Laharrison Johnson v. State of Mississippi ( 2009 )

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2009-KA-01411-SCT
LAHARRISON JOHNSON
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 08/11/2009
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. CHARLES E. WEBSTER
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: COAHOMA COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: OFFICE OF INDIGENT APPEALS
BY: W. DANIEL HINCHCLIFF
LESLIE S. LEE
DAVID LYDELL TISDELL
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: JEFFREY A. KLINGFUSS
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: LAURENCE Y. MELLEN
NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - FELONY
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 09/23/2010
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE CARLSON, P.J., DICKINSON AND PIERCE, JJ.
PIERCE, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. This case comes before the Court on appeal from the Coahoma County Circuit Court.
Laharrison Johnson was convicted of armed robbery and given an enhanced penalty for his
use of a firearm during the commission of a felony. Johnson appeals his conviction and
sentence, and argues that the circuit court erred in failing to have the jury determine whether
the defendant used a firearm during the commission of an armed robbery as a prerequisite
for finding that the enhanced penalty was appropriate. Because it is well-established that
failure to raise an issue at trial procedurally bars review on appeal, we affirm Johnson’s
conviction and sentence.
FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS
¶2. On the evening of December 30, 2008, Travis Amos and his cousin Rontavious Morris
became the victims of armed robbery. Both victims identified Laharrison Johnson as their
attacker. On the night of the robbery, Amos and Morris drove to an apartment complex to
deliver a customer’s receipt. It is unclear from the testimony at trial whether Amos actually
delivered the receipt. At some point after entering the apartment complex, Johnson
approached Amos’s car, and they began to discuss car stereo equipment and guns. As Amos
and Morris began to leave, Johnson flagged them down.
¶3. After chatting again briefly, Johnson displayed a gun and pointed it through the
driver’s side window at Amos. Several masked men approached the passenger-side window
and instructed Morris to get out of the car. Morris was hit in the forehead with a gun by one
of the masked men. Amos and Morris saw Johnson and the masked men remove items from
the car. All of the items taken belonged to Amos. Amos and Morris were allowed to get
back in the car. Upon leaving, Johnson warned Amos not to go to the police and stated “I
know where you live.”
¶4. Johnson was indicted for armed robbery under Mississippi Code Section 97-3-79 and
charged with using or displaying a firearm during a felony under Mississippi Code Section
97-37-37. At trial, Amos and Morris testified as to what happened on the night of December
30, 2008. Johnson chose not to testify. The jury convicted Johnson of armed robbery under
2
Mississippi Code Section 97-3-79. Initially, the trial court sentenced Johnson to serve twelve
years, with four years suspended and supervised probation upon release. But the trial court
realized that it had failed to consider the enhanced penalty statute during Johnson’s
sentencing hearing. The trial court held a hearing the following day and resentenced Johnson
to seven years, with four years suspended, and supervised probation upon release. The trial
court also imposed an additional sentence of five years under the enhanced penalty statute
to run consecutively to the sentence for armed robbery. Johnson now appeals.
DISCUSSION
¶5. Johnson claims that the question of whether he used a firearm during the commission
of a felony was never properly submitted to the jury. The State argues that Johnson waived
this issue because he failed to raise it at trial. We agree with the State’s position and affirm
Johnson’s conviction and sentence.
¶6. It is well-established that failure to raise an issue at trial procedurally bars review on
appeal.1 Johnson did not present the issue he now raises on appeal to the trial court during
the discussion regarding jury instructions, nor did he raise the issue at the sentencing hearing.
Further, Johnson did not raise the issue in his motion for judgment notwithstanding the
verdict. Thus, Johnson is procedurally barred from bringing this issue for the first time on
appeal.
¶7. Notwithstanding the procedural bar, this issue lacks merit. This Court’s precedent has
firmly established that a “jury must be correctly and fully instructed regarding each element
1
Walker v. State, 913 So. 2d 198, 217 (Miss. 2005).
3
of the offense charged.” 2 And if “the instructions fairly announce the law of the case and
create no injustice, no reversible error will be found.” 3
¶8. The State offered the following instruction, labeled C-12, regarding the elements of
armed robbery:
The defendant, Laharrison Johnson, has been charged by an indictment with
the felony crime of Armed Robbery.
