Anderson v. Cook , 25 Mont. 330 ( 1901 )

MR. JUSTICE MILBURN

delivered the opinion of the Court.

This is an appeal from the judgment in the case and from an order denying a new trial. It is a suit wherein the plaintiff demands damages from the defendants for injury to his crops on certain lands in his possession, the said injury alleged to have occurred through the wrongful acts of the defendants in the year 1896 in their having checked the flow of the waters in question in a certain common ditch running from a common reservoir belonging to tlie parties to the action. Plaintiff also prays for equitable relief.

It is alleged by the plaintiff, and admitted by the defendants, that they built, owned and held in common a certain ditch running from the said reservoir down to the point at which plaintiff constructed another ditch to cany the waters from the common ditch to his irrigable lands. The complaint alleged that the ditch running from the reservoir and the reservoir itself were owned by the defendants and plaintiff in the following proportions, — that is to say, plaintiff was the owner of a one-third undivided interest in the common ditch and a one-third undivided interest less one-seventh of one-eighth in the said reservoir, and that the defendants owned the remaining interests in the ditch and reservoir; whereas the defendants alleged that they owned fifteen twenty-seconds of the ditch and reservoir. It is alleged in the complaint, and admitted in the answer, that the reservoir and the main ditch at all times during the spring and summer of 1896 contained an abundance of water for tlie irrigation of the lands of the plaintiff and of the defendants. The complaint also stated that the said ditches furnished, and there flowed through them, a large volume of water down to certain head gates on the lands of the defendants, and that at two points on said ditch the defendants, without right, wrongfully, and intending to deprive the plaintiff of the use of said water, which belonged to the plaintiff, and to which he was entitled, and in order to prevent the same from flowing-on through said ditch to plaintiff’s lands, erected head gates at two points on said ditch, and stopped and checked the flow of the water in said ditch, so that the same ceased to flow in quantities sufficient to irrigate any of plaintiff’s crops. It was further alleged that the defendants so* checked the water, and erected said head gates in such manner, as to check and stop the flow of said water wilfully and maliciously, intending to deprive this plaintiff of the same, and without any reason therefor; that the water so checked and stopped in said ditch over-> flowed, and was needlessly wasted upon the lands of the defendants, during the season of 1896, and during this time the plaintiff was deprived of the use of the waters, which were greatly in excess of the water needed and used by the defendants, and which would have been ample and sufficient h> have irrigated the crops of the plaintiff; that, but for the wrongful checking of the flow of said water in said ditch, and the diversion of said water unnecessarily by the defendants as aforesaid, the said waters would have flowed down to his crops, and would have been ample and sufficient; that from the end of the main ditch running from the reservoir plaintiff continued said ditch down to and upon his said lands, and constructed laterals therefrom to and upon the lands sufficient to irrigate all of the said crops; and that by reason of the cheeking and diversion of said waters by defendants as aforesaid his crops were greatly damaged, to-wit, in the sum of $1,300.

The defendants demurred to the complaint, stating, among other things, that the complaint did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, and that the complaint was uncertain in that it did not state the quantity of water wasted by the defendants, and, further, that it did not state the quantity required by the plaintiff over and above the amount received by him. Subsequently a stipulation withdrawing the demurrer and giving the defendants ten days in which to file an answer was made and entered into by respective counsel, and duly filed in said cause. Thereupon the defendants answered, and denied that the said lands of the plaintiff were deprived of water through any acts, wrongful or otherwise, of the defendants; and denied that they, or either of them, or any one else, constructed two or any head gates on any ditch without right or wrongfully, or with the intention of depriving plaintiff, or any one else, of the use of the water, or to prevent the water from flowing to' plaintiff’s lands or elsewhere. They denied that they, or either of them, or any one else, constructed any head 'gates whatever which could prevent the free flow of water in the plaintiff’s ditch or ditches, and denied that defendants’ head gates, or either ox them, stopped or checked the flow of water from the main ditch to or into plaintiff’s ditch or ditches; and denied that defendants, or either of them, checked the said waters, or constructed said head gates so as to check the water or to stop the flow thereof wrongfully, or maliciously, or otherwise; or that the said head gates, or any act or omission of defendants, or either of them, stopped or checked the flow of said water into plaintiff’s ditch; or that the water so alleged to he checked overflowed or was maliciously wasted upon the lands of the defendants or elsewhere; and denied damage of any kind to the said crops. For further defense they set up that plaintiff’s ditch was not at any time of sufficient capacity toi convey water sufficient to irrigate any portion of plaintiff’s lands, said ditch not being at any time “deep, enough to .enable sufficient water to> flow! through the same” for irrigating any portion of his lands.

