State of Missouri, ex rel., Kimberly M. Gardner, Circuit Attorney of the City of St. Louis, Relator v. Honorable Michael F. Stelzer, Circuit Judge, Division Six, Twenty-Second Circuit ( 2019 )

In the Missouri Court of Appeals
Eastern District
WRIT DIVISION FOUR
STATE OF MISSOURI, ex rel., ) No. ED107482
KIMBERLY M. GARDNER, CIRCUIT )
ATTORNEY OF THE CITY OF ST. LOUIS, )
) Writ of Prohibition
Relator, )
) City of St. Louis Circuit Court
vs. ) Cause No. 1822-CC11132
)
HONORABLE MICHAEL F. STELZER, )
CIRCUIT JUDGE, DIVISION SIX, )
TWENTY-SECOND CIRCUIT, )
)
Respondent. ) FILED: February 13, 2019
OPINION
Relator, Kimberly M. Gardner, Circuit Attorney of the City of St. Louis (Circuit
Attorney) seeks a Writ of Prohibition to prevent Respondent, the Honorable Michael F. Stelzer
(Respondent or Judge Stelzer) from enforcing his order of December 18, 2018, denying Circuit
Attorney’s Motion to Quash Subpoena of Chris Hinckley, Chief Warrant Officer for the Circuit
Attorney Office (Hinckley), and denying Circuit Attorney’s Motion to Dismiss St. Louis
Metropolitan Police Officer John Doe’s (John Doe) underlying Motion for Temporary
Restraining Order and Permanent Injunction (TRO Motion).
Circuit Attorney also filed Suggestions in Support of Writ of Prohibition, Exhibits, and
Motions to Seal Exhibits. This court issued a Preliminary Order in Prohibition and sealed the
exhibits. Respondent filed a Combined Motion to Dismiss and Suggestions in Opposition and
Exhibits.1 We dispense with further briefing as permitted by Rule 84.24(i). We make the
Preliminary Order in Prohibition permanent.
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On September 4, 2018, John Doe filed a TRO Motion against Circuit Attorney and the St.
Louis Police Department alleging that on August 28, 2018, he and several other officers of the
St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department were placed on an “exclusion list” by Circuit Attorney
without explanation and alleged this was detrimental to his job, reputation, and promotion. John
Doe filed a (TRO Motion) prohibiting the dissemination of this “exclusion list” to the public and
demanded that the Circuit Attorney be required to indicate the reasoning and procedures
established for inclusion on this list.
On September 5, 2018, Circuit Attorney filed a Motion to Dismiss this action based on
the insufficiency of the TRO Motion, alleging that the TRO Motion failed to state a claim upon
which relief can be granted because John Doe failed to state a cognizable claim. Both the TRO
Motion and Circuit Attorney’s Motion to Dismiss were heard on September 6, 2018, by Judge
Stelzer without a record.
On September 6, 2018, Judge Stelzer issued an order granting the TRO Motion, which
prohibited the voluntary dissemination of the exclusion list, and denied Circuit Attorney’s
Motion to Dismiss.
On October 4, 2018, Circuit Attorney filed a Consent Memorandum, consenting to a
permanent order and agreeing to keep confidential and refrain from disseminating the exclusion
list. Neither the September 6, 2018, order granting the TRO Motion nor the October 4, 2018,
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Respondent’s Combined Motion to Dismiss was filed by attorneys representing John Doe and
the St. Louis Police Officers Association. This court is unaware of any order granting leave for
the St. Louis Police Officers Association to intervene in this action.
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consent memorandum addressed John Doe’s request for an order mandating Circuit Attorney to
provide the reasons or procedures for the placement of officers’ names onto the exclusion list.
