Cedric Bell v. State of Mississippi ( 1996 )

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 96-CP-01082-SCT
CEDRIC BELL
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
ON MOTION FOR REHEARING
DATE OF 9/17/96
JUDGMENT:
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. BARRY W. FORD
COURT FROM LEE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
WHICH APPEALED:
ATTORNEY FOR PRO SE
APPELLANT:
ATTORNEY FOR OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
APPELLEE:
BY: CHARLES W. MARIS, JR.
NATURE OF THE CIVIL - POST CONVICTION RELIEF
CASE:
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED AND REMANDED IN
PART FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS CONSISTENT
WITH THIS OPINION - 7/29/1999
MOTION FOR 04/23/99
REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
August 5, 1999
EN BANC.
WALLER, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
¶1. The motion for rehearing is granted. The original opinion in this case is withdrawn
and this opinion is substituted therefor.
¶2. Appellant Cedric Bell and an accomplice robbed a convenience store on August
18, 1991. The next day they robbed a gas station. The two were arrested and indicted
on two counts of armed robbery. Bell appeared in Lee County Circuit Court on July
30, 1992, and pleaded guilty to both counts.
¶3. Circuit Judge Barry Ford sentenced Bell to two (2) twenty-year terms to run
concurrently "with any sentence that [Bell] might receive or already have received ... in
the District Court of the Northern District of Mississippi."
¶4. On May 13, 1996, Bell filed a motion for post-conviction relief in which he alleged
the existence of "material facts, not previously presented and heard" that would
"require vacation or reduction of the sentence in the interest of justice."
¶5. Judge Ford denied Bell's motion for post-conviction relief on September 17, 1996.
Bell timely appealed.
FACTS OF THE CASE
¶6. At the change of the plea hearing, the circuit court asked the State for a sentence
recommendation. The following exchange occurred:
MR. GEDDIE [for the State]: Yes, Your Honor, the State recommends that the
defendant in each of the two causes be sentenced to a term of twenty years and
that those two terms be allowed to run concurrently. The State has no
recommendation to any fine, if the Court sees fit to impose a prison term, it
doesn't seem very practical. We would ask that the Court Order that restitution be
made on such time as the defendant being able to do that.
MR. FARRELL [for defense]: May it Please the Court, Your Honor, as I
brought to the Court's attention earlier, we obtained some information on
federal charges and we would respectfully ask the Court to sentence, -if the
Court imposes that , to run it concurrently with the federal charges also.
THE COURT: Do you have a cause number?
MR. FARRELL: Your Honor, I believe I do. I will have to get that, Your Honor.
****
THE COURT: It is the sentence of this Court that in Cause CR92-099, STATE v.
BELL, Mr. Bell, that you serve a term of twenty years in the State Department of
Corrections; that you pay Court costs in this Cause number, and that you make
full and complete restitution to Gordon Sharp doing business as B-Quick, upon
your release that you begin making restitution in the amount to be determined.
It is also the sentence of this Court that in Cause number CR92-100, STATE v.
BELL, that you serve a term of twenty years in the State Department of
Corrections; that twenty years in CR92-100 is to run concurrent with the twenty
years you received in CR92-099. You will pay Court costs in this Cause number
also. You will make full and complete restitution to R.R. Morrison doing business
as Fast Lane. You are to begin making this restitution within six months from the
date of your release, that is, in Cause number CR92-099, as well as CR92-100.
The twenty-year sentence that is in both these Cause numbers is to run
concurrent with any sentence that you might receive or already have
received in Cause #CRD88-72-S, and #CRD99-73-S, in the District Court
for the Northern District of Mississippi.
It is to run concurrent from this date. You are to be given credit for any and
all time you have heretofore served in the Lee County jail on these charges.
You understand the sentence that you have just received?
DEFENDANT BELL: Yes, Your Honor.
THE COURT: Do you have any questions?
DEFENDANT BELL: Your Honor, I have four years and eight months in
district court.
THE COURT: Well, the twenty years you received, it is to run concurrent
with that.
DEFENDANT BELL: Yes, sir.
THE COURT: You are to do them at the same time. Does that clear your
question up?
DEFENDANT BELL: Yes, Your Honor.
(Emphasis added.)
¶7. On May 13, 1996, Bell filed a motion for post conviction relief in which he alleged
the existence of "material facts, not previously presented and heard" that would
"require vacation or reduction of the sentence in the interest of justice."
¶8. In his motion for post conviction relief, Bell alleged (1) the sentences imposed
were disproportionate "in relation to other sentences imposed in the Lee County
Circuit Court and in the United States District Court," (2) the statute under which the
conviction and sentence were obtained is unconstitutional, (3) the federal authorities
failed to abide by the sentencing order which purported to run the instant sentences
concurrently with two federal sentences, (4) the transcript "fails to reflect that the
Defendant was informed of the maximum and minimum sentences and fine that could
be imposed," and (5) he had been a model prisoner and requested his sentences be
reduced to time served or that they be reduced "to conform to the sentence imposed
by the Court ...."
