Charles Fairley v. Total Transportation of Mississippi, LLC ( 2018 )

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2016-CA-01293-SCT
CHARLES FAIRLEY, AS CONSERVATOR OF
THE ESTATE OF JAMES D. OWENS
v.
TOTAL TRANSPORTATION OF MISSISSIPPI,
LLC, A CORPORATION; AND WILL GATES, AN
INDIVIDUAL
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 08/01/2016
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. JANNIE M. LEWIS
TRIAL COURT ATTORNEYS: EDWARD BLACKMON, JR.
THOMAS S. MOORE
OBY THOMAS ROGERS
ROBERT L. GIBBS
CHARLES C. WIMBERLY, III
HENRY COOPER ELLENBERG, II
MITCHELL DIAL MONSOUR, JR.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HUMPHREYS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: HENRY COOPER ELLENBERG, II
THOMAS S. MOORE
EDWARD BLACKMON, JR.
OBY THOMAS ROGERS
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES: CHARLES CORBETT WIMBERLY, III
ROBERT L. GIBBS
GUY D. PERRIER
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - PERSONAL INJURY
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 10/25/2018
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE WALLER, C.J., COLEMAN AND MAXWELL, JJ.
MAXWELL, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. James Owens had been experiencing drug-withdrawal symptoms when he wandered
off his work shift onto a dark Louisiana highway. Around this time, Will Gates was driving
his employer’s truck, which struck Owens. Gates did not see Owens, and the truck never left
its lane of travel. Owens1 filed a negligence suit in Humphreys County, Mississippi, against
Gates and his employer. The case proceeded to trial, and the jury returned a verdict in favor
of Gates and his employer. After review, we find the evidence supported the jury’s verdict
that Will Gates had not been negligent.
¶2. We also find no merit to Owens’s claim that the judge wrongly denied his request for
a mistrial based on Gates’s cousin Abraham Gates, a justice court judge, acting as a jury
consultant in his case. This case was a civil jury trial in circuit court, not justice court, and
all Owens can show is that Judge Gates sat in the courtroom during trial. Like the circuit-
court judge, we fail to see any grounds for a mistrial. Had Judge Gates been an attorney, he
could have tried the case for the defense.2 So his serving as a jury consultant—a role that
involved no direct contact or interaction with the jury—was not prohibited.
¶3. Moreover, the circuit-court judge allowed Owens’s counsel to address the issue of
Judge Gates’s attendance during voir dire. And the entire venire assured the court that any
knowledge of Judge Gates would not impact its ability to be impartial. So the circuit-court
judge did not abuse her discretion when she denied Owens’s motion for a mistrial.
1
The actual plaintiff was Owens’s conservator, Charles Fairley, who is now the
appellant. But to avoid confusion, this opinion refers to the plaintiff / appellant as “Owens.”
2
As “part-time” judges, justice court judges are allowed to practice law or any other
profession or occupation. See Miss. Code of Judicial Conduct Terminology (2018).
2
¶4. Therefore, we affirm.
Background Facts and Procedural History
I. The Accident
¶5. On September 23, 2013, Will Gates was driving an eighteen-wheeler for his employer,
Total Transportation of Mississippi, LLC. Around 8:25 p.m., he pulled out of the Folgers
Distribution Center in St. Tammany Parrish, Louisiana, onto Highway 434 where his truck
struck Owens.
¶6. Owens was a temporary worker at Folgers who had walked off his shift without
clocking out. Owens testified he left because he was not feeling well. But he had an
admitted history of illegal drug use. And his live-in girlfriend, Aleisha Mills, testified that
Owens had left because he was experiencing heroin withdrawal. Owens had called Mills
multiple times from work. Mills testified Owens asked her to bring him some heroin so he
could make it through his shift that did not end until midnight. When she finally arrived at
Folgers with the drugs, Owens had left his shift, exited the Folgers facility, and walked onto
the narrow, almost nonexistent shoulder of Highway 434.