On December 6, 2018, Hinckley was served with a subpoena to appear for deposition
regarding the exclusion list. On December 7, 2018, Circuit Attorney filed objections and a
Motion to Quash Subpoena based on work product, privilege grounds, and infringement of her
discretion and authority as elected circuit attorney. On December 18, 2018, Judge Stelzer
summarily denied this Motion to Quash after hearing without a record. On January 7, 2019,
Circuit Attorney filed this Writ of Prohibition with Suggestions in Support and Exhibits. On
January 8, 2019, we issued a Preliminary Order in Prohibition directing Judge Stelzer to refrain
from all action in Cause No. 1822-CC11132 until further notice. Thereafter, Judge Stelzer, John
Doe, and the St. Louis Police Officers Association filed their Combined Motion to Dismiss and
Suggestions in Opposition with attached Exhibits.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
“The writ of prohibition, an extraordinary remedy, is to be used with great caution and
forbearance and only in cases of extreme necessity.” State ex rel. Gardner v. Boyer, 561 S.W.3d
389, 394 (Mo. banc 2018) (quoting State ex rel. Douglas Toyota III, Inc. v. Keeter, 804 S.W.2d
750, 752 (Mo. banc 1991)). “The essential function of prohibition is to correct or prevent inferior
courts and agencies from acting without or in excess of their [authority or] jurisdiction.” Id.
“Prohibition is a discretionary writ that may be issued to prevent an abuse of judicial discretion,
to avoid irreparable harm to a party, or to prevent the exercise of extra-jurisdictional authority.”
State ex rel. Akers v. Hardy-Senkel, 554 S.W.3d 532, 534 (Mo. App. E.D. 2018). Prohibition
will lie if a “petition does not state a viable theory of recovery, and relator was entitled to be
dismissed from the suit as a matter of law.” State ex rel. Henley v. Bickel, 285 S.W.3d 327, 330
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(Mo. banc 2009) (quoting State ex rel. Union Elec. Co. v. Dolan, 256 S.W.3d 77, 81 (Mo. banc
2008)) (internal quotations omitted). Thus, “[i]n the context of a motion to dismiss for failure to
state a cause of action, it has long been held that where a petition reveals that the pleader has not
stated and cannot state a cause of action of which the circuit court would have jurisdiction, then
prohibition will lie.” Id. (internal quotations omitted). “If the complaint is insufficient to justify
court action, it is fundamentally unjust to force another to suffer the considerable expense and
inconvenience of litigation in addition to being a waste of judicial resources and taxpayer
money.” State ex rel. Church & Dwight Co., Inc. v. Collins, 543 S.W.3d 22, 26 (Mo. banc 2018)
(quoting State ex rel. Union Elec., 256 S.W.3d at 81).
III. DISCUSSION
In this Writ of Prohibition, Circuit Attorney argues that Judge Stelzer abused his
discretion in refusing to grant Circuit Attorney’s Motion to Dismiss the TRO Motion filed by
John Doe due to the inadequacy of the TRO Motion. Specifically, she alleges that the TRO
Motion failed to plead facts invoking substantive principles of law that entitled John Doe to
relief. We agree and find that John Doe’s underlying TRO Motion is patently insufficient such
that Judge Stelzer abused his discretion in not granting Circuit Attorney’s Motion to Dismiss.
Given this conclusion, we also find the failure of Judge Stelzer to quash the subpoena and
deposition of Hinckley was an abuse of discretion.
“The purpose of an injunction is to prevent actual or threatened acts that constitute real
injury.” Zoological Park Subdistrict of the Metropolitan Park Museum District v. Smith, 561
S.W.3d 893, 896 (Mo. App. E.D. 2018). “An indispensable requirement for obtaining injunctive
relief is the wrongful and injurious invasion of some legal right.” Camden County ex rel.
Camden County Com’n v. Lake of Ozarks Council of Local Governments, 282 S.W.3d 850, 858
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(Mo. App. S.D. 2009). “To be entitled to an injunction, a party must demonstrate: 1) no adequate
remedy at law; and 2) irreparable harm will result if the injunction is not awarded.” Zoological
Park Subdistrict, 561 S.W.3d at 896. “[O]ne seeking injunctive relief on grounds of irreparable
damage and lack of adequate remedy at law must plead irreparable injury and inadequate legal
remedy as traversable facts, not mere conclusions.” Aust v. Platte County, 477 S.W.3d 738, 744-
45 (Mo. App. W.D. 2015) (quoting J.H. Fichman Co. v. City of Kansas City, 800 S.W.2d 24, 28
(Mo. App. W.D. 1990)) (internal quotations omitted). “An injunction is a remedy, not a cause of
action; thus, an injunction must be based on a recognized and pleaded legal theory.” Id.
