Charles Gregory Davis v. State of Mississippi , 196 So. 3d 194 ( 2016 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2014-KA-00977-COA
CHARLES GREGORY DAVIS A/K/A CHARLES APPELLANT
G. DAVIS A/K/A CHARLES DAVIS A/K/A GREG
DAVIS
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 07/10/2014
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. ROBERT P. CHAMBERLIN
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: DESOTO COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: STEVEN E. FARESE SR.
JOSEPH WHITTEN COOPER
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: BARBARA WAKELAND BYRD
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: JOHN W. CHAMPION
NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - FELONY
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: CONVICTED OF FALSE
REPRESENTATIONS TO DEFRAUD THE
GOVERNMENT, AND SENTENCED TO
FIVE YEARS, WITH TWO AND ONE-HALF
YEARS TO SERVE IN THE CUSTODY OF
THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF
CORRECTIONS AND TWO AND ONE-
HALF YEARS OF POST-RELEASE
SUPERVISION; AND EMBEZZLEMENT,
AND SENTENCED TO NINE YEARS, WITH
TWO AND ONE-HALF YEARS TO SERVE
AND SEVEN-AND-ONE-HALF YEARS OF
POST-RELEASE SUPERVISION, WITH THE
SENTENCES TO RUN CONCURRENTLY,
AND ORDERED TO PAY $18,814.80 IN
RESTITUTION
DISPOSITION: REVERSED AND REMANDED - 07/19/2016
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE GRIFFIS, P.J., BARNES AND ISHEE, JJ.
ISHEE, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. A DeSoto County Circuit Court jury found Charles Gregory Davis guilty of making
a false representation with the intent to defraud the government, and embezzlement. As to
making a false represenation with the intent to defraud the government, the trial court
sentenced Davis to five years, with two and one-half years to serve in the custody of the
Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC) and two and one-half years of postrelease
supervision (PRS). As to the embezzlement conviction, the trial court sentenced Davis to ten
years, with two and one-half years to serve in the custody of the MDOC and seven and one-
half years of PRS.1 Both sentences were ordered to run concurrently. Davis was also
ordered to pay $18,814.80 in restitution – $17,827.14 to the City of Southaven, Mississippi,
and $987.66 to the State Auditor.
¶2. Davis’s posttrial motions were denied. Davis now appeals, asserting the trial court
erred by: (1) denying his motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV); (2)
denying his motion for a change of venue; (3) improperly instructing the jury; (4) denying
his motion for a mistrial; and (5) allowing a witness to testify as to the value of a vehicle.
FACTS
¶3. Davis was the mayor of the City of Southaven (the City) for approximately sixteen
years. While Davis was mayor, with approval from the Board of Aldermen (the Board), he
entered into a lease agreement for a Ford Expedition. Davis used the vehicle for business
1
The circuit court ordered five of the years of PRS to be reporting, and five to be
nonreporting.
2
purposes in his position as mayor.
¶4. According to the terms of the lease, when the lease ended, the City had the option to
either purchase the vehicle for $10,000, sell the vehicle on its own, or have the leasing
company sell the vehicle on behalf of the City. Regardless of whether the vehicle was sold,
the City would be required to pay $10,000 at the end of the lease. If the City did not
purchase the vehicle itself and the vehicle sold for more than $10,000, the profit would go
to the City.2 Before the lease expired, Davis paid the last installment of the lease and
purchased the vehicle from the leasing company for $10,000. After Davis purchased the
vehicle, he fueled his vehicle with gas from the City’s fuel pump. However, he also
submitted reimbursement forms for mileage incurred during his business travel.
¶5. The Board stated that it was not informed of the terms of the lease, and in turn the City
argued that it was never given the opportunity to review its options with respect to the Ford
Expedition. In contrast, Davis claims that he discussed the lease and its terms with the
Board, and that he was not estopped from purchasing the vehicle.
¶6. The State indicted Davis and charged him with one count of false representations to
defraud the government, one count of embezzlement, and one count of false pretenses.3 The
State proceeded with its theory that because the Board was not made aware of the terms of
the lease, and as a result of Davis purchasing the vehicle for himself, the City was denied the
option to exercise its rights in relation to the purchase of the vehicle. Further, the State
2
Two witnesses testified to the estimated value of the vehicle, and opined that it was
worth between $24,000 and $26,000.
