Jennifer Seed v. Environmental Protection Agency ( 2016 )

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD
JENNIFER SEED, DOCKET NUMBER
Appellant, DC-0752-16-0035-I-1
v.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DATE: December 28, 2016
AGENCY,
Agency.
THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1
Mark R. Heilbrun, Fairfax Station, Virginia, for the appellant.
David P. Guerrero, Esquire, and Rebecca Wulffen, Washington, D.C., for
the agency.
BEFORE
Susan Tsui Grundmann, Chairman
Mark A. Robbins, Member
FINAL ORDER
¶1 The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
dismissed her involuntary retirement and constructive demotion claims for lack of
jurisdiction. Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only in the fol lowing
circumstances: the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact;
1
A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contra st, a
precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
2
the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation
or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the administra tive
judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision
were not consistent with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion,
and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material
evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due
diligence, was not available when the record closed. Title 5 of the Code of
Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115). After fully
considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not
established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review.
Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision,
which is now the Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).
DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶2 Effective November 17, 2013, the agency reassigned the appellant from her
position as a GS-15 Supervisory Biologist in the agency’s Risk Assessment
Division (RAD) to a nonsupervisory Biologist position in the same division with
no loss in pay or grade. Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 6 at 14. Over a year later,
effective December 27, 2014, the appellant retired under the agency’s Voluntary
Separation Incentive Program and received a $25,000 separation incentive. Id.
at 19. On October 12, 2015, she filed the instant appeal challenging her
reassignment as a constructive demotion and her retirement as involuntary based
on intolerable working conditions. IAF, Tab 1. She also alleged that the agency
discriminated against her on the basis of her age and subjected her to a hostile
work environment. Id. at 6.
¶3 The administrative judge issued an order informing the appellant that the
Board lacks jurisdiction over voluntary actions, such as resignations and
retirements, and explained that, to be entitled to a jurisdictional hearing, she must
make a nonfrivolous allegation that her retirement was involuntary because of
3
duress, coercion, or misrepresentation by the agency. IAF, Tab 3 at 2-3. The
order further set forth the criteria for establishing Board jurisdiction over a
constructive demotion. Id. at 3-4. Regarding timeliness, the order notified the
appellant that her appeal of the constructive demotion appeared t o be untimely
filed by almost 2 years. Id. at 4-5. The administrative judge ordered the
appellant to file evidence and argument establishing that the Board ha d
jurisdiction over her appeal and that her appeal was timely filed or that good
cause existed for the delay. Id. at 5. The appellant and the agency filed timely
responses. IAF, Tabs 5-6.
¶4 The administrative judge issued an initial decision finding that the appellant
failed to present a nonfrivolous allegation that her retirement was involuntary or
that the agency constructively demoted her and dismissing the appeal for lack of
jurisdiction without holding the requested hearing. IAF, Tab 7, Initial Decision
(ID) at 5-9. Because the administrative judge dismissed the appeal for lack of
jurisdiction, she did not decide whether the appeal was timely filed or whether
good cause existed for the untimely filed appeal. ID at 9 n.2.
¶5 The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, the
agency has responded in opposition, and the appellant has replied to the agency’s
response. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tabs 1, 3-4.
The administrative judge correctly dismissed the appellant’s involuntar y
retirement appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
¶6 Generally, the Board lacks the authority to review an employee ’s decision
to retire, which is presumed to be a voluntary act. Brown v. U.S. Postal Service,
115 M.S.P.R. 609, ¶ 9, aff’d, 469 F. App’x 852 (Fed. Cir. 2011). However, an
appellant may overcome the presumption of voluntariness by showing that her
retirement was the product of misinformation or deception by the agency, or of
coercive acts by the agency, such as intolerable working conditions or the
unjustified threat of an adverse action. SanSoucie v. Department of Agriculture,
116 M.S.P.R. 149, ¶ 14 (2011). The Board addresses allegations of
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discrimination and reprisal in connection with an alleged involuntary retirement
only insofar as those allegations relate to the issue of voluntariness and not
whether they would establish discrimination or reprisal as an affirmative defense.
Vitale v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 107 M.S.P.R. 501, ¶ 20 (2007). If the
employee makes a nonfrivolous allegation of jurisdiction, i.e., an allegation that,
if proven, could establish the Board’s jurisdiction, she is entitled to a hearing at
which she must prove jurisdiction by a preponderance of the evidence. 2 Id., ¶ 18.
¶7 In cases such as this one, when the employee alleges that the agency took
actions that made working conditions so intolerable that she was driven to an
involuntary retirement, the Board will find an action involuntary only if the
employee demonstrates that the agency engaged in a course of action that made
working conditions so difficult or unpleasant that a reasonable person in her
position would have felt compelled to retire. Id., ¶ 20. The doctrine of coerced
involuntariness is “a narrow one” and does not apply if the employee resigns or
retires because she “does not want to accept [measures] that the agency is
authorized to adopt, even if those measures make continuation in the job so
unpleasant … that [s]he feels that [s]he has no realistic option but to leave.”