Upon the trial of the cause, after the swearing of the jury, upon the offer of evidence by the plaintiff, one M. S. Darling, county surveyor, the first witness, being sworn to testify, the defendants objected to any evidence being received under the1 complaint, for the reason that it did not state facts sufficient which would warrant a court in granting the plaintiff any relief.

In addition to the facts admitted, there is .proof, or evidence tending to prove, that:

The defendants, during the times referred to in the com-, plaint, had two ditches leading from the main ditch, — one 2 feet 8 inches wide by 2 feet deep, and the other 3.5 feet wide by 2 feet deep. About one-half mile down the Anderson ditch from the end of the main company ditch was a high point in the bottom of the said Anderson ditch, this point being higher than a head gate opening into one of the defendants’ laterals; 1.62 feet of water would run over this high point when the ditch was running full. In 1896 the head gate nearest the reservoir was a board across the lateral ditch, with dirt thrown in above it. Plaintiff did not get one-fiftieth of the water which he claimed. During May and June, 1896, there was plenty of water, but plaintiff did not “get any to amount to anything.” The water went through the head gates of defendants. Plaintiff had water only about four days in May and June. After he had 'entered suit, “water came on steady from July 3d to August.” After suit, water came across the high place spoken of from I to 11 inches deep all the time, and 4% feet wide. When defendants “would keep their boards on so water would come through, there was plenty for all.” Water from the ditch stood a foot deep over an area of 10 or 15 acres on the north side of the company ditch on defendants’ land. On July 15th (after plaintiff went to Great Palls to institute suit) plaintiff was getting all the water he wanted, and defendants had their ditch full, and were getting probably three-fourths of the water. About June 10th defendants were drawing the water off on both sides of the main ditch, their laterals being full, and “the main ditch as full as it could get,” at which time' “Anderson was trying to irrigate with no water.” In some places the main, ditch averaged 20 or 25 feet wide. At the lower end it averaged 12 to 19 feet wide. The reason Anderson got no water was that tire main ditch was “that deep that it just simply drew it off.” Anderson built his ditch on the survey of one Arnold. Said Arnold surveyed the Anderson ditch, laying it on a grade of 12 inches to the mile. At least one of the laterals of the defendants had a fall of 1 foot to 1,800 feet. The capacity of the main ditch was 1,348 inches, that of the defendants’ first ditch 518 inches, and of the second 224 inches. The head gates of the two laterals are about one-half mile apart. The capacity of tire Anderson ditch was 383 inches. All of the parties had lands needing irrigation lying under the ditch, and had means of using the water on the crops on said lands, and actually used the same when they could severally get it.

Plaintiff offered to prove that he tendered his services to defendants to build up the levees, but defendants’ counsel objected, and the objection was sustained.

In the course of 'the trial a large number of witnesses were examined, some of them being persons who qualified as having had considerable experience as surveyors, and as users of water for the purposes of irrigation. Numbers of maps were used and appear as. exhibits in this case. Counsel were permitted by the court to' examine these witnesses with special reference to what was shown by the several maps, and in the course of the testimony they frequently made statements that were very material as affecting the rights of the parties, using the maps to illustrate definitely what they meant to say. There is not anything in the transcript to indicate toi this court to what these witnesses referred when using the maps, so that a large part of what may have been very material and convincing evidence in the minds of the jury or trial judge is altogether without meaning to this court.

There was testimony in conflict with many of the alleged facts stated above.

The defendants assign as error the court’s overruling their objection toi the introduction upon the trial of any evidence under the complaint .upon the ground, then stated, that it did not state facts sufficient to entitle the plaintiff to any relief. The complaint is not conspicuous in the history of code pleading as an example to be followed, for it is redundant in many parts, and not explicit enough in others; but we do believe, and therefore hold, after careful consideration, that it does state facts sufficient to admit proof upon which the court, if satisfied of the. truth of the allegations, could afford relief. The complaint was wide open to demurrer for uncertainty, but this ground of demurrer was waived, as before herein stated.

The defendants complain that the court permitted the plaintiff to amend his. complaint after objection to the introduction of any evidence thereunder, after the jury was sworn, and then refused to grant them a continuance of the said cause. It is assumed in the briefs that the complaint was amended, but the record, while showing that permission to amend was given, does not disclose what, if any, amendment was made. We, having no means of knowing whether anything, material or otherwise, was added to the pleadings, cannot consider this assignment of alleged error.