¶9. Judge Ford denied Bell's motion for post-conviction relief on September 17, 1996.
Bell timely appealed.
DISCUSSION OF THE LAW
¶10. Bell designates five assignments of error:
I. APPELLANT CEDRIC BELL'S GUILTY PLEAS WERE NOT MADE
KNOWINGLY, VOLUNTARILY, AND INTELLIGENTLY.
II. APPELLANT CEDRIC BELL'S ATTORNEY RENDERED
INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL BY MISADVISING BELL
OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF PLEADING GUILTY, AND BECAUSE
COUNSEL ADVISED APPELLANT TO ENTER THE PLEAS OF
GUILTY BASED UPON A MISREPRESENTATION BY HIM TO BELL
THAT THE RESULTING SENTENCES WOULD RUN CONCURRENT
TO THE FEDERAL SENTENCES, WHEN THE FEDERAL
AUTHORITIES HAD NOT CONSENTED TO THIS AGREEMENT.
III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ACCEPTING APPELLANT BELL'S
GUILTY PLEAS WHEN THE STATE PLEA AGREEMENT AND
RESULTING STATE SENTENCES INCORPORATED, FEDERAL
SENTENCES TO RUN CONCURRENT WITH THE RESULTING
STATE SENTENCES, WITHOUT FIRST SECURING CONSENT AND
AGREEMENT FROM FEDERAL AUTHORITIES.
IV. APPELLANT BELL'S GUILTY PLEAS ARE INVALID BECAUSE
THEY WERE BASED UPON A PLEA AGREEMENT WHICH WAS
SUBSEQUENTLY BREACHED.
V. APPELLANT WAS DENIED HIS RIGHT TO AN EVIDENTIARY
HEARING UNDER THE MISSISSIPPI UNIFORM POST
CONVICTION COLLATERAL RELIEF ACT (1984).
¶11. The State argues Bell's claims are barred by the three-year statute of limitations of
the Mississippi Uniform Post-Conviction Relief Act. Miss. Code Ann. §§ 99-39-1 to -
29 (1994 & Supp. 1998). Section 99-39-5(2) of the Act requires a motion for relief in
the case of a guilty plea be made within three years after the entry of judgment of
conviction.
¶12. Bell pleaded guilty on July 30, 1992, and the judgment of conviction was entered
that same day. Under the Act, Bell was required to file any collateral attack on his plea
or sentence by July 30, 1995. Since he did not file his petition until May 13, 1996, the
State argues Bell is procedurally barred from now attacking his guilty plea.Odom v.
State, 483 So. 2d 343, 344 (Miss. 1986).
¶13. While the State is correct that Bell failed to file his petition within the three-year
period allowed by the Act, the Act also provides for appeals beyond the three-year
period when the prisoner can "demonstrate ... that he has evidence, not reasonably
discoverable at the time of the trial, which is of such nature that it would be practically
conclusive that had such been introduced at trial it would have caused a different result
in the conviction or sentence." Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-5(2). This exception brings us
directly to Bell's fifth assignment of error.
V. APPELLANT WAS DENIED HIS RIGHT TO AN EVIDENTIARY
HEARING UNDER THE MISSISSIPPI UNIFORM POST
CONVICTION COLLATERAL RELIEF ACT (1984).
¶14. "Pursuant to the Mississippi Uniform Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act a
petitioner is entitled to an in-court opportunity to prove his claims if the claims are
procedurally alive, substantially showing a denial of a state or federal right."
Washington v. State, 620 So. 2d 966, 967-68 (Miss. 1993) (internal citations omitted).
This court has further held, "[u]nder the holding in Alexander v. State, 605 So. 2d
1170, 1172 (Miss. 1992), an evidentiary hearing is necessary if the plea hearing 'does
not reflect that [the petitioner] was advised concerning the rights of which he allegedly
claims ignorance.'" Roland v. State, 666 So. 2d 747, 751 (Miss. 1995).
¶15. When Bell pleaded guilty to two counts of armed robbery in Lee County Circuit
Court, the trial judge sentenced him to two twenty-year terms to run concurrently with
any sentence Bell had received in federal district court in the Northern District of
Mississippi. However, from the limited record presented, it appears Bell's federal
sentence will not begin to run until he is released from custody of the Mississippi
Department of Corrections and turned over to federal authorities. In support of a
hearing on his motion for post conviction relief, Bell offered a letter dated August 30,
1995, from federal authorities informing Bell that his federal sentence would run
consecutively to, as opposed to concurrently to, his state sentence. As such, Bell may
be able to show that the letter, which is dated after the three year statute of limitations
had run, constitutes new evidence not reasonably discoverable at the time of trial
which would have caused a different result in the sentence. Hence, we find the trial
judge erred in denying Bell's motion for post-conviction relief without first holding an
evidentiary hearing to determine if the letter from federal authorities would constitute
new evidence so as to except Bell's motion from the three-year statute of limitations
period within the Act.