Staats v. U.S. Postal Service, 99 F.3d 1120, 1124 (1996). “[T]he fact than an
employee is faced with an unpleasant situation or that [her] choice is limited to
two unattractive options does not make [her] decision any less voluntary.” Id.
The touchstone of the “voluntariness” analysis is whether, considering the totality
of the circumstances, factors operated on the employee’s decision-making process
that deprived her of freedom of choice. Vitale, 107 M.S.P.R. 501, ¶ 19.
¶8 The appellant argued below that the agency reassigned her and other
“older” employees as part of the RAD reorganization and that their new positions
2
A preponderance of the evidence is the degree of relevant evidence that a reasonable
person, considering the record as a whole, would accept as sufficient to find that a
contested fact is more likely to be true than untrue. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.4(q).
5
were of less “significance and sophistication than their pre-reorganization job
responsibilities.” IAF, Tab 5 at 5. She alleged that, in her new position, she
was given demeaning work and forced to sit in a small child -like cubicle outside
of [her supervisor’s] office, where RAD employees had to pass through on a
regular basis and where RAD employees frequently took pictures (which will be
entered into evidence) of the cruel treatment and humiliation that [her supervisor]
made Appellant endure. Id. at 6. She alleged these “demeaning work conditions”
forced her to retire. Id.
¶9 In the initial decision, the administrative judge observed that, a lthough the
appellant was ordered to submit evidence and argument to support her claim, she
did not submit the referenced pictures or any other evidence in support of her
allegations of intolerable working conditions. ID at 5. The administrative judge
further noted that the appellant failed to offer any details or specific facts
supporting her allegation of “cruel treatment and humiliation,” even though she
had been instructed to “allege specific facts to support her assertion” and warned
that “bare or conclusory allegations will be insufficient.” Id. (quoting IAF, Tab 3
at 3). The administrative judge explained that, although the appellant may have
found her working conditions unpleasant after the reorganization, she was not
guaranteed a work environment free of stress and her reassignment to a
nonsupervisory position with less responsibility would not compel a reasonable
person to retire. ID at 6. She further noted that the fact that the appellant
occupied her new position for 13 months before she retired undermined her
assertion that she had no choice but to retire. ID at 6-7. Considering the totality
of the circumstances, the administrative judge concluded that the appellant failed
to present a nonfrivolous allegation that her retirement was involuntary. ID at 7.
¶10 On review, the appellant argues that the administrative judge f ailed to
consider the totality of the circumstances, the “myriad alleged incidents alleged
[by the appellant] citing discriminatory harassment, hostile work environment,
and ageism,” and “the violations of criminal law by [the appellant’s supervisor]
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which have at their base the tactic of humiliating various personnel.” PFR File,
Tab 1 at 6-10, Tab 4 at 6-9. For the reasons discussed below, we agree with the
administrative judge that the appellant failed to make a nonfrivolous allegation
that the agency coerced her retirement and find that the appellant’s contentions on
review provide no basis to disturb the initial decision.
¶11 As the administrative judge correctly found, an employee is not guaranteed
a stress-free working environment. Brown, 115 M.S.P.R. 609, ¶ 15 (quoting
Miller v. Department of Defense, 85 M.S.P.R. 310, ¶ 32 (2000)). Dissatisfaction
with work assignments, a feeling of being unfairly criticized, or difficult or
unpleasant working conditions generally are not so intolerable as to compel a
reasonable person to retire. Id. Thus, as the administrative judge correctly
determined, the appellant’s contentions that the agency assigned her “demeaning”
work of less “significance and sophistication” after the reorganization and forced
her to sit in a small cubicle outside of her supervisor’s office do not evince the
type of intolerable working conditions that would compel a reasonable person in
the appellant’s position to retire. Id.; ID at 10-14.
¶12 Likewise, the appellant’s allegations that her supervisor violated Federal
criminal law “by approving and certifying the less-than-grade-appropriate
assignment of official duties falsely” do not constitute a nonfrivolous allegation
that the appellant’s retirement was involuntary. PFR File, Tab 1 at 5. To
establish that a retirement was involuntary on the basis of alleged violations of
law by the agency, the appellant must show that the violations directly affected
her rights and that a reasonable person in her position would have felt compelled
to retire. See Baker v. U.S. Postal Service, 71 M.S.P.R. 680, 695 (1996). Here,
even if the appellant’s allegations were proven true, the effect of the violation on
her rights—receiving below grade-level assignments—would not, as stated above,
compel a reasonable person to retire. See Miller, 85 M.S.P.R. 310, ¶ 32 (stating
that dissatisfaction with work assignments would not compel a reasonable person
to resign). Moreover, the appellant could have challenged the validity of her
7
supervisor’s alleged unlawful acts through the appropriate channels rather than
retiring. See Axsom v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 110 M.S.P.R. 605, ¶ 17
(2009) (stating that a resignation is not involuntary if the employee had a choice
of whether to resign or contest the validity of the agency action).