¶7. Gates’s truck had only traveled a quarter to a third of a mile from Folgers when it hit
Owens. Gates testified that, when he pulled out, no one was on the highway. Gates did not
see Owens before impact and figured he must have stepped out in front of him. The accident
report admitted into evidence similarly concluded that Owens had stepped into the highway,
because Gates’s truck never left its lane of travel.
3
¶8. Gates was traveling at twenty miles per hour when he struck Owens. Owens
presented an accident reconstructionist who opined that, at that speed with proper headlamps,
Gates should have been able to see Owens for several seconds before impact. Owens’s
theory was that Gates must have been distracted. Owens’s counsel questioned Gates about
his cell phone records, which indicated he had made a call within a minute or so of calling
911 to report hitting Owens. But Gates insisted he was not on the phone and had not been
distracted when the accident occurred. Instead, he had tried to call a family member before
he left the Folgers facility. And only after she did not answer did he pull out onto Highway
434.
¶9. According to the accident report, that stretch of Highway 434 was dark. And Owens
was wearing dark clothing. But several witnesses—including Owens—said he had been
wearing a non-reflective, orange mesh work vest.3
¶10. Owens survived but sustained a head injury. After initial hospitalization, he was
transferred to a neurological rehabilitation living center. Through his conservator Charles
Fairley, Owens sued Gates and Total Transportation for negligence,4 alleging the collision
caused permanent injuries, including brain damage. Though Owens had a poor work history
3
The state trooper who responded to accident said he never saw a vest. And Gates
described to the 911 operator that the man he hit was putting on an orange vest. But Owens’s
coworker testified Owens was wearing the vest when he walked off his shift—though he
described the vest as green with black trim. And the paramedic who worked on Owens at
the scene testified Owens had been wearing an orange vest with yellow stripes on the front.
4
Indisputably, Gates was acting within the course and scope of his employment at the
time of the collision, so Owens sought to hold Total Transportation vicariously liable.
4
before the accident, he claimed the accident rendered him unable to work. His doctors also
testified his injury impeded his ability to fight his drug addiction.
II. Trial
¶11. While Owens was injured in Louisiana, he decided to file his negligence complaint
in Humphreys County, Mississippi, where Gates resided. Trial began in Humphreys County
on July 27, 2016.
¶12. Sitting in the courtroom during trial was Gates’s cousin, Justice Court Judge Abraham
Gates. Defense counsel retained Judge Gates to consult on jury selection. At first, Judge
Gates sat at defense counsel’s table. But Owens’s counsel objected. Because Judge Gates
was not an attorney, the trial court directed him to sit outside the well. But the court found
no issue with his serving as a jury consultant, since Judge Gates was a part-time judge who
was allowed to perform other jobs.
¶13. At this point, voir dire had not been completed. And the trial court decided the best
way to handle Owens’s counsel’s concern about Judge Gates was to give counsel the
opportunity, which he took, to ask the venire if Will Gates’s relationship to Judge Gates and
Judge Gates’s presence at trial would impact their impartiality. The potential jurors
collectively responded that they either knew or knew of Judge Gates. But they all assured
Owens’s counsel and the court that they could still be impartial.
¶14. Only after the first day of trial testimony, which included Will Gates’s being called
adversely, did Owens’s counsel move for a mistrial based on Judge Gates’s “participation”
5
in the trial. The trial judge denied the motion, finding Judge Gates’s introduction to the jury
panel as the defendant’s cousin and mere attendance at trial did not warrant a mistrial.
¶15. Trial testimony lasted about a week. The jury heard from Gates, Owens, Mills,
Owens’s coworkers, the first responders and eyewitnesses to the accident, accident
reconstructionists, and medical experts. Because the accident occurred in Louisiana, the
parties submitted—and the trial court gave—jury instructions based on Louisiana substantive
law. Following deliberation, the unanimous jury found Will Gates had not been negligent
in the operation of his truck the night he hit Owens. Based on the jury’s verdict, the trial
court entered a judgment for the defendants. Owens filed a notice of appeal, but his notice
was not effective until his Rule 59 motion to alter the judgment or, alternatively, for a new
trial was denied almost a year following trial. Miss. R. Civ. P. 59(e), (a); Miss. R. App. P.
