Marriage of Brivka & Navolynski ( 2020 )

03/31/2020
DA 18-0676
Case Number: DA 18-0676
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2020 MT 76N
IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF:
MARYNA BRIVKA,
Petitioner and Appellee,
and
ROY NAVOLYNSKI,
Respondent and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Nineteenth Judicial District,
In and For the County of Lincoln, Cause No. DR-16-47
Honorable Matthew J. Cuffe, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Marybeth M. Sampsel, Measure Law, P.C., Kalispell, Montana
For Appellee:
Ann C. German, Attorney at Law, Libby, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: November 6, 2019
Decided: March 31, 2020
Filed:
cir-641.—if
__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice James Jeremiah Shea delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion, shall not be cited and does not serve
as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this Court’s
quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 Roy Navolynski appeals from the Order Granting Temporary Maintenance and the
Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, and Final Decree of the Nineteenth Judicial
District Court, Lincoln County, dissolving Navolynski’s marriage to Maryna Brivka,
distributing the parties’ marital assets and liabilities, and awarding Brivka spousal
maintenance. We affirm.
¶3 Navolynski and Brivka met online in February 2010. At the time, Navolynski
resided in the United States, and Brivka resided in Ukraine. On May 22, 2010, the two
married in Kharkiv, Ukraine. After they married, Navolynski traveled to Ukraine five
times to visit Brivka while she waited to be approved by the United States Embassy to
move to the United States. Brivka moved with her then minor son from a previous marriage
to the U.S. approximately eighteen months after her marriage to Navolynski.
¶4 At the time of the marriage, Navolynski owned various real property and businesses
near Troy, Montana, including a house, a stone company, an antique store, and rental
cabins. He also received disability payments from the Veteran Benefits Administration.
Before Brivka moved to the U.S., Navolynski showed her a picture of a large red house
that he represented to her they would live in.
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¶5 When Brivka and her son arrived in Troy, they lived in the large red house with
Navolynski, but shared the home with renters. Brivka and her son helped Navolynski
construct another house on the property in addition to renovating and constructing
additional rental cabins on the property. Brivka worked part-time teaching dance in the
Troy schools and at a local fitness center.
¶6 Brivka petitioned the District Court for legal separation in March 2016, and
Navolynski later filed for dissolution of the parties’ marriage. Brivka and her son moved
to a women’s shelter for three months. She then moved to a low-income apartment and
received food stamps and public assistance to pay for rent and utility bills. Through the
help of Job Service Montana, Brivka attended classes to obtain her massage therapy
license. Her only income came from tips she received from massage clients. Brivka, a
native Russian speaker, took longer to obtain her license due to her limited understanding
of the English language.
¶7 During the dissolution proceedings, Brivka moved for temporary maintenance.
After a hearing on March 6, 2018, the District Court granted Brivka’s motion and awarded
her a lump sum of $1,500 to pay her attorney, and temporary maintenance in the amount
of $650 per month. On August 16, 2018, the case proceeded to a final hearing on the
merits. In its Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, and Final Decree, the District Court
distributed the parties’ marital assets and liabilities and awarded Brivka spousal
maintenance in the amount of $1,000 per month for two years.
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¶8 We review a district court’s division of marital property and award of spousal
maintenance to determine whether the court’s findings of fact are clearly erroneous and
whether its conclusions of law are correct. Patton v. Patton, 2015 MT 7, ¶ 18,
378 Mont. 22, 340 P.3d 1242. See also Hollamon v. Hollamon, 2018 MT 37, ¶ 7, 390 Mont.
320, 413 P.3d 460 (citing In re Marriage of Crilly, 2005 MT 311, ¶ 10, 329 Mont. 479,
124 P.3d 1151). “A finding is clearly erroneous if it is not supported by substantial
evidence, if the district court misapprehended the effect of the evidence, or if our review
of the record convinces us that the district court made a mistake.” Patton, ¶ 18 (citing
Jackson v. Jackson, 2008 MT 25, ¶ 9, 341 Mont. 227, 177 P.3d 474).
¶9 “Absent clearly erroneous findings, we will affirm a district court’s division of
property and award of maintenance unless we identify an abuse of discretion.” Hollamon, ¶
7 (quoting Crilly, ¶ 10). A district court abuses its discretion if it acts arbitrarily without
conscientious judgment or exceeds the bounds of reason, resulting in substantial injustice.
Patton, ¶ 19. See also Crilly, ¶ 10 (citing In re Marriage of Kotecki, 2000 MT 254, ¶ 9,
301 Mont. 460, 10 P.3d 828).
¶10 A district court is vested with broad discretion to award a spouse temporary
maintenance during the pendency of a dissolution proceeding and maintenance following
dissolution of the marriage upon finding “the spouse seeking maintenance: (a) lacks
sufficient property to provide for the spouse’s reasonable needs; and (b) is unable to be
self-supporting through appropriate employment . . . .” Section 40-4-203(1), MCA. A
party seeking temporary maintenance must first file a motion and affidavit setting forth
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“the factual basis for the motion, the amount requested, a list of marital estate liabilities,
[and] a statement of sources of income of the parties . . . .” Section 40-4-121(1), MCA.
¶11 If the district court finds an award of maintenance is appropriate, the court must then
determine the amount and duration of the award upon finding:
(a) the financial resources of the party seeking maintenance, including
marital property apportioned to that party, and the party’s ability to meet the
party’s needs independently, including the extent to which a provision for
support of a child living with the party includes a sum for that party as
custodian;
(b) the time necessary to acquire sufficient education or training to enable
the party seeking maintenance to find appropriate employment;
(c) the standard of living established during the marriage;
(d) the duration of the marriage;
(e) the age and the physical and emotional condition of the spouse seeking
maintenance; and
(f) the ability of the spouse from whom maintenance is sought to meet the
spouse’s own needs while meeting those of the spouse seeking maintenance.