¶13 The appellant’s claims that her supervisor discriminated and retaliated
against her are also insufficient to constitute a nonfrivolous allegation that her
retirement was involuntary. See id. The appellant could have, and did, challenge
her supervisor’s alleged discriminatory acts through the agency’s complaint
process. 3 IAF, Tab 6 at 15-16. Although below, she disparaged the complaint
process, IAF, Tab 5 at 7, she could have appealed the agency’s decision on her
discrimination complaint to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
rather than retiring. See Axsom, 110 M.S.P.R. 605, ¶ 17.
¶14 We further agree with the administrative judge that appellant’s bare
allegation that her supervisor subjected her to “cruel treatment and humiliation ,”
unsupported by any factual allegations, does not constitute a nonfrivolous
allegation that the agency coerced her retirement. ID at 6. An allegation
generally will be considered nonfrivolous when, under oath or penalty of perjury,
an individual makes an allegation that: (1) is more than conclusory; (2) is
plausible on its face; and (3) is material to the legal issues in the appeal. 5 C.F.R.
§ 1201.4(s). Vague, conclusory, or unsupported allegations, such as those that
essentially repeat the applicable legal standard, are pro forma and insufficient to
meet the nonfrivolous standard. See Clark v. U.S. Postal Service, 123 M.S.P.R.
466, ¶¶ 7-8 (2016). On review, the appellant does not provide any specific
factual allegations in support of her allegation of “cruel treatment and
humiliation,” but complains that her supervisor subjected her to a “living hell,”
“horrendous treatment,” and “intolerable working conditions.” PFR File, Tabs 1,
3
The record reflects that the appellant filed a discrimination complaint alleging age
discrimination in connection with her reassignment and that the complaint was accepted
for investigation. IAF, Tab 6 at 15-16.
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4. These conclusory and pro forma allegations of intolerable working conditions
are likewise insufficient to establish a nonfrivolous allegation of jurisdiction and
provide no basis to disturb the initial decision.
¶15 The appellant also argues on review that the administrative judge failed to
apply the correct legal standard in considering her claim of involuntary retirement
based on intolerable working conditions. PFR File, Tab 1 at 6-11. As discussed
above, however, we have reviewed the initial decision and find that the
administrative judge applied the correct legal standard and came to the
well-reasoned conclusion that the appellant failed to nonfrivolously allege that
her retirement was involuntary.
The administrative judge correctly dismissed the appellant’s constructive
demotion claim for lack of jurisdiction.
¶16 The Board generally lacks jurisdiction to consider a reassignment action
without a loss of grade or pay. Marcheggiani v. Department of Defense,
90 M.S.P.R. 212, ¶ 7 (2001). One exception to this general rule, however, is
when an employee is constructively demoted. Id. To establish a claim of
constructive demotion, an appellant must nonfrivolously allege that: she was
reassigned without a loss of grade or pay; her former position was upgraded; the
upgrade resulted from a new or corrected classification standard; and she met the
legal and qualification requirements for promotion to the upgraded position. Id.
¶17 The appellant argued below that she was constructively demoted because
she was reassigned from a position which, due to deliberate error in
classifying the position, was worth a higher grade, [she] met the
legal and qualification requirements for promotion to the higher
grade, and the employee who held that position was permanently
reassigned to a position classified at a grade level lower than the
grade level to which the employee would otherwise have
been promoted.
IAF, Tab 5 at 10. In the initial decision, the administrative judge found that the
appellant failed to nonfrivolously allege that she was subjected to a constructive
demotion because, although she argued that her prior position was misclassified,
9
she did not allege that there was an agency corrective reclassification. ID at 8.
The administrative judge further noted that the Board lacked jurisdiction over the
appellant’s claim that her prior position was misclassified because such disputes
fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Office of Personnel Management
(OPM). Id.
¶18 On review, the appellant appears to argue that the administrative judge
erred in holding that the Board lacks jurisdiction over appeals concerning a
position’s proper classification because OPM
does not, and will likely never know of the extraordi nary abuse of
the Agency concerning proper position classification, duties above
and (especially, as a form of punishment) below grade‑appropriate,
and the obscuring of such Agency exploitation of the classification
system, if it is not directly brought to their attention … Absent OPM
attention, the Board can and must close this loophole regarding
constructive demotion[.]