4(d).
Discussion
¶16. On appeal, Owens takes aim at the jury’s verdict. He claims the defense verdict
contradicted the evidence and Louisiana law. He further asserts the jury was biased by
evidence of Owens’s drug use and improperly influenced by Judge Gates. But Owens’s
claims miss their mark. And what Owens is not arguing is almost as important in resolving
this appeal as what he is arguing. Instead of pinpointing specific trial court rulings that were
reversible error, Owens provides several variations on a broad argument that the jury simply
got it wrong. But our well-established law “requires [this Court] to give great deference to
the jury’s verdict and the trial judge’s refusal via post-trial motions to set aside the jury
6
verdict or award a new trial.” Patterson v. Liberty Assocs., L.P., 910 So. 2d 1014, 1020
(Miss. 2004). Because Owens fails to show any abuse of discretion in the circuit court’s
denial of the motion to alter the judgment or a new trial, we affirm the judgment in favor of
Gates and Total Transportation.
I. The Law and the Evidence
¶17. Owens first argues the jury’s verdict was contrary to Louisiana substantive law and
the overwhelming weight of the evidence.
A. Louisiana Law
¶18. Importantly, Owens does not argue the circuit court improperly instructed the jury on
the law. Both parties agreed Louisiana substantive law would control, because the accident
occurred in Louisiana. But see Ford v. State Farm Ins. Co., 625 So. 2d 792, 794 (Miss.
1993) (citing Boardman v. United Servs. Auto. Ass’n, 470 So. 2d 1024 (Miss. 1985))
(applying the “center of gravity” test—of which the location of the accident is but one factor
to consider—to determine whether the substantive law of Mississippi or Louisiana applied).
And Owens makes no claim that any of the standard-of-care instructions were erroneously
given or erroneously denied based on Louisiana law.
¶19. Still, Owens insists the jury’s finding that Gates had not operated his truck negligently
contradicted Louisiana law. Owens cites Turner v. New Orleans Public Service Inc., 476
So. 2d 800, 805 (La. 1985), for the principle that a motorist bears greater responsibility than
a pedestrian to prevent a collision between them. But Turner dealt with how to assess fault
when both the motorist and pedestrian struck by the vehicle were found to be negligent. In
7
that case, a city bus ran over Musette Turner’s foot.5 Though the trial court awarded her full
damages, the Louisiana Supreme Court reduced her award by ten percent to account for her
own negligence, which contributed to her injury. Id. at 805. “Turner’s fault was that she
walked almost into the path of an approaching bus, slipped and fell when she tried to save
herself.” Id. However, “Turner’s fault was slight” when “[c]ompared to the [bus] driver’s
fault[.]” Id. “The driver failed to see a pedestrian on a collision course with his bus, at an
intersection where he knew passengers transferred from one bus to another.” Id. Further,
there was no reason why the driver could not see her. A passenger sitting near the driver saw
her. Id. at 802. And if the driver had only “seen her in the crosswalk too he could easily
have avoided the accident.” Id. at 805. The Louisiana Supreme Court assessed the driver
ninety percent of the fault, concluding: “The greater the risk of harm to others, the greater
is the fault.” Id.
¶20. By contrast, here, the jury found Gates had not been negligent at all. Thus, he did not
share any fault for the accident—let alone the lion’s share like the bus driver in Turner.