3
Eventually, the false-pretenses count was dismissed.
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argued that Davis unlawfully “double dipped” when he traveled for the City in the Ford
Expedition, which had become a personal vehicle, and obtained gasoline from the City
pumps in addition to seeking mileage reimbursement for his travel.
¶7. After a trial, a jury found Davis guilty of false representation and embezzlement.
¶8. On appeal, Davis argues that the trial court erred in (1) denying his motion for a
JNOV; (2) denying his motion for a change of venue; (3) improperly instructing the jury; (4)
denying his motion for a mistrial; and (5) allowing a witness to testify as to the value of a
vehicle. Finding that the trial court erred in denying Davis’s motion for a change of venue,
we reverse and remand.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶9. On February 19, 2014, Davis filed a motion for a change of venue. The motion was
supported by affidavits from Ellen Jernigan, a local Republican Party leader; Mary Monteith,
an attorney from Southaven; and Dr. Randall Huling, a physician from Olive Branch and a
former member of the Southaven Board of Aldermen. The motion also had attached, as
exhibits, copies of numerous news reports about Davis.
¶10. On February 20, 2014, a hearing was conducted on the motion during which Jernigan
testified that the charges against Davis were prominently discussed in DeSoto County and
that many in the community had prejudged Davis to be guilty of the charges against him.
When asked whether Davis could receive a fair trial in DeSoto County, Jernigan responded
by stating, “Oh no, sir. I think that would be like feeding him to a tank full of sharks.”
¶11. At this same hearing, the State failed to put forth any witnesses to rebut Davis’s
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showing that he was entitled to a change of venue. The State did, however, argue that it
believed that a fair jury could be impaneled and requested to go forward with voir dire. The
State expressed that it would concede the motion if a fair jury could not be impaneled. The
trial court stated that it would reserve its ruling until after voir dire, reasoning in part that the
motion for a change of venue was filed only four days before the scheduled trial date.
¶12. However, on February 24, 2014, the anticipated trial date, the State filed a motion to
continue the trial, citing the unavailability of a necessary witness. The motion was discussed
in open court. Davis agreed that the witness was necessary for his defense as well. The trial
court granted the motion and continued the case until June 9, 2014. At this same hearing,
with respect to the motion for a change of venue, the trial court stated that it would consider
“whether [it] need[ed] to reconvene the hearing and have the State present [its] witnesses that
would counter or be contrary to the witnesses [Davis had] presented to determine if [it could]
make a ruling on the motion [for change of venue] prior to convening a jury panel.” The trial
court followed up and stated that “it may be judicially efficient to reconvene the hearing.”
¶13. On June 9, 2014, the trial court began voir dire without reconvening a hearing, and
the State never put forth witnesses to rebut the presumption that arose with Davis’s
application for a change of venue. When the trial court engaged in voir dire and asked
whether any of the venire had read, seen, or heard anything about the case, sixty-two out of
eight-eight members of the venire responded affirmatively. When the trial jury was
impaneled, nine of the twelve jurors plus the two alternates were among those who had stated
during voir dire that they had read, seen, or heard something about Davis’s case.
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¶14. After jury selection, Davis renewed his motion for a change of venue. The trial court
responded that
for the record . . . the better practice . . . would have been to reconvene the
hearing, given that the [d]efense had come forward with their affidavits and
their witnesses so that a ruling could be made ahead of time in regard to the
motion. Of course, if the motion is denied at that point, we still find ourselves
in the situation of having to see if we can seat a jury, knowing that this is a
high profile case that’s received a lot of attention. As we sit here today, we
called in a substantial number of additional jurors to take into account the
concern.
The trial court ultimately denied the change of venue, and the jury found Davis guilty of
making a false representation with the intent to defraud the government, and embezzlement.
After Davis’s sentencing and the denial of his posttrial motions, this appeal ensued.