PFR File, Tab 1 at 12-13. The appellant further appears to argue that the
administrative judge erred in relying on the Board’s decisio n in Marcheggiani for
the elements of a constructive demotion. Id. at 13-14. The appellant urges the
Board to remand this matter for a hearing, “if for no other reason that [her
supervisors] and their Agency so routinely flaunt OPM classification in assigning
less-than-grade-appropriate duties.” Id. at 16.
¶19 The appellant’s arguments on review are unavailing. The administrative
judge properly relied on Marcheggiani, which sets forth the elements required for
a finding of Board jurisdiction over a claim of constructive demotion, and
correctly concluded that the appellant did not nonfrivolously allege facts that
would entitle her to a jurisdictional hearing on her constructive demotion claim .
ID at 7-8; see Marcheggiani, 90 M.S.P.R. 212, ¶ 7; see also Hogan v. Department
of the Navy, 218 F.3d 1361, 1365 (Fed. Cir. 2000); Russell v. Department of the
Navy, 6 M.S.P.R. 698, 711 (1981). The administrative judge also correctly
explained that the Board lacks jurisdiction over appeals concerning a position’s
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proper classification or issues related to a position’s classification and that such
disputes fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of OPM . 4 ID at 8.
¶20 Although the appellant believes that the agency has intentionally avoided
the Board’s jurisdiction through a “sham reorganization” and has “routinely
flaunt[ed] OPM classification in assigning less-than-grade-appropriate duties” in
order to “cull elderly, disabled and otherwise disfavored employees,” PFR File,
Tab 1 at 16, such facts, even if true, would not bring the appellant’s reassignment
within the Board’s jurisdiction. The Board does not have jurisdiction to address
all matters that are alleged to be incorrect or unfair. Miller v. Department of
Homeland Security, 111 M.S.P.R. 325, ¶ 14 (2009), aff’d, 361 F. App’x 134 (Fed.
Cir. 2010). Rather, the Board adjudicates only those actions for which a right of
appeal has been granted by law, rule, or regulation. Maddox v. Merit Systems
Protection Board, 759 F.2d 9, 10 (Fed. Cir. 1985).
¶21 As the administrative judge correctly determined, the appellant failed to
nonfrivolously allege any basis for the Board to assert jurisdiction over her
reassignment as a constructive demotion, and the appellant’s arguments on review
provide no basis to disturb this finding.
The appellant has failed to show that the administrative judge was biased.
¶22 The appellant also argues on review that the administrative judge was
biased in favor of the agency because the agency’s arguments “are exceedingly
weak” and because she disagrees with the findings in the initial decision. PFR
File, Tab 1 at 11-12. In making a claim of bias or prejudice against an
administrative judge, a party must overcome the presumption of honesty and
integrity that accompanies administrative adjudicators. Oliver v. Department of
Transportation, 1 M.S.P.R. 382, 386 (1980). Furthermore, an administrative
judge’s conduct during the course of a Board proceeding warrants a new
4
Under OPM’s regulations, “[a]n employee … may request an [OPM] decision as
to …[t]he appropriate occupational series or grade of the employee's official position.”
5 C.F.R. § 511.603(a)(1).
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adjudication only if the administrative judge’s comments or actions evidence “a
deep-seated favoritism or antagonism that would make fair judgment impossible.”
Bieber v. Department of the Army, 287 F.3d 1358, 1362-63 (Fed. Cir. 2002).
Here, the appellant has not pointed to any evidence that the administrative judge
was biased or prejudiced against her, or that she displayed favoritism or
antagonism in the proceedings below. Accordingly, we find no merit to the
appellant’s complaints of bias.
NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
YOUR FURTHER REVIEW RIGHTS
You have the right to request review of this final decision by the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. You must submit your request to
the court at the following address:
United States Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit
717 Madison Place, N.W.
Washington, DC 20439
The court must receive your request for review no later than 60 calendar days
after the date of this order. See 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(A) (as rev. eff. Dec. 27,
2012). If you choose to file, be very careful to file on time. The court has held
that normally it does not have the authority to waive this statutory deadline and
that filings that do not comply with the deadline must be dismissed. See Pinat v.
Office of Personnel Management, 931 F.2d 1544 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
If you need further information about your right to appeal this decision to
court, you should refer to the Federal law that gives you this right. It is found in
title 5 of the United States Code, section 7703 (5 U.S.C. § 7703) (as rev. eff.
Dec. 27, 2012). You may read this law and other sections of the United States
Code, at our website, http://www.mspb.gov/appeals/uscode.htm. Additional
information is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of
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particular relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,”
which is contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, and 11.
If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at
http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation
for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The
Merit Systems Protection Board neither endorses the services provided by any
attorney nor warrants that any attorney will accept representation in a given case.
FOR THE BOARD: ______________________________
Jennifer Everling
Acting Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.