(emphasis added); see also Section 526.040 RSMo 2000 (“Before any party shall be entitled to
the injunction herein provided, he shall have filed in the circuit court, or in the office of the clerk
thereof, having jurisdiction of the suit, his petition setting forth his cause of action.”). In the
context of a motion to dismiss a petition for failure to state a cause of action, the court considers
whether “the facts alleged meet the elements of a recognized cause of action, or of a cause that
might be adopted in that case.” State ex rel. Henley, 285 S.W.3d at 329 (quoting Bosch v. St.
Louis Healthcare Network, 41 S.W.3d 462, 464 (Mo. banc 2001)). To survive the motion to
dismiss, the petition must plead facts that “invoke substantive principles of law entitling [the
petitioner to relief].” Id.
Here, John Doe did not adequately plead an underlying cause of action. The purported
invasion of his legal rights was discussed in a single paragraph of the TRO Motion, Paragraph 7.
Therein, he asserted that the placement of his name on the exclusion list “does potential harm
and damage” to his reputation, constitutes a “defamation of his…character, impedes the ability to
perform current employment duties, jeopardizes potential for advancement and promotion[,] and
violates [his] due process rights.” These assertions are “broad, conclusory statements of fact and
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legal conclusions,” and John Doe failed to identify how these facts state a claim. Camden County
ex rel. Camden County Com’n, 282 S.W.3d at 858. Moreover, they fail to invoke “substantive
principles of law entitling [John Doe] to relief,” and do not “meet the elements of a recognized
cause of action.” State ex rel. Henley, 285 S.W.3d at 329. Here, as the TRO Motion’s conclusory
allegations failed to plead a separate underlying cause of action, they were inadequate to satisfy
the pleading requirements for a petition for injunction. See Zoological Park Subdistrict, 561
S.W.3d at 895 n.2. As a result, John Doe’s TRO Motion was patently insufficient, and Judge
Stelzer abused his discretion in denying Circuit Attorney’s Motion to Dismiss. Given this
disposition, it follows that Judge Stelzer also abused his discretion in denying Circuit Attorney’s
Motion to Quash Subpoena of Hinckley.
We further note that in the Combined Motion to Dismiss and Suggestions in Opposition
filed by Judge Stelzer, John Doe, and the St. Louis Police Officers Association on January 22,
2019, they argued that if this Court were to find that the TRO Motion was insufficient, then the
proper remedy would be to allow them to file an amended petition. They attached Exhibit A,
which was a Motion for Leave to File an Amended Petition, and Exhibit B, an Amended Petition
for Temporary Restraining Order. Because our Preliminary Order in Prohibition was in effect,
leave could not be granted to file an amended petition and we therefore cannot consider the
sufficiency of any proposed amended petition.
Thereafter, the Circuit Attorney filed a supplemental record reflecting that in violation of
this court’s preliminary order in prohibition, the trial court entered orders on January 22, 2019.
Our preliminary order in prohibition was clear. The Respondent was ordered to refrain from all
action. The orders entered by Respondent on January 22, 2019 are void and of no effect.
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IV. CONCLUSION
Based upon the foregoing, we find that the facts pleaded in the TRO Motion were
insufficient in alleging a cause of action, and thus Judge Stelzer’s refusal to grant Circuit
Attorney’s Motion to Dismiss was an abuse of discretion. Therefore, the Preliminary Order in
Prohibition is Made Permanent. Judge Stelzer is directed to vacate that portion of the September
6, 2018 order denying Circuit Attorney’s Motion to Dismiss and grant the Motion to Dismiss
without prejudice. Judge Stelzer is also ordered to vacate the December 18, 2018 order and grant
the Motion to Quash the subpoena of Hinckley.
____________________________
Honorable Mary K. Hoff
Sherri B. Sullivan, Judge and Lisa P. Page, Chief Judge: Concur
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