Section 40-4-203(2)(a)-(f), MCA; see also § 40-4-121(8), MCA (providing that a court
may issue an order for temporary maintenance “[o]n the basis of the showing made and in
conformity with [§] 40-4-203[, MCA] . . . .”). The district court does not need to make
specific findings of fact on each factor as long as this Court can determine on review that
the trial judge actually considered these factors. Hollamon, ¶ 12 (citing In re Marriage of
Payer, 2005 MT 89, ¶ 12, 326 Mont. 459, 110 P.3d 460).
¶12 A district court is vested with broad discretion during the pendency of a dissolution
proceeding to apportion “the property and assets belonging to either or both [spouses],
however and whenever acquired” and apportion the property equitably to each party under
the circumstances. Section 40-4-202, MCA; Hollamon, ¶ 8; Hutchins v. Hutchins,
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2018 MT 275, ¶ 31, 393 Mont. 283, 430 P.3d 502; In re Marriage of Funk, 2012 MT 14,
¶ 6, 363 Mont. 352, 270 P.3d 39; Crilly, ¶ 12. The statute does not require a district court
to “award the parties property of precisely equal value.” Hutchins, ¶ 31
(quoting In re Marriage of David, 2009 MT 422, ¶ 21, 354 Mont. 44, 221 P.3d 1209
(citation omitted)). Instead, the statute requires the court to consider:
the duration of the marriage and prior marriage of either party, the age,
health, station, occupation, amount and sources of income, vocational skills,
employability, estate, liabilities, and needs of each of the parties, custodial
provisions, whether the apportionment is in lieu of or in addition to
maintenance, and the opportunity of each for future acquisition of capital
assets and income.
Section 40-4-202(1), MCA. The district court must also consider the contributions of the
other spouse to the marriage, including nonmonetary contributions such as facilitating the
maintenance of the property. Section 40-4-202(1), MCA. Section 40-4-202, MCA, factors
must be considered and included in the district court’s findings and conclusions. Funk, ¶ 7.
¶13 Navolynski argues the District Court erred when it awarded temporary maintenance
to Brivka because she did not include her marital liabilities in her affidavit as required by
§ 40-4-121(1), MCA. We disagree.
¶14 Brivka’s exclusion of her marital liabilities in her affidavit is inconsequential
because both parties had the opportunity to testify, present evidence, and inquire of the
other’s financial condition at the temporary maintenance hearing. After the hearing, the
District Court carefully considered and applied the criteria of §§ 40-4-121(8), and 203(1),
MCA, when it determined Brivka was entitled to temporary maintenance in the amount of
one lump sum payment of $1,500 to be paid directly to her attorney and monthly support
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payments of $650 thereafter. Specifically, the District Court determined Brivka did not
have full-time employment and had no access to marital property. In contrast, the
District Court found Navolynski had several sources of income from his multiple
businesses and that he had access to all marital property, which enabled him to pay Brivka
some maintenance. The District Court did not err in its award of temporary maintenance.
¶15 Navolynski next argues the District Court erred when it awarded Brivka monthly
maintenance of $1,000 for two years following the dissolution of the parties’ marriage.
We disagree.
¶16 The District Court considered the testimony and evidence presented at the final
hearing and applied the relevant factors of § 40-4-203(2), MCA. Specifically, the District
Court found Brivka’s employment skills and ability to finish her education were limited
given the language barrier. The District Court noted Brivka did not incur any debts during
the marriage. The District Court did not find Navolynski’s testimony regarding his
financial condition and ability to pay Brivka maintenance credible. “[T]he District Court
is in the best position to observe and judge the witness credibility . . . .” In re Marriage of
Horton, 2004 MT 353, ¶ 19, 324 Mont. 382, 102 P.3d 1276. The District Court did not err
in its final maintenance award.
¶17 Finally, Navolynski argues that the District Court erred in its distribution of marital
assets because it failed to determine the net worth of the marital estate. We disagree.
¶18 The District Court thoroughly considered all the factors set forth
§ 40-4-202(1), MCA. Based on the evidence, the District Court determined that Brivka
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had very little understanding of what property the parties had acquired during their
marriage, partly due to her limited understanding of the English language. The
District Court found that Navolynski refused to testify to his financial condition, including
but not limited to his current income, expenses, values of real property, or terms of any
mortgages on the real property. Navolynski failed to produce any term sheets or loan
agreements at the time of trial or during discovery. Navolynski did not disclose any tax
information or a personal property list. Navolynski only testified that he incurred debt on
real property around the beginning of the marriage. He described the loan as an “interest
only loan” from a private investor for approximately $150,000 and that he did not pay any
principal on the loan. Navolynski incurred additional debt on the property in violation of
the District Court’s temporary economic restraining order. The District Court reasonably
concluded that it did not find Navolynski’s testimony credible regarding his financial
condition. In the present case, where Navolynski failed to provide pertinent information
to adequately determine the marital estate’s net worth, the District Court properly used its
discretion to apportion the marital estate equitably considering the factors set forth in
§ 40-4-202(1), MCA.
¶19 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c) of our
Internal Operating Rules, which provides for memorandum opinions. This appeal presents
no constitutional issues, no issues of first impression, and does not establish new precedent
or modify existing precedent. We affirm.
/S/ JAMES JEREMIAH SHEA
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We Concur:
/S/ MIKE McGRATH
/S/ BETH BAKER
/S/ JIM RICE
/S/ DIRK M. SANDEFUR
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