While Owens argues assessing zero fault to a motorist contradicts Louisiana law, Louisiana
does “not impose absolute liability on a driver of an automobile simply when there is a
collision between a car and a person.” Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Nero, 425 So. 2d 730, 733
(La. 1983). Instead, “[t]he operator of a motor vehicle must . . . be at fault in order to be
held liable.” Id.5
Turner actually was a consolidated appeal of two cases involving two separate
motorist-pedestrian accidents. Turner, 476 So. 2d at 801. But Owens cites Turner’s
discussion of the bus wreck only.
8
¶21. For example, in Johnson v. Safeway Insurance Co., 741 So. 2d 32, 34 (La. Ct. App.
1999), the Louisiana Court of Appeals reversed a judgment assessing a motorist fifty percent
fault and entered a judgment in his favor. Significantly, the appellate court recognized the
principle that Owens relies on in this appeal—that, while both motorist and pedestrian owe
a duty of care, “a far greater duty and responsibility to avoid the accident is placed upon the
motorist, who is ‘insulated’ inside his machine and has the greater chance of avoiding the
accident[.]” Id. at 33. Even so, based on the facts, the court held that the pedestrian in
Johnson was the only one who breached her duty of care. The pedestrian had been walking
with two friends “down the middle of an unlit highway with their backs to any traffic in their
lane”—leaving “no doubt” she had been negligent.6 Id. at 33. By contrast, the motorist was
driving below the speed limit, had to contend with the headlights of oncoming vehicles, and
did not see the teenager walking in the street until the cars passed. At that point, there was
no evidence that it would have been physically possible for him to avoid the accident. Id.
at 34. Because the motorist was not proven negligent, the appellate court reversed the
judgment assessing him fifty percent fault and entered judgment in his favor. Id.
¶22. Likewise in Bink v. Blackwell, 429 So. 2d 228 (La. Ct. App. 1983), the Louisiana
Court of Appeals affirmed a trial court’s finding that a pickup truck driver who hit a woman
walking alongside the road at night was not at fault. Like Owens, the pedestrian in Bink
6
The Johnson court noted that, under Louisiana statute, “Where sidewalks are not
provided, any pedestrian walking along and upon a highway shall, when practicable, walk
only on the left side of the highway or its shoulder, facing traffic which may approach from
the opposite direction.” Johnson, 741 So. 2d at 33-34 (quoting La. Stat. Ann. § 32:216(B)).
9
argued the truck driver could have avoided the accident and, thus, was at fault.7 The
appellate court disagreed, finding it was “by no means clear that the [driver],” who was
traveling at a safe speed, “should have seen the [pedestrian],” who had been wearing dark
clothing and walking on the side of the road in the same direction as oncoming traffic. Id.
at 231.
¶23. Here, the evidence supports the jury’s conclusion that Owens, and only Owens,
breached his duty of care. Like the motorist in Johnson, Gates was traveling slowly and did
not see Owens in time to avoid the accident. By contrast, like the pedestrian in Bink, Owens
was walking in the lane of travel of an unlit highway, with his back to oncoming traffic and
wearing dark clothing. So the jury’s verdict is consistent with factually similar cases
applying Louisiana law.
B. Weight of the Evidence
¶24. The jury’s verdict is also supported by the evidence. On appeal, Owens argues the
overwhelming weight of the evidence showed Gates had been distracted “almost certainly
from using his cell phone while driving.” But this argument dismisses both the evidence that
Gates had not been distracted and the evidence Owens was struck in the lane of travel as
7
Bink predates Turner by two years. At that time, contributory negligence was a
complete defense—except in motorist-pedestrian accidents. Bink, 429 So. 2d at 230
(discussing Baumgartner v. State Farm Mut. Ins. Co., 356 So. 2d 400, 405 (La. 1978)).
Under the Baumgartner ruling, a motorist could not simply point to the pedestrian’s
negligence to excuse him from any fault. Id. Instead, Baumgartner held that a motorist
should anticipate situations where a pedestrian may not act prudently and, thus, bears the
burden to avoid the accident when the exercise of due care provides the opportunity to do
so. Id. By the time of Turner, Louisiana had abolished by statute the contributory-
negligence defense and adopted comparative negligence instead. So Baumgartner was “no
longer needed.” Turner, 476 So. 2d at 804-05.
