his contentions can be aggregated into three central issues: whether he
received effective assistance of counsel; whether his guilty plea was voluntary; and whether the trial
court erred in refusing to hold an evidentiary hearing.
I. WHETHER BARDNEY RECEIVED EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.
Bardney alleges that his attorneys, Walter Stuckey and Whitman Mounger, acted incompetently by
not having him psychologically evaluated before allowing him to enter a guilty plea. He states that the
psychological stress engendered by his HIV positive status caused him to succumb to his attorneys'
advice and enter a guilty plea. He contends that his attorneys' knowledge of his HIV positive status
should have placed them on notice that he lacked the requisite mental capacity to enter a guilty plea.
Bardney did not raise this issue in his motion for post conviction relief before the trial court. He now
raises it for the first time in his brief to this Court. It is well established that this Court will not grant
post conviction relief on facts or issues that should have been raised before the trial court. Patterson
v. State, 594 So.2d 606,609 (Miss. 1992) (citing Jefferson v. State, 386 So.2d 200,202 (Miss 1980))
. Therefore, Bardney is procedurally barred from raising this issue in his present petition on appeal.
Bardney also claims that his attorneys provided ineffective assistance of counsel because they coerced
him into pleading guilty. The test for ineffective assistance of counsel was set out in Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984). This Court adopted the Strickland test in Gilliard v. State, 462
So. 2d 710, 714 (Miss. 1985). The Strickland test consists of two parts: (1) whether or not counsel's
overall performance was deficient; and (2) whether or not the deficient performance, if any,
prejudiced the defense. The defendant has the burden of proving both prongs of this test. Edwards v.
State, 615 So. 2d 590, 596 (Miss. 1993).
Bardney claims that despite his protestations of innocence, his attorneys urged him to plead guilty.
He claims that Stuckey told him he "didn't have a hair of a chance" and that he would receive the
death penalty if he did not plead guilty. These contentions are not supported by the record. At the
arraignment, Mounger stated:
We did not in any way, even indirectly, encourage Mr. Bardney to plead guilty. To the contrary.
The first time that he indicated -- well, he has been maintaining his innocence steadfastly
throughout the portion of the time he has been charged, ... And when he -- after being pressed -
- he was indicating at one point this morning he wanted to enter a guilty plea, but then still
maintained his innocence. So Mr. Stuckey and I both said, well that's fine Mr. Bardney, let's go
to trial; it's set for Thursday, and we'll just continue in our preparation.
Mounger's statement reflects that Bardney's attorneys did not persuade him to plead guilty. In fact,
Mounger's statement indicates that the attorneys were prepared to take this case to trial. Bardney
claims that Mounger's statement "when pressed" indicates that Mounger and Stuckey pressured
Bardney to plead guilty. However, when taken in context, Mounger's use of the phrase "when
pressed", does not imply that he or Stuckey urged Bardney to enter a guilty plea. This is supported
by the fact that Bardney replied that he understood all of his attorneys' statements and that he was
entering his plea because he was guilty and for no other reason. The record simply does not reflect
that Stuckey or Mounger in any way induced Bardney's guilty plea.
Bardney's inability to show that his attorneys induced his guilty plea or were otherwise deficient in
their duties results in a failure to meet the first prong of the Strickland test. In fact, Bardney himself
testified under oath that he was satisfied with the advice of his attorneys. There is a strong
presumption that counsel's performance constitutes reasonable professional assistance. Cole v. State,
666 So. 2d 767, 775 (Miss.1995) (citing Frierson v. State, 606 So. 2d 604, 608 (Miss. 1992)).
Bardney fails to overcome this presumption.
Even if Bardney could prove deficient performance of counsel, the second part of the Strickland test
requires that he prove that there is a 'reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional
errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A reasonable probability is a
probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.' Cole, 666 So. 2d at 775 (quoting
Cabello v. State, 524 So. 2d 313, 315 (Miss. 1988)). Even if Bardney could prove that his counsel
made errors, he would be unable to meet this part of the Strickland test. The state had an eyewitness,
Lacasha Harris, who was prepared to testify that she saw Bardney standing over Penn making a
stabbing motion. Harris could also testify that Penn ran from the attack, entered her house, and died.