¶16. Should the trial court find Bell's claim to be excepted from the three-year statute
of limitations period within the Act, Bell is entitled to seek the proper execution of his
sentence.
¶17. As it now stands, Bell will serve out the remainder of his state sentence and only
then begin serving his federal time -- in contradiction to the trial judge's order that the
federal sentence and state sentences be served concurrently.
¶18. The State argues that the trial court lacked the authority in the first instance to
order Bell's state sentence to run concurrently to his federal sentence, and, therefore,
that portion of the judgment should be treated as "mere surplusage, and simply
disregarded." We disagree. This Court has repeatedly recognized that sentencing is
within the sound discretion of the trial judge and is not to be disturbed so long as it is
within the sentencing range provided by the legislature. See, e.g., Hoops v. State, 681
So. 2d 521, 537 (Miss. 1996); Hopson v. State, 625 So. 2d 395, 404 (Miss. 1993);
Davis v. State, 724 So. 2d 342, 344 (Miss. 1988). A canvassing of state opinions
reveals a number of instances in which this court has left undisturbed a trial court's
discretionary order that a state sentence was to run concurrently to a federal sentence.
See, e.g., State of Mississippi v. Pittman, No. 79-Ct-00265-SCT, 1998 WL 541982(Miss. 1998); Vice v. State of Mississippi, 679 So. 2d 205 (Miss. 1996). Moreover,
the Mississippi legislature has enacted no law limiting the exercise of discretion in this
manner. Noting that it has been the widespread custom and practice for trial judges to
provide for federal and state sentences to be run concurrently, we decline to restrict
the discretion of trial judges in this regard.
¶19. We specifically find that the trial judge's order for the state sentence to run
concurrently to the federal sentence does not constitute "mere surplusage [to be]
simply disregarded." If that portion of the order were disregarded, the trial judge's
original sentence would be overturned without a concomitant finding of abuse of
discretion. Also, the sentence would, in effect, be modified after the end of the term of
court in which Bell was sentenced, a practice which this Court has forbidden. See
Dickerson v. State, 1998 WL 951496, *3 (Miss. Jan. 21, 1998); see also Mississippi
Comm'n of Judicial Performance v. Russell, 691 So. 2d 929 (Miss. 1997).
¶20. Should the trial court determine Bell has newly discovered evidence which may
justify relief, the trial judge should hold an evidentiary hearing to determine the status
of Bell's state and federal sentences. Once the status of both sentences is determined,
the trial judge could take appropriate action to ensure his original sentencing order is
properly carried out. For example, the trial judge could order Bell released from state
custody and turned over to federal officials to begin serving his federal sentence. Bell's
time in federal custody could then be counted against his remaining state sentence.
Such an approach would not require the trial court to modify Bell's original sentence.
Rather the trial court would simply be exercising its power to see that its sentence was
properly carried out.
CONCLUSION
¶21. On remand, the trial court should hold an evidentiary hearing to determine (1)
whether Bell's motion is excepted from the three-year statute of limitations period
within the Act; and (2) the status of Bell's federal and state sentences. If needed, a
remedy may be fashioned to ensure the terms of the original sentencing order are
carried out.
¶22. We decline to rule on Bell's first four assignments of error, as they are not
properly before the Court.
¶23. Accordingly, we reverse the order of the Lee County Circuit Court in part to the
limited extent that it denied Bell an evidentiary hearing.
¶24. AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED AND REMANDED IN PART FOR
FURTHER PROCEEDINGS CONSISTENT WITH THIS OPINION.
PRATHER, C.J., SULLIVAN and PITTMAN, P.JJ., BANKS, McRAE AND
MILLS, JJ., CONCUR. SMITH, J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE OPINION
JOINED BY COBB, J.
SMITH, JUSTICE, DISSENTING:
¶25. Circuit Judge Barry Ford sentenced Bell to two (2) twenty-year terms to run
concurrently "with any sentence that [Bell] might receive or already have received . . .
in the District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi." Maj. Op. at 3. Bell had
pled guilty to two counts of armed robbery and received a sentence recommendation
in exchange. Maj. Op. at 2. However, the State's sentence recommendation did not
mention any possible federal sentence. Rather, the trial judge added running the state
sentences concurrent with any federal sentences at Bell's request. Because the federal
court did not follow the mandate of the state sentence and run its sentence concurrent
to the state sentences, the majority now holds that Bell is entitled to a post-conviction
relief evidentiary hearing to determine the status of his federal and state sentences. Maj.