10
simply not credible. However, credibility determinations are made by the jury, not an
appellate court.
¶25. This Court has been clear that, “[w]hen testimony is contradicted”—as it was
here—“this Court will defer to the jury, which determines the weight and worth of testimony
and the credibility of the witness at trial.” Venton v. Beckham, 845 So. 2d 676, 684 (Miss.
2003) (quoting Odom v. Roberts, 606 So. 2d 114, 118 (Miss. 1992)). Indeed, this Court
“will show great deference to the jury verdict by resolving all conflicts in the evidence and
every permissible inference from the evidence in the appellee’s favor.” Id. The jury heard
conflicting evidence about Gates’s cell-phone usage and alertness at the time of the accident.
There was also conflicting evidence about whether Owens had been wearing an orange vest
over his dark clothing and about where he was standing when he was struck. When these
conflicts are resolved in Gates’s favor, the jury’s verdict is supported by the record and is not
against the overwhelming weight of the evidence. Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its
discretion when it denied Owens’s motion to alter the verdict or, alternatively, for a new trial.
II. Owens’s Drug Use
¶26. Owens also claims the jury’s verdict was “improperly influenced by something other
than the admitted evidence.”
11
¶27. The first supposed “improper influence” is Owens’s history of drug use.8 Owens
claims the defense emphasized his substance abuse “to deliberately appeal to the biases and
prejudices of the jury.” Owens concedes his history of drug use was relevant to the question
of Owens’s own negligence and the extent and causation of his injuries. Yet he argues the
defense improperly used this relevant evidence to inflame the jury against him. He points
to Mississippi Rule of Evidence 403, arguing “[e]ven where relevant, this type of evidence
should be excluded if its probative value is outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.”
But he fails to cite anywhere in the record where he asked the trial judge to exclude certain
evidence of his drug abuse under Rule 403.
¶28. Owens broadly asserts that two defense witnesses, Mills and Dr. Mark Webb, “served
virtually no other purpose than to inundate the jury with inflammatory, cumulative, and
improper evidence.” However, Mills’s testimony that Owens now claims was particularly
offensive—her testimony “about completely irrelevant domestic incidents and criminal
charges”—was given without objection. And while Owens did lodge a Daubert challenge
to Dr. Webb’s expert testimony, his objection was that Dr. Webb, a forensic psychiatrist,
should not be allowed to rebut his experts, a neurologist and neuropsychologist.9 He did not
8
While Owens also claims the jury’s verdict was improperly influenced by “hearsay,”
Owens neither specifies what evidence he claims was hearsay nor points to any objection
to its admission. As this Court has held, “unobjected-to hearsay evidence, once received by
the court and presented to the jury, becomes competent evidence and may aid in supporting
a verdict the same as any other competent evidence.” Veal v. State, 585 So. 2d 693, 697
(Miss. 1991).
9
On appeal, Owens is not arguing that the trial court reversibly erred when it
overruled his Daubert objection and allowed Dr. Webb to testify as an expert. See Miss.
Transp. Comm’n v. McLemore, 863 So. 2d 31, 35 (Miss. 2003) (adopting the test for
12
object at trial to the portion of Dr. Webb’s testimony concerning Owens’s drug use as
unfairly prejudicial under Rule 403. So he cannot now raise this issue for the first time on
appeal. Miss. Dep’t of Human Servs. v. Moore, 632 So. 2d 929, 933 (Miss. 1994) (citing
Miss. R. Evid. 103(a)(1); Anderson v. Jaeger, 317 So. 2d 902, 907 (Miss. 1975); Johnson
v. Fargo, 604 So. 2d 306 (Miss. 1992)). This issue was simply not preserved.