Harris then saw Young emerge from her neighbor's house screaming and saw Bardney chase Young
back into the house where she was later found dead. In addition, the state had a witness, Tommy Lee
Ford, who was prepared to testify that several hours before the murders, he saw the defendant
wearing the shirt found at the scene of the crime. Another witness, Roy Thompson, would have
testified that he had seen Bardney with Young on the night of the murders wearing the shirt found at
the scene of the murders. Lara Hampton was also scheduled to testify. Hampton would have testified
that she had seen Bardney the morning after the murders covered in blood and that he explained the
blood by saying that he had gotten into a fight. Further, the state could produce evidence that Penn's
blood type was found on Bardney, and that blood found near the scene of the crime matched
Bardney's blood type. Clearly, the state had an overwhelming amount of evidence against Bardney.
Even if his attorneys had performed perfectly, it is unlikely that the outcome would have differed.
Thus, Bardney's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel also fails to meet the second prong of the
Strickland test.
II. WHETHER BARDNEY'S GUILTY PLEA WAS KNOWINGLY, INTELLIGENTLY
AND VOLUNTARILY MADE.
Bardney contends that his guilty plea was not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily made. He
claims that the mental anguish induced by his illness caused him to submit to his attorneys' requests
and plead guilty. This Court does not discount the mental anguish engendered by Mr. Bardney's
illness; however, mental anguish is insufficient to prove that a guilty plea was involuntary. In order to
establish that a guilty plea was involuntary, the defendant must prove that he did not understand
"what the elements are in the charge against him, including an understanding of the charge and its
relation to him, the effect of the plea, and the possible sentence." Taylor v. State, 682 So. 2d 359, 362
(Miss. 1996). Bardney has not met this standard. The record reflects that the trial judge informed
Bardney of his Constitutional rights and the implications of entering a guilty plea. The lower court
further determined that Bardney understood the charges against him, and that no one had coerced
him into pleading guilty. Clearly, according to the record, Bardney understood the charge, its relation
to him and the consequences of pleading guilty.
Bardney also alleges that the lower court failed to tell him the minimum and maximum sentence that
could be imposed for his crime. This is simply untrue. Bardney answered affirmatively when the judge
specifically asked him:
You understand that this Court can give you -- well, the minimum or the maximum fine this
Court can give you on each of these counts is life in prison?
Bardney was indicted for murder as defined in Mississippi Code Annotated § 97-3-19. The
punishment for murder is designated in § 97-3-21 which states: "Every person who shall be convicted
of murder shall be sentenced by the court to imprisonment for life in the State Penitentiary." Miss.
Code Ann. § 97-3-21 (1994). Indeed, the trial judge was correct in advising Bardney that the
minimum and maximum sentence that could be imposed was life in prison. Thus, Bardney's argument
that he was not informed of the minimum and maximum that could be imposed is completely without
merit.
The record reflects that Bardney's guilty plea was voluntary according to the standard in Taylor.
Bardney understood the charges against him, the effect of his plea, and that the sentence was life
imprisonment. Thus, Bardney's claim that his plea was involuntary is denied.
III. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN REFUSING TO HOLD AN
EVIDENTIARY HEARING.
Bardney asserts that the trial court erred in denying his request to hold an evidentiary hearing to
determine if his conviction should be vacated. Evidentiary hearings are usually required when
contradictory affidavits place a material fact in dispute. Harris v. State, 578 So. 2d 617, 620 (Miss.
1991). However, no evidentiary hearing is required when "unimpeachable documentary evidence" in
the record discredits the defendant's affidavits. Harris, 578 So. 2d at 620. In the case sub judice, the
record reflects that Bardney testified under oath that he was satisfied with the advice of counsel, and
that he was not coerced into entering a guilty plea. Additionally, Bardney stated that he understood
the charges against him and that he would receive a life sentence. Bardney also testified under oath
that he did not dispute the evidence the state announced it would put on at trial and that he was
pleading guilty because he was guilty and for no other reason. Finally, the record reveals that
Bardney signed a petition to enter a plea of guilty to both murders. Bardney admitted in this petition
that he had killed both Tommie Penn and Patricia Young.
It is the opinion of this Court that the record reflects substantial unimpeachable evidence that refutes
the defendant's affidavits. Therefore, according to Harris, the trial court did not err in refusing to
conduct an evidentiary hearing.
CONCLUSION
Bardney failed to bring a claim upon which post conviction relief could be granted. He did not
establish that he received ineffective assistance of counsel, that his plea was involuntary or that he
was entitled to an evidentiary hearing. Consequently, this Court affirms the lower court's denial of
post conviction relief.
LOWER COURT'S DENIAL OF POST CONVICTION RELIEF AFFIRMED.
LEE, C.J., PRATHER AND SULLIVAN, P.JJ., PITTMAN, BANKS, McRAE, ROBERTS
AND SMITH, JJ., CONCUR.