State ex rel. Dale v. Ashbrook ( 1890 )

Thompson, J,,

delivered the opinion of the court.

The plaintiff recovered a judgment against the defendant, in an action upon an attachment bond for six hundred and eighty-one dollars and twenty-five cents’ damages, and, also, the costs of suit, and execution was awarded therefor. The defendants appealed to this court, but, not prosecuting their appeal, the plaintiffs (respondents) produced in this court a transcript of the record and moved for an affirmance of the judgment, which motion the court sustained. In the concluding part of the opinion of this court it was said: “This ruling in no way affects the defendants’ right to resist the enforcement of the judgment so affirmed, provided it has been paid or settled in the interim, nor does it affect the question, which seems to be the sole controversy between the parties herein, as to which of them is responsible for the costs of the trial court. That question can be, and ought to be, settled by the trial court on motion for taxation, or retaxation, of costs.” 38 Mo. App. 280.

On the cause being remanded, the plaintiff, by her attorney, sued out an execution ; the defendants moved the court to quash the execution, and to retax the costs against the plaintiff; the court overruled this motion, and the defendants again appealed to this court.

On the hearing of the motion to quash the execution, it appeared that, subsequently to the rendition of the judgment, and after the lapse of the term at which it had been rendered, and while the former appeal'was pending in this court, the plaintiff and the defendants met and agreed to a satisfaction of the judgment, and that, thereafter, the following paper, signed by the plaintiff, was lodged with the clerk of the circuit court, and by him filed (omitting caption): “And now comes plaintiff, the said Rose Dale, and acknowledges payment in full of the debt herein and satisfaction of judgment.”

The contention of the defendants on this appeal is that, after the party, in whose favor a judgment is rendered, acknowledges satisfaction of it, it cannot be the foundation of an execution, even for the costs which are due the officers of the court. We do not take this view. At common law litigation was not conducted on the credit system, as with us, but. the plaintiff purchased his writ, and each party paid his costs step by step as the services were procured and as the cause proceeded. At the end of the litigation the successful party recovered his costs — that is, the costs which he had paid out. The idea of requiring the plaintiff to give security for costs seems to have been to indemnify the defendant against the costs to which he might be put by the litigation, in case it should turn out to be unfounded. Accordingly, the language of such a rule frequently was that the plaintiff be required to give security for the defendant’s costs. Roberts v. Roberts, 6 Dowl. 556; Anon., 1 Wils. 130.

But with us the costs are not ordinarily paid step by step, as each party demands of the proper officer of the court the rendition of some particular service; but they generally accumulate until the litigation is finally ended, and then they are recovered nominally by the successful party, but really by the officer of the court to whom they are due. Trail v. Somerville, 22 Mo. App. 308, 312. We still keep up the ancient form, so far that, according to the judgment entry, the costs are recovered by the successful party, and the execution runs in the same way, so as to conform to the judgment ; but they are never, in fact, collected by him, nor paid over to him. According to a usage which, it is believed, has existed from the foundation of our judicial system, the name of the successful party is thus used in the judgment and execution as the person in whose behalf the costs are recovered and collected, but the real beneficiaries are the officers of the court to whom they are due. This usage has acquired the force of law. The officers of the court and the witnesses are so entirely the real beneficiaries that they can maintain an action in their own names for the breach of an undertaking given for the security of costs in a litigation. Garrett v. Cramer, 14 Mo. App. 401. The party in whose name the costs are recovered is, in respect of them, at most, a trustee of a dry trust — so dry that he is not allowed to handle any of the trust fund. His name in the judgment and execution is a mere naked name of record. The use of it by the officers of the court, in securing their dues, saddles him with no responsibility and endangers his rights in no way. As this portion of the judgment nominally recovered by him belongs to others, and not to him, he cannot satisfy it, or bargain it away with the other party to the record without their consent. He can waive his own rights, but he cannot waive the rights of others.

The judgment will be affirmed.

All the judges concur. Judge Biggs in the result.