State v. Manns ( 2014 )


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  • An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute
    controlling legal authority. Citation is disfavored, but may be permitted in accordance
    with the provisions of Rule 30(e)(3) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure.
    NO. COA13-1324
    NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS
    Filed: 17 June 2014
    STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
    v.                                      Forsyth County
    No. 12 CRS 061995
    JOY FATINA MANNS
    Appeal by defendant from judgment entered 1 May 2013 by
    Judge William Z. Wood in Forsyth County Superior Court.                       Heard
    in the Court of Appeals 26 May 2014.
    Attorney General Roy Cooper, by Associate Attorney General
    Adrian Dellinger, for the State.
    Don Willey for defendant-appellant.
    HUNTER, Robert C., Judge.
    Defendant      appeals    from     judgment    entered    based    upon   her
    conviction for felonious larceny from a merchant by removing,
    destroying,     or    deactivating       an   antishoplifting      or   inventory
    control device.       We find no error.
    Background
    The   State’s     evidence    at    trial     establishes   the   following
    factual background.        Paul Lott is the loss prevention manager at
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    Macy’s in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.                     