Matter of D.J. and D.J. ( 2012 )

November 20 2012
DA 12-0323 and DA 12-0324
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2012 MT 266N
IN THE MATTER OF:
D.J. and D.J.,
Youths in Need of Care
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Twentieth Judicial District,
In and For the County of Lake, Cause Nos. DN 11-10 & DN 11-11
Honorable C.B. McNeil, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Elizabeth Thomas, Attorney at Law; Missoula, Montana
For Appellee:
Steve Bullock, Montana Attorney General; Kathryn F. Schulz,
Assistant Attorney General; Helena, Montana;
Casey Emerson, Attorney at Law; Polson, Montana (for Youths)
Submitted on Briefs: October 10, 2012
Decided: November 20, 2012
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice Beth Baker delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating Rules,
this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not serve as
precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this Court’s quarterly
list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 B.J. (Father), the biological father of D.J.(1) and D.J.(2), appeals the orders of the
Montana Twentieth Judicial District Court, Lake County, terminating his parental rights to his
daughters and granting permanent legal custody to the Montana Department of Public Health and
Human Services (DPHHS or the Department). We affirm.
¶3 On June 21, 2011, D.J.(1) left her home in Pablo, Montana and walked down the road to
a library on the Salish Kootenai College campus. D.J.(1) asked library workers to call the police
because her father had sexually assaulted her and her sister, D.J.(2). A Lake County Sheriff’s
officer responded to the call and, after speaking briefly with D.J.(1), the officer called Alice
Phelan (Phelan), a DPHHS child protection specialist, and asked her to provide assistance.
¶4 One week later, the State filed a petition for emergency protective services for D.J.(1)
and D.J.(2) and requested that they be adjudicated as youths in need of care and that DPHHS be
granted temporary legal custody of both girls. The petition included a report from Phelan,
recounting the girls’ allegations of Father’s physical and sexual abuse, the services offered to
Father, and Phelan’s recommendations for temporary legal custody and other temporary relief
during the pendency of the proceedings. The court held a hearing on the matter, at which time
the State and Father stipulated that the Department should be granted temporary legal custody of
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D.J.(1) and D.J.(2). Father’s stipulation was conditioned on the State agreeing to provide
supervised visitation on a regular basis to J.J., his mother (Grandmother).
¶5 Based on those stipulations and on its conclusion that “[t]here has been sufficient
evidence presented to establish, by a preponderance of the evidence, that [D.J.(1) and D.J.(2) are
Youths in Need of Care] as defined in MCA 41-3-102,” the court entered two orders adjudicating
the girls as youths in need of care and granting temporary legal custody to DPHHS. Father later
moved for an adjudicatory hearing and requested that his stipulation be withdrawn because
Grandmother had not been granted sufficient visitation. Father argued that he had never
stipulated to a youth in need of care determination and that the court was required by law to hold
an adjudicatory hearing for that purpose. The Department responded, agreeing that the parties
had not stipulated on the record that D.J.(1) and D.J.(2) were to be adjudicated youths in need of
care and advising the court that it had no objection to the setting of a hearing and intended to file
a motion to terminate Father’s parental rights. Based on these filings, the court scheduled an
adjudicatory hearing.
¶6 Before the adjudicatory hearing could be held, the State filed a petition to terminate
Father’s parental rights to D.J.(1) and D.J.(2) after the State learned that he previously had been
convicted of lewd conduct with a minor child under the age of sixteen while living in Idaho. The
State’s petition argued that the court was authorized to terminate the parent-child legal
relationship under § 41-3-609(1)(d), MCA, because “the father has subjected a child to an
aggravated circumstance pursuant to Mont. Code. Ann. § 41-3-423(2)(a).” Father filed a motion
to dismiss the petition on the grounds that the District Court erroneously had adjudicated D.J.(1)
and D.J.(2) to be youths in need of care on the basis of his stipulation to temporary legal custody,
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and not after what he claimed was a required adjudicatory hearing. The court denied Father’s
motion.
¶7 On March 21, 2012, the District Court held a hearing on the State’s petition for
termination. Phelan testified to the reports of abuse and neglect that D.J.(1) and D.J.(2) had
made and explained why the Department had concluded that Father’s parental rights should be
terminated. She stated that D.J.(1) and D.J.(2) were “terrified” of their father and that “their
major fear is that they’ll [be] reunited with him before they’re adults and unable to protect
themselves better.”
¶8 Based on the evidence that had been presented, the court found it was in the best interests
of D.J.(1) and D.J.(2) for Father’s parental rights to be terminated under § 41-3-609(1)(d), MCA.