LAW AND DISCUSSION
¶15. In Johnson v. State, 476 So. 2d 1195, 1210 (citing Eddins v. State, 110 Miss. 780, 783,
70 So. 898, 899 (1916)), the Mississippi Supreme Court explained:
The right to trial by an impartial jury is guaranteed by the organic law of the
state, and when it is doubtful that such a jury can be obtained in the county of
the venue of the [crime], the person on trial . . . is but asking for his rights
when he requests a change of venue[;] there is no imaginable reason to refuse,
except, possibly, a slight additional cost to the county.
¶16. Mississippi's change-of-venue statute is found in Mississippi Code Annotated section
99-15-35 (Rev. 2015). It states:
On satisfactory showing, in writing, sworn to by the prisoner, made to the
court, or to the judge thereof in vacation, supported by the affidavits of two or
more credible persons, that, by reason of prejudgment of the case, or grudge
or ill will to the defendant in the public mind, he cannot have a fair and
impartial trial in the county where the offense is charged to have been
committed, the circuit court, or the judge thereof in vacation, may change the
venue in any criminal case to a convenient county, upon such terms, as to the
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costs in the case, as may be proper.
¶17. A change of venue is at “the discretion of the trial [court], and [its] ruling thereon will
not be disturbed on appeal unless it clearly appears that there has been an abuse of discretion
or that the discretion has not been justly and properly exercised under the circumstances of
the case.” Beech v. Leaf River Forest Prods., 691 So. 2d 446, 448 (Miss. 1997). “Where .
. . the evidence is conflicting on the question of whether or not the defendant could receive
a fair and impartial trial, [an appellate c]ourt will generally defer to the considered opinion
of the trial [court].” Burrell v. State, 613 So. 2d 1186, 1190 (Miss. 1993).
¶18. This Court explained the analysis for a motion to change venue in Stewart v. State, 29
So. 3d 12, 14 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2008), as follows:
Under Mississippi law, upon a proper application for a change of venue a
presumption arises that an impartial jury cannot be obtained. A proper
application for change of venue is made by making a motion supported by the
affidavits of two or more witnesses in conformance with the requirements of
[Mississippi Code Annotated section] 99-15-35 [(Rev. 2015)]. Furthermore,
our supreme court has identified several factors that, when present, make the
presumption for a change of venue irrebuttable. These are:
(1) Capital cases based on considerations of a heightened standard of review;
(2) Crowds threatening violence toward the accused;
(3) An inordinate amount of media coverage, particularly in cases of
(a) serious crimes against influential families;
(b) serious crimes against public officials;
(c) serial crimes;
(d) crimes committed by a black defendant upon a white victim;
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(e) where there is inexperienced trial counsel.
(Internal citations omitted).
¶19. In reviewing whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying a change of
venue, “we look to the completed trial, particularly including the voir dire examination of
prospective jurors, to determine whether the accused received a fair trial.” Lutes v. State, 517
So. 2d 541, 546 (Miss. 1987) (citation omitted).
¶20. As pointed out by Davis, the procedure employed by the trial court in the instant case
has been criticized by the Mississippi Supreme Court, which has stated that “the trial judge
should not wait to see if voir dire cures doubts created at a venue hearing.” Weeks v. State,
493 So. 2d 1280, 1287 (Miss. 1986); see also Fisher v. State, 481 So. 2d 203, 223 (Miss.
1985) (“Absent unusual circumstances, the trial judge should rule on the motion at the
conclusion of the venue hearing and in any event prior to the summoning of the prospective
jurors for trial.”)
¶21. The State, acknowledging the cases relied upon by Davis, argues that the supreme
court has also held that one way to rebut the presumption that an impartial jury cannot be
obtained is “by proving from voir dire that the trial court impaneled an impartial jury.”
Welde v. State, 3 So. 3d 113, 118 (¶23) (Miss. 2009) (citation omitted). However, the State’s
reliance on Welde is misplaced because the State in Welde presented five witnesses each
testifying that a fair and impartial jury could be found. Id. at 119 (¶25). Only after hearing
the State’s witnesses to rebut the presumption that arose with the application of a motion for
a change of venue did the trial court in Welde, on its own accord and not at the behest of the
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State, reserve its ruling on the motion pending the voir dire examination. Id. Based on its
conclusion that the trial court took appropriate steps to ensure a fair and impartial jury was
impaneled, the supreme court found that the trial court did not abuse its discretion. Id. at
(¶29).