¶29. The only specific objection Owens cites in his brief was his objection to Dr. Webb’s
testifying about one of Owens’s medical reports. This report had been prepared by another
psychiatrist, Dr. Peter Camp. And he insists that report was unreliable to form the basis of
Dr. Webb’s expert opinion. But the trial court sustained this objection. And Dr. Webb was
prohibited from testifying about Dr. Camp’s report.
¶30. While Dr. Camp’s report later was admitted into evidence, the trial court ruled it was
admissible as part of Owens’s medical records, which Owens himself had authenticated. We
discern no reversible error in the admission of Dr. Camp’s report or any other evidence of
Owens’s substance abuse. Both Owens and his team of experts corroborated his history of
drug addiction. And Owens does not deny this evidence was relevant. Therefore, it was
admissible. See Miss. R. Evid. 402.
III. Justice Court Judge Abraham Gates
¶31. Owens also takes issue with Judge Gates’s serving as a jury consultant for the defense.
Owens argues Judge Gates not only served as a jury consultant, but also his role as a part-
determining the admissibility of expert witness testimony set forth in Daubert v. Merrell
Dow Pharms., Inc., 509 U.S. 579, 113 S. Ct. 2786, 125 L. Ed. 2d 469 (1993), as modified
in Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael, 526 U.S. 137, 119 S. Ct. 1167, 143 L. Ed. 2d 238(1999)).
13
time judge improperly benefitted his cousin, in violation of the Mississippi Code of Judicial
Conduct. In fact, the only law Owens cites are Canons 1 and 2B of the Code of Judicial
Conduct.10 But the Code of Judicial Conduct “is designed to provide guidance to judges . . .
and to provide a structure for regulating conduct through disciplinary agencies.” Miss. Code
of Judicial Conduct Preamble (2018). This is not a judicial-discipline proceeding against
Judge Gates. It is an appeal of a jury verdict in a civil trial. And as the Code itself cautions,
its designated purpose “would be subverted if the Code were invoked by lawyers for mere
tactical advantage in a proceeding.” Id. Instead of articulating how the judge who presided
over his trial reversibly erred, it appears Owens is trying to invoke the Code—against a non-
presiding judge outside of that judge’s court—as a means to gain a new trial where he
otherwise is not entitled to one.
¶32. For example, Owens claims the circuit judge, the Honorable Jannie Lewis, should
never have allowed Judge Gates to “participate” in the trial. But as Judge Lewis recognized,
Judge Gates was allowed as a part-time judge “to practice law or any other profession or
occupation.” Miss. Code of Judicial Conduct Terminology (2018). Had Judge Gates been
an attorney, he could have tried the case for the defense. So we fail to see why his position
as justice court judge precluded him from attending trial.11
10
In particular, he asserts Judge Gates’s actions are akin to the example given in the
comment to Canon 2B: “A judge must avoid lending the prestige of judicial office for the
advancement of the private interest of others. For example, a judge must not use the judge’s
judicial position to gain advantage in a civil suit involving a member of the judge’s family.”
Miss. Code of Judicial Conduct Canon 2B cmt. (2018).
11
While Owens repeatedly claims Judge Gates “participated” in the trial, it appears
from the record that Judge Gates’s only participation in his role as a jury consultant was
14
¶33. Owens also, without citing any authority, claims Judge Lewis should have granted his
motion for a mistrial. Uniform Rule of Circuit and County Court Practice 3.12 does permit
the trial court to grant a motion for mistrial if a party, a party’s attorney, or someone acting
at the behest of the other party or party’s attorney engages in misconduct, inside or outside
of the courtroom, that substantially and irreparably prejudices the movant’s case. URCCC
3.12. In reviewing Owens’s mistrial claim, the question is not, as Owens’s frames it, whether
Judge Gates engaged in “misconduct” that would subject him to judicial discipline. Instead,
the question is did the trial judge abuse her discretion when she found no mistrial was
warranted based on the jurors’ responses to voir dire as to Will Gates’s relationship to Judge
Gates and any impact Judge Gates’s presence would have on their impartiality.
