Melton v. M'Donald , 2 Mo. 39 ( 1828 )

Tompkins, X,

delivered the opinion of the Court.

M’Donald, as administrator of Daniel Polk, alias Pogue, sued Melton in an action of detinue for some slaves, and had judgment, to reverse which Melton sued out his writ of error.

The facts on which the verdict was found, on which this judgment was rendered, are the same as those which were the basis of the action of M’Donald v. Walton,^* decided at this term, except that the acts of the General Assembly of the State of Kentucky were not given in evidence. In this case it is not then material to notice more than two of the errors assigned, which are: First. That the verdict and judgment are for the aggregate value of the slaves. Second. That the evidence does not support the declaration. The declaration contains two counts. In the queriiur the plaintiff calls himself administrator, &c., of Polk. In the first count he states his cause of action thus : For that whereas, said Polk, &.C., in his life time, on 1st Jan., 1803, at, &c., was lawfully possesed, as of his own right and property, of certain goods and chattels, &c., and being possessed thereof, the said Polk afterwards, to-wit: on, &c., at, &c., casually lost the said, &c., and the same, &c., on the 10th June, 1826, came into the possession of said Melton by finding. The second count states the cause of action as the first did, except that the birth of some children, descended from two of the slaves, is alledged to have taken place between the 1st of January, 1803, and the 10th June, 1826, and both counts then deny that the slaves were restored to the intestate in his life time, or to the administrator since the death of the intestate.

To maintain this action for goods, the plaintiff must have the right of property in himself, and the immediate right of possession. The gist of the action is the wrong-(46) ful detainer, and not the original taking. See 1 Cliitty, 121-2, and authorities there cited. In the statement of his cause of action, it must be shown that the goods, &c., were the plaintiff’s,'either by words “ of the plaintiff,” or that he was possessed of the goods, &c., or the omission will be fatal,'even after verdict, the objection being the want of title, and not a title defectively stated. 1 Ckitty 367, and cases there ■ cited. But when the right of action accrues to the'intestate in his life time, and the administrator wishes to sue in the right of the intestate, then he must s.how property in such intestate, and a wrongful detainer in his life time ; then averring the death of the intestate and his own appointment as administrator, he shows his right to a re«covery. This plaintiff" has chosen here .to show property in the intestate.

The proof is, that in 1807 or 8, Polk died possessed off these slaves, except those horn since his death ; that in a few weeks after his death, the widow removed from Kentucky, where he died, to St. Louis county, and married one Chapman, from which-marriage came the wife of Melton, as whose portion Melton received, by her father’s. will, these- slaves. Polk being dead, many years before Melton had possession of these slaves, could never have had, on account of such possession and detainer, any right'of action against him -T and it is-in vain that the declaration shows the slaves to have been lost several years before Pogue’s death ;. the testimony does not bear it out;. and the action must be brought in the righ’t of him against whom there was a wrongful detainer. M’Donald had no election to make, there being no detainer against his intestate ; it is in vain that he resorts to fiction, by stating that Polk or Pogue lost in his life time. He should have stated, as he has proved, that he (the administrator). was possessed as of his own right and property of, &.C., and lost- them — the losing certainly is fiction, but the right to the. property is such a right as must be proved, and could, under the decision of this Court, have been proved, for so soon as he took out letters of administration, he became vested with a right to all the property found in this State, of which Polk had the right at the.time of his death — and having the right of property coupled- with an immediate right of possession, he had a right to feign a possession in himself for the purpose of maintaining this action. It is not (47) sufficient that he has stated the possession to be in his intestate, for even had he-averred the death of Polk, (which has not been done,) he could only have made out-, his right of property by argument, and the rules of pleading requires that facts must-be stated clearly and distinctly. See 1 Chitly, 236. Had a right of action accrued for a promise- to pay money to the intestate, in his life time, there could have been no-election left to the administrator, he would have been compelled to bring his action in the right of the intestate, and then the promise must have been stated, and proved • to have been made to-the intestate;,, and proof of a promise made to the administra- ■ tor, would-not have supported a count on a promise to the intestate. Starkie, part-4th and vol-2, p. 541, and authorities.cited.

But when there is a wrongful detainer against the intestate in his life time,-which is continued against the administrator, he may make his election to sue in the right of the intestate, or in his own rightif he elect to-sue in the right of the intestate,, he must produce proof of a wrongfnl detainer from the intestate y- hut if he elect to sue in his own right, and prove a detainer from himself, then he must, in his declara-tion, show a right of property in himself, either by the words “ of the plaintiff, or that he was possessed of the goods, &c.” What may be the consequence of the first error assigned, it is not material to decide now. The authority cited (10 Co. Rep., 319,) shows that if no value-is found, the defect cannot be supplied by a writ of inquiry.: but here the aggregate value is found, and there-are authorities that the defect in such -cases may he supplied by a writ of inquiry. We are, therefore,-willing to» leave this to he decided when it shall he more minutely investigated by counsel, thatc it has been, in this case- The declaration is not supported by the evidence, andi the Circuit Court should so have instructed the jury, when requested by the de- - fendant.

The judgment is, therefore, reversed, and the cause remanded for further proceedings in conformity with this opinion.

* See next case.