Op. at 7.
¶26. The majority has cited no specific case or statutory authority on which its
determination rests because there is none. In fact, our case law flows in the opposite
direction. In Mississippi Comm'n of Judicial Performance v. Russell, 691 So. 2d
929 (Miss. 1997), this Court stated that "there is no inherent authority to alter or vacate
a judgment, but rather legislation is required." Id. at 944 (citing Harrigill v. State, 403
So. 2d 867, 868-69 (Miss. 1981)). Furthermore, in Russell, this Court stated, as
follows:
In essence, Judge Russell calls upon this Court to define the limits of the circuit
judge's authority. We did so in Griffin v. State, 565 So. 2d 545 (Miss.1990) where
we held that "[a] court can only act as specifically authorized by either the
Constitution or by statute." Id. at 547. Although, we recognized that "there has
been a vast expansion by statutory enactment of the times within which circuit
judges are lawfully empowered to conduct court affairs", this Court held that "the
passage of the next term of court deprived the circuit court of any further authority
to reinstate [the convictions]." Id. at 550.
Therefore, if a court lacks the authority to reinstate the convictions and sentences
handed down during a prior term of court, the converse must also be true: the
circuit court lacks authority to suspend sentences after the term of court.
691 So. 2d at 944. Accord In re Moore, 722 So. 2d 465, 469 (Miss. 1998) (holding
that a trial judge acted outside his authority in releasing inmate beyond 180-day time
period for modifying or amending sentence); Dickerson v. State, 731 So. 2d 1082(Miss.1998)) (holding that a judge may not alter or vacate a sentence once the term of
court in which the defendant was sentenced has ended).
¶27. Recently, this Court has held that "[p]olicy considerations dictate that neither this
Court nor the Court of Appeals should actively engage or participate in any capacity in
the post-conviction negotiation of plea bargains or sentencing and/or resentencing
matters during the pendancy of any criminal appeal at any stage." Jenkins v. State,
No. 96-CT-01248-SCT, 1999 WL 126998, at *1 (Miss. Mar. 11, 1999). In Jenkins,
the appellants filed a motion for pre-hearing conference pursuant to M.R.A.P. 33 to
settle the case, but this Court denied the motion holding that M.R.A.P. 33 did not
apply to criminal cases because "our (Supreme Court) jurisdiction, nor that of the
Court of Appeals, extends to the negotiation and imposition of plea bargains or
original sentencing issues." Id. at *2 Instead, this Court stated that the matter may be
presented to the trial court for determination of any issues, because the trial court had
properly retained jurisdiction under Miss. Code Ann. § 47-7-47(2) (Supp. 1998).
Jenkins, 1999 WL 126998 at *2-3. Here, the trial court did not retain jurisdiction
under Section 47-7-47(2), and it is thus without authority to alter or vacate the
judgment. See Russell, 691 So. 2d at 944.
¶28. Moreover, Bell specifically alleges that federal authorities failed to abide by the
sentencing order. I dissent because the United States is not bound by a plea bargain in
any state court proceeding. Besides, that portion of Bell's sentence that is at issue here
was not even a part of the plea bargain made with the State. Rather, Bell's counsel
suggested that the trial judge run the state sentences concurrently with any possible
federal sentence.
¶29. The United States was not a party to the state prosecution here and its power to
enforce its criminal laws cannot be affected by any proceedings in the state court.
United States v. Padilla, 589 F.2d 481, 484 (10th Cir. 1978); see also United States
v. Luros, 243 F. Supp. 160, 168 (N.D. Iowa 1965), rev'd on other grounds, 389 F.2d
200 (8th Cir. 1968), cert. denied sub nom.Luros v. Hanson, 382 U.S. 956, 86 S. Ct.
433, 15 L. Ed. 2d 361 (1965). This power to enforce its criminal laws naturally
includes sentencing. The trial judge did have authority to run the state sentence
concurrently with a federal sentence, but the converse is not true--he has no authority
to require that a federal sentence run concurrently with the state sentence. Therefore,
inasmuch as his sentence was meant to bind the federal district court, the trial judge
was without authority.
¶30. An evidentiary hearing would now be pointless. As a matter of public policy, it is
bad precedent to do as the majority rules and release from state custody a convicted
felon in order for that felon to serve a shorter federal sentence only to be later
reincarcerated in our state penitentiary to finish his state sentence all in the name of
properly carrying out a sentence which the trial court was without authority to make.
¶31. I respectfully dissent.
COBB, J., JOINS THIS OPINION.