¶34. Owens’s complaint that his case was substantially and irreparably prejudiced by Judge
Gate’s “physical presence in the courtroom” has no support in the record. The trial judge
addressed the issue of Judge Gates’s presence during voir dire the day before Owens moved
for mistrial. See Ross v. State, 954 So. 2d 968, 988 (Miss. 2007) (“In general, a voir dire is
presumed sufficient to ensure a fair and impartial jury.”). During voir dire, all venire
members responded affirmatively when asked if they knew or knew of Judge Gates. But as
this Court has observed, in rural counties like Humphreys County, Mississippi, “it [is] not
unusual for potential jurors to know parties and witnesses in trials” and “finding jurors with
attending trial. Judge Gates, a non-lawyer, did not ask the venire questions or otherwise
interact with the jury on behalf of the defense. Before the jury was selected, as soon as
Owens’s counsel alerted Judge Lewis to his presence, Judge Lewis asked Judge Gates to
leave counsel table, because he was not a licensed attorney. The only thing Judge Lewis did
not do that Owens insists she should have is forbid Judge Gates from coming to court.
15
no knowledge of the case or the parties [can be] difficult.”12 Payton v. Smith, 897 So. 2d
921, 953-54 (Miss. 2003). Moreover, counsel followed up by asking if Judge Gates’s
presence would influence the jurors’ decision. The group collectively answered that Judge
Gates would not influence their decision “one way whatsoever.” And “[t]his Court will treat
with deference a venire person’s assertions of impartiality.” Ross, 954 So. 2d at 988 (citing
Holland v. State, 705 So. 2d 307, 336, 399-40 (Miss. 1997)) (“This Court has held that a
defendant fails to show the necessary prejudice where . . . the venire members have made
general declarations that they could set aside their prejudices and reach a decision based on
the evidence.”).
¶35. However, the overarching principle is that this Court defers to the trial judge’s ruling
on a motion for a mistrial. Because a “trial judge is in a better position to assess the effect
of incidents which may require a mistrial than is this Court on appeal, . . . this Court will not
reverse on the failure to grant a mistrial unless the judge abused [her] discretion in overruling
the motion for a mistrial.” Cavett v. State, 717 So. 2d 722, 729 (Miss. 1998) (quoting
Bredemeier v. Jackson, 689 So. 2d 770, 774 (Miss. 1997)). Because the venire indicated
that they could be fair and impartial, Judge Lewis did not abuse her discretion when she
denied Owens’s motion for a mistrial, premised solely on Judge Gates’s attendance at trial.
See Payton, 897 So. 2d at 953-54 (finding no abuse of discretion when “jurors assured the
12
We note it was Owens who chose to proceed in Humphreys County where Will
Gates resided, even though other venues were available, such as Rankin County,
Mississippi, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, and federal courts in either state, as there was
complete diversity jurisdiction. See 28 U.S.C. § 1332.
16
court and the attorneys that their familiarity with witnesses would not influence their ability
to be fair and impartial”).
¶36. Therefore, we affirm.
¶37. AFFIRMED.
WALLER, C.J., KITCHENS, P.J., KING, COLEMAN, BEAM, CHAMBERLIN
AND ISHEE, JJ., CONCUR. RANDOLPH, P.J., SPECIALLY CONCURS WITH
SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION JOINED BY WALLER, C.J., COLEMAN AND
ISHEE, JJ.
RANDOLPH, PRESIDING JUSTICE, SPECIALLY CONCURRING:
¶38. I agree that the trial judge committed no error. Whether Justice Court Judge Abraham
Gates’s conduct violated the Code of Judicial Conduct as claimed by Owens is for
determination by the Mississippi Commission on Judicial Performance. See Miss. Const. art.
6, § 177A.
WALLER, C.J., COLEMAN AND ISHEE, JJ., JOIN THIS OPINION.
17