¶22. In the case at bar, we find that the trial court erred in denying the motion for a change
of venue in light of the fact that the State failed to rebut the presumption that arose upon
Davis’s application for a change of venue. Unlike in Welde, the State simply requested to
proceed with voir dire without putting forth any witnesses or submitting any affidavits. The
trial court was well aware of the fact that the media had focused on Davis and had produced
not only news stories about the case at bar, but also stories about other matters relating to
Davis, including his arrest and conviction for passing a stopped school bus; his divorce; his
sexual orientation; and his lawsuit with the State Auditor’s office. These articles were
circulated by local newspapers and covered by television stations based in nearby Memphis,
Tennessee.
¶23. As explained by the supreme court:
On the one hand, we regard freedom of the press as essential to the security of
our democratic society. At the same time our law vests in each person charged
with a crime the right to be tried in the courtroom, not the newspaper, the right
to have his or her guilt pronounced only by the jury, not the media. Our law
has provided a mechanism for accommodation of these rights: the change of
venue.
Fisher, 481 So. 2d at 223. Mississippi caselaw also suggests that the trial court should be
prepared to change the venue for a case that has an inordinate amount of media coverage,
particularly in cases of serious crimes against public officials, which is present in the instant
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case. See Stewart, 29 So. 3d at 14 (¶7). In the case at bar, we reiterate that sixty-two out of
eighty-eight members of the venire responded affirmatively to having seen publicity relating
to Davis. When the jury was impaneled, nine of the twelve jurors plus the two alternates
were persons who had stated during voir dire that they had read, seen, or heard something
about the case. With these numbers, the trial court should have granted, and the State should
have conceded as it suggested it would, the change-of-venue motion.
¶24. Furthermore, procedurally, it is evident that the trial court was aware of its mistake
in failing to rule on the change-of-venue motion prior to the trial date. The trial court’s
comments quoted supra reveal it was cognizant of the following concerns: the inefficiency
of the court in proceeding with voir dire without having already ruled upon the motion to
change venue; the State’s having never rebutted Davis’s witness and affidavits; the
undeniable amount of attention Davis had received prior to trial, most of which was negative;
and the need to pull from a larger jury pool to “take into account the concern” for the amount
of publicity. The culmination of the facts make it “clear[] . . . there has been an abuse of
discretion or that the discretion has not been justly and properly exercised under the
circumstances of the case.” Beech, 691 So. 2d at 448.
¶25. Finally, we are concerned with the State’s approach of relying solely on voir dire as
a means of rebutting the presumption with respect to a change of venue. We can find no
jurisprudence supporting this strategy, and if we were to condone it, section 99-15-35 would
serve no purpose. It is also naive to believe that the amount of time and costs accrued in the
decision to attempt to impanel a jury does not create a momentum to move forward to resolve
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the case at hand, potentially at the expense of safeguards that are necessary to protect the
defendant’s right to a fair and impartial jury. In addition, Davis’s trial strategy is arguably
adversely affected since he did not know where his trial would be held until the morning of
the trial, specifically when the trial court denied the motion to change venue after jury
selection.
¶26. For the foregoing reasons, we find the trial court erred in denying Davis’s motion for
a change of venue and reverse and remand the trial court’s judgment. In light of our
findings, we need not discuss the other assignments of error Davis has raised on appeal.
¶27. THE JUDGMENT OF THE DESOTO COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT IS
REVERSED, AND THIS CASE IS REMANDED FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS
CONSISTENT WITH THIS OPINION. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE
ASSESSED TO DESOTO COUNTY.
LEE, C.J., IRVING AND GRIFFIS, P.JJ., AND BARNES, J., CONCUR. FAIR
AND WILSON, JJ., CONCUR IN PART AND IN THE RESULT WITHOUT
SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION. JAMES, J., CONCURS IN PART WITHOUT
SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION. CARLTON AND GREENLEE, JJ., NOT
PARTICIPATING.
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