The court concluded that it lawfully could terminate his parental rights without adjudicating the
children as youths in need of care because it had determined that Father had subjected a child to
an aggravated circumstance pursuant to § 41-3-423(2)(a), MCA. The court further concluded
that it previously found the girls to have been abused or neglected and that Father’s later request
for an adjudicatory hearing did not nullify that finding.
¶9 Father contends that because the District Court did not adjudicate D.J.(1) and D.J.(2) as
youths in need of care, the court never determined that the girls were abused or neglected as
required for termination of his parental rights. Father also alleges that the State failed to provide
reasonable efforts to reunite him with his children, as required by § 41-3-423(1), MCA.
¶10 We review a district court’s order terminating parental rights for an abuse of discretion.
In re J.M., 2009 MT 332, ¶ 12, 353 Mont. 64, 218 P.3d 1213. We review the trial court’s
findings of fact for clear error and its conclusions of law for correctness. In re D.B., 2008 MT
272, ¶ 13, 345 Mont. 225, 190 P.3d 1072.
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¶11 Given his prior felony conviction for sexual contact with a child, there is no question that
Father’s parental rights could be terminated without adjudication of the children as youths in
need of care. Although adjudication is necessary to terminate parental rights under § 41-3-
609(1)(f), MCA, adjudication is not necessary to terminate parental rights under § 41-3-
609(1)(d), MCA, the statute upon which the court relied in this case. That subsection of the
statute only requires a predicate determination that the child is abused or neglected. In re T.S.B.,
2008 MT 23, ¶ 34, 341 Mont. 204, 177 P.3d 429 (citing In re K.J.B., 2007 MT 216, ¶ 31, 339
Mont. 28, 168 P.3d 629).
¶12 Father’s reliance on In re T.C. & W.C., 2001 MT 264, 307 Mont. 244, 37 P.3d 70, is
misplaced. There, we held that a stipulation allowing DPHHS to take temporary legal custody of
two children did not imply that those children were youths in need of care because such a finding
could only be made through an adjudicatory hearing. In re T.C. & W.C., ¶ 18. That case
concerned a termination hearing brought under § 41-3-609(1)(f), MCA, which, as noted, requires
adjudication as a predicate to termination of parental rights. In re T.C. & W.C., ¶ 21. Under §
41-3-609(1)(d), MCA, the District Court only is required to make a factual determination that the
child was abused or neglected; no adjudication hearing is necessary. We review the court’s
factual determination for clear error.
¶13 Father’s argument that the court did not determine that D.J.(1) and D.J.(2) were abused or
neglected fails. Under § 41-3-442, MCA, temporary legal custody cannot be granted unless a
child first is found to be abused or neglected. The District Court granted the Department
temporary legal custody of the girls after Father and the State stipulated that such action was
appropriate. Their stipulation was based on substantiated allegations of abuse, the sufficiency of
which Father does not challenge, and encompasses the factual predicate necessary for an award
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of temporary legal custody. Based on the stipulation and Phelan’s testimony at the termination
hearing, the court properly determined that D.J.(1) and D.J.(2) had been abused or neglected as a
condition precedent to its order terminating Father’s parental rights. See In re T.S.B., ¶¶ 31-34.
Although Father sought an adjudication hearing due to the State’s failure to provide sufficient
visitation with Grandmother, his request to withdraw his prior consent to temporary legal
custody did not call into question the factual basis for the stipulation.
¶14 Finally, we reject Father’s contention that the District Court committed clear error when
it found that “DPHHS provided reasonable efforts to reunite [D.J.(1) and D.J.(2)] with the father
. . .” prior to the termination of his parental rights. The court correctly concluded that DPHHS
was not required to provide reasonable efforts to reunite Father with his daughters because
Father had subjected a child to an aggravated circumstance pursuant to § 41-3-423(2)(a), MCA.
After a review of the record, it is apparent that the District Court did not clearly err in finding
that reasonable efforts had been provided prior to the filing of the termination petition.
¶15 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d) of our
Internal Operating Rules, which provides for noncitable memorandum opinions. The District
Court did not abuse its discretion when it terminated Father’s parental rights to D.J.(1) and
D.J.(2) and granted permanent legal custody to DPHHS. The court’s findings of fact are not
clearly erroneous and the legal issues are controlled by settled Montana law, which the District
Court correctly interpreted.
/S/ BETH BAKER
We concur:
/S/ MIKE McGRATH
/S/ PATRICIA COTTER
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/S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT
/S/ JIM RICE
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