The contention of the defendants upon which they rely in ,the answer was: First, that they did not check the water; and, second, that, if the plaintiff did not get water to irrigate his crops, it was solely because he did not construct his own ditch “properly, and to a depth sufficient to- enable the water to flow through the same .when maintained to a height in the ditch leading out of said reservoir to which it could be maintained with safety, and without overflowing the hanks of said last-named ditch.”

To consider all the thirty-five particulars in which defendants claim in their brief that the decree of the court or its findings are erroneous, would require more space and labor than we think necessary. The main points are that the evidence fails toi support the findings, and that the decree is not supported by the findings; the principal reliance being upon the ground that the evidence does not show that the defendants used more than their share of the water, and that, if they did, the plaintiff was not damaged by their doing so, for the reason that his ditch would not carry water under safe conditions, or conditions that would allow defendants to use the water in common with him. They further complain “because the decree compels the defendants to forego the use of water two days in each week merely because plaintiff will not put his ditch upon established grade.”

As was the case in Carron v. Wood, 10 Mont. 500, 26 Pac. 388, a study of the evidence presented by the record shows that witnesses for the respective parties had made examinations and measurements of the ditches and head gates, and stated to the jury the dimensions and capacity thereof. As it often happens in controversies, there is considerable difference in the statements of witnesses for the respective parties as to the size, capacity, grade and condition of ditches, head gates, and the nature and effect of any obstructions which may be therein.' It was the province of the jury h> pass upon the credibility of the witnesses and the weight of testimony, and to make findings. They did so> and the findings were adopted by the coum It has been often, announced by this court that, when there is evidence to support the verdict or the findings, the same will not be disturbed because there is conflicting testimony upon the subject. The jury and court having found that the co-owners of the main ditch had agreed that plaintiff should put his ditch upon a uniform grade of 12 inches, appellant says that findings 1, 2, 3, 4 and 10 declare that plaintiff did not put his ditch on a 12-inch grade, as agreed, and that, therefore, these findings show that jolaintiff -was the one in fault. To- find that a ditch was not put on a 12-inch grade is not to declare that it was not on a grade of, say, 11.95 inches, or perhaps as much as 25 inches. Finding 2, it is true, states that “there was a point in the bottom of said ditch, about one-half mile east of the main ditch, which was of the same height as the bottom of the main ditch at the lower end of the main ditch where plaintiff takes •out his water;” but there is no finding that the end of said main ditch was not below grade, or that the laterals of the plaintiff were not taken out within the half mile. The court and jury found, besides, that the condition of the plaintiff’s ditch was sufficient to irrigate his crops, and,. further, that, if the •defendants opened their lateral ditches (into which the head gates let the water), this “would have prevented the plaintiff from getting any water at all.”

The court made its further finding “that the allegations of said complaint have been sustained.” We find nothing conflicting in the findings. We cannot say that they do not support the decree.

The parties did not own the water. They had a right to the use of it in common. They did not have a prior right. The defendants assume that’they were at all times entitled to take out two-thirds of the water, provided they left one-third thereof in quantity in the main ditch. This is error. If there were 1,200 inches in the ditch, and they needed and took out 800 inches at, say, a point 100 feet below the reservoir, there would be left 400 inches, one-third of the volume of water, with a journey of more than one mile to- go in warm weather, and over a slow grade, and through a ditch from 144 inches to 228 inches wide, subject to very great loss from seepag’e, evaporation and actual leakage. Tbe slightest knowledge of the laws of nature will convince any reasonable person that the plaintiff would get a very small part of the 400 inches wherewith to1 make his desert lands produce remunerative crops.

Considering the relations of the parties to the contract under which they were to use the water, the findings against the defendants, the evidence in the case, and the obscure nature of the report of the testimony, we cannot say that the court did not do equity in its decree declaring that the plaintiff should-have the sole use of the water during two certain consecutive days of each week. This works no hardship toi the defendants, as it gives them the use of the water more than two-thirds of the time.

In the transcript appears an assignment “that the evidence is insufficient to sustain the finding that the plaintiff sustained $600 damages, or any damages whatever, at the hands of the defendants;” and it is further assigned that “'the decree is against the law, because the damages awarded by the court to the plaintiff are more than three times the amount that plaintiff suffered, under any view of the evidence.” Suffice it to say that each of these assignments is omitted from those relied on or mentioned in the brief of the appellant, and therefore no consideration is, raider the rules, given to either in this opinion.

For the reasons given in this opinion the judgment, decree and order overruling the motion for a new trial are affirmed.

Affirmed.