If you find from the evidence in this case beyond a reasonable doubt that:
(1) on or about December 30, 2008, the defendant, Laharrison
Johnson, while aiding and abetting or acting in concert with
another or others, did willfully, unlawfully and feloniously,
(2) take car speakers, an Ipod, a car stereo amplifier and two guns
in good [sic] and lawful money of the United States of America,
property of Travis Amos,
(3) from the person or from the presence, and against the will of
Travis Amos,
(4) by putting Travis Amos in fear of immediate injury to his person
by displaying a deadly weapon, to-wit; a pistol,
then you shall find the defendant guilty of Armed Robbery.
If the State has failed to prove any one or more of these elements beyond a
reasonable doubt, then you shall find the defendant not guilty.
The statutes under which Johnson was indicted state:
Every person who shall feloniously take or attempt to take from the person or
from the presence the personal property of another and against his will by
violence to his person or by putting such person in fear of immediate injury to
his person by the exhibition of a deadly weapon shall be guilty of robbery and,
upon conviction, shall be imprisoned for life in the state penitentiary if the
penalty is so fixed by the jury; and in cases where the jury fails to fix the
2
Hunter v. State, 684 So. 2d 625, 636 (Miss. 1996) (citing Neal v. State, 451 So. 2d
743, 757 (Miss. 1984)).
3
Harris v. State, 861 So. 2d 1003, 1014 (Miss. 2003) (citing Montana v. State, 822
So. 2d 954, 957 (Miss. 2002)).
4
penalty at imprisonment for life in the state penitentiary the court shall fix the
penalty at imprisonment in the state penitentiary for any term not less than
three (3) years.
Miss. Code. Ann. § 97-3-79 (Rev. 2006).
(1) Except to the extent that a greater minimum sentence is otherwise provided
by any other provision of law, any person who uses or displays a firearm
during the commission of any felony shall, in addition to the punishment
provided for such felony, be sentenced to an additional term of imprisonment
in the custody of the Department of Corrections of five (5) years, which
sentence shall not be reduced or suspended.
Miss. Code Ann. § 97-37-37 (Rev. 2006).
¶9. Section 97-3-79 makes it clear that, in order to convict a defendant of armed robbery,
the jury must find, among other things, that the defendant exhibited a deadly weapon.
Likewise, Section 97-37-37 requires that a defendant use or display a firearm during the
commission of any felony before he or she receives the statutorily enhanced penalty. The jury
found, beyond a reasonable doubt, that Johnson used a “deadly weapon, to-wit; a pistol”
during the robbery of Amos. This finding naturally satisfies every essential element of
Section 97-37-37.
¶10. This Court recently addressed the issue of fact-finding on the part of the jury when
sentencing enhancement is involved. In Brown v. State, 995 So. 2d 698, 703 (Miss. 2008),
we stated:
We hold today that, “[o]ther than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that
increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum
must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.” [c]iting
Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 490, 120 S. Ct. 2348, 147 L. Ed. 2d 435(2000)).
5
However, in today’s case, Section 97-37-37 required no other factor to be determined that
had not already been decided by the jury. Instruction C-12 adequately informed the jury of
the essential elements of armed robbery. Thus, the jury decided each element of the
enhanced-penalty statute when it found Johnson guilty of armed robbery by use of a firearm.
This issue lacks merit.
CONCLUSION
¶11. For the reasons stated, we affirm Johnson’s conviction and sentence.
¶12. CONVICTION OF ARMED ROBBERY WITH FIREARM ENHANCEMENT
AND SENTENCE OF SEVEN (7) YEARS IN THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS WITH FOUR (4) YEARS OF SAID
SENTENCE BEING SUSPENDED, WITH CONDITIONS, AFFIRMED. THE
APPELLANT IS BEING PLACED ON SUPERVISED PROBATION FOR A PERIOD
OF FOUR (4) YEARS AFTER HE HAS SERVED THREE (3) YEARS. APPELLANT
IS SENTENCED TO SERVE AN ADDITIONAL TERM OF FIVE (5) YEARS
PURSUANT TO THE FIREARM ENHANCEMENT, TO RUN CONSECUTIVELY
TO PREVIOUS SENTENCE. THE SENTENCES IMPOSED IN THIS CAUSE
SHALL RUN CONSECUTIVE TO ANY AND ALL SENTENCES PREVIOUSLY
IMPOSED.
WALLER, C.J., CARLSON, P.J. DICKINSON, RANDOLPH, KITCHENS AND
CHANDLER, JJ., CONCUR. GRAVES, P.J., AND LAMAR, J., CONCUR IN PART
AND IN RESULT WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.
6