John Joseph Dedeaux v. State of Mississippi ( 2020 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2019-CP-00319-COA
JOHN JOSEPH DEDEAUX APPELLANT
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 01/25/2019
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. ROGER T. CLARK
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HANCOCK COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: JOHN JOSEPH DEDEAUX (PRO SE)
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: SCOTT STUART
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POST-CONVICTION RELIEF
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 04/14/2020
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE BARNES, C.J., WESTBROOKS AND C. WILSON, JJ.
WESTBROOKS, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Appearing pro se, John Joseph Dedeaux appeals from the Hancock County Circuit
Court’s denial of his motion for post-conviction collateral relief (PCR). After a review of
the record, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. On July 17, 1989, a Hancock County grand jury indicted Dedeaux in cause number
7086 for one count of burglary of a dwelling in violation of Mississippi Code Annotated
section 97-17-19 (1972) (repealed 1996).
¶3. On September 12, 1989, Dedeaux submitted a petition to enter a plea of guilty, which
the circuit court accepted. Dedeaux pled guilty and was sentenced to serve ten years in the
custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections. Dedeaux’s conviction was later
employed as an underlying cause to charge him as a habitual offender in a subsequent case,
which resulted in a thirty-year sentence in 1994.
¶4. On January 11, 2019, nearly thirty years later, Dedeaux filed a PCR motion with the
circuit court. He alleged that the indictment for the 1989 conviction was deficient and did
not confer jurisdiction upon the circuit court to preside over his case. Specifically, Dedeaux
argued that the indictment failed to set forth the essential elements of the offense for which
he was charged (burglary).
¶5. On January 25, 2019, the circuit court entered an order denying Dedeaux’s PCR
motion. From that denial, Dedeaux filed the instant appeal.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶6. When reviewing a circuit court’s denial of a PCR motion, we will only disturb a
decision that was clearly erroneous. Kirksey v. State, 728 So. 2d 565, 567 (¶8) (Miss. 1999)
(citing State v. Tokman, 564 So. 2d 1339, 1341 (Miss. 1990)). Questions of law are reviewed
de novo. Rice v. State, 910 So. 2d 1163, 1164-65 (¶4) (Miss. Ct. App. 2005) (citing Brown
v. State, 731 So. 2d 595, 598 (¶6) (Miss. 1999)).
DISCUSSION
¶7. Dedeaux challenges the legal sufficiency of his indictment, specifically that the “intent
to steal” clause in his indictment is not cognizable as an offense to support the charge of
burglary under Mississippi law. He argues that the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction
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to preside over his case because of the alleged defect.
I. Procedural Bar
¶8. The Uniform Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act (UPCCRA) provides that in the
case of a guilty plea, a PCR motion must be filed within the three-year period following the
entry of the judgment of conviction. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-5(2) (Rev. 2015). “[F]our
types of ‘fundamental rights’ have been expressly found to survive PCR procedural bars: (1)
the right against double jeopardy; (2) the right to be free from an illegal sentence; (3) the
right to due process at sentencing; and (4) the right not to be subject to ex post facto laws.”
Green v. State, 235 So. 3d 1438, 1440 (¶9) (Miss. Ct. App. 2017) (quoting Salter v. State,
184 So. 3d 944, 950 (¶22) (Miss. Ct. App. 2015)). Dedeaux claims that because his
indictment was insufficient, it failed to protect him from subsequent prosecution for the same
crime (i.e., double jeopardy). The present PCR motion was filed almost thirty years after his
1989 conviction and would normally be subject to the statutory time-bar, but claims
involving “errors affecting fundamental constitutional rights” are excepted from the
procedural bars imposed by the UPCCRA. McCoy v. State, 111 So. 3d 673, 677 (¶14) (Miss.
Ct. App. 2012) (quoting Rowland v. State, 42 So. 3d 503, 506 (¶9) (Miss. 2010)).
Accordingly, we will address the merits of his claim.
II. The Indictment
¶9. Our Court recently noted that “[t]he issue of whether an indictment is fatally defective
is a question of law and warrants a broad standard of review by this Court. Since this issue
is a question of law, the standard of review is de novo.” Hubbard v. State, 269 So. 3d 368,
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370 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App. 2018) (quoting Travelstead v. State, 232 So. 3d 752, 758 (¶16)
(Miss. Ct. App. 2017)). Because Dedeaux pled guilty to the charge at issue, he waived any
claims of alleged defects or insufficiencies in the indictment with the exception of a “failure
to charge an essential element of the crime” or “lack of subject matter jurisdiction.” Alford
v. State, 185 So. 3d 429, 431 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2016) (quoting Joiner v. State, 61 So. 3d
156, 159 (¶7) (Miss. 2011)). Although the current claim involves a failure to charge an
essential element, it is without merit.
¶10. Indictments serve as a mechanism to “inform the defendant with some measure of
certainty as to the nature of the charges brought against him so that he may have a reasonable
opportunity to prepare an effective defense” and “shall contain the essential facts constituting
the offenses charged and shall fully notify the defendant of the nature and cause of the
accusation.” Hubbard, 269 So. 3d at 370 (¶7) (quoting Travelstead, 232 So. 3d at 758 (¶16)).
¶11. Dedeaux complains that the indictment for his 1989 burglary conviction failed to
allege a violation of the essential statutory elements for burglary as provided in Mississippi
Code Annotated section 97-17-19, which at the time read as follows:
Every person who shall be convicted of breaking and entering any dwelling
house, in the day or night, with the intent to commit a crime, shall be guilty of
burglary, and be imprisoned in the penitentiary not more than ten years.
The pertinent portion of Dedeaux’s indictment alleged that he
did unlawfully, willfully, feloniously and burglariously break and enter the
dwelling house of Mrs. Roma Smith located at 703 Washington Street, Bay St.
Louis, Mississippi, with the intent to steal personal property therein.
Dedeaux asserts that the indictment language alleging his “intent to steal personal property”
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did not adequately set forth the element of “intent to commit a crime.” Dedeaux’s argument
is seemingly based on the belief that his indictment did not state the underlying criminal
element of intent with the requisite particularity. We disagree.
¶12. Dedeaux cites Gales v. State, 131 So. 3d 1238 (Miss. Ct. App. 2013), in support of
his position. In Gales, this Court reversed Gales’s conviction and dismissed the indictment
after finding that the State failed to include two essential statutory elements of the alleged
crime (nondwelling burglary) in his indictment. Id. at 1240 (¶¶9-10). Unlike Gales,
Dedeaux’s indictment contains each of the essential elements when compared with the
relevant statute. Dedeaux’s argument regarding the heightened particularity requirement for
the second element is misplaced.
¶13. The State highlights the Mississippi Supreme Court’s decision in Booker v. State, 716
So. 2d 1064 (Miss. 1998), where the Supreme Court faced a similar indictment challenge.
Booker appealed from the circuit court’s denial of his motion to quash the indictment
charging him with burglary and argued that the indictment’s second element of “intent to
commit an assault” did not convey adequate details about the underlying crime of assault.
Id. at 1067 (¶10). The Supreme Court rejected Booker’s argument and found that although
the indictment was required to state a particular intended crime, “the allegation of the ulterior
felony intended need not, however, be set out as fully and specifically as would be required
in an indictment for the actual commission of that felony.” Id. at 1069 (¶12). The Supreme
Court further explained that “[i]t is ordinarily sufficient to state the intended offense
generally, as by alleging an intent to steal, or commit the crime of larceny, rape or arson.”
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Id. (emphasis added) (quoting 13 Am. Jur. 2d Burglary § 36 (1964)); see also McCoy, 111
So. 3d at 678 (¶16).
¶14. In Dedeaux’s indictment, the underlying offense of “intent to steal” was alleged
generally, and the indictment’s language went further to identify the objects of his criminal
intent as “personal property.” Accordingly, we find the indictment was sufficient and this
issue to be without merit.
¶15. Finding no defects in Dedeaux’s indictment, and likewise no violation of his
fundamental constitutional right, this claim is procedurally barred and without merit. The
circuit court appropriately denied Dedeaux’s PCR motion.
¶16. AFFIRMED.
BARNES, C.J., CARLTON, P.J., GREENLEE, TINDELL, McDONALD,
LAWRENCE, McCARTY AND C. WILSON, JJ., CONCUR. J. WILSON, P.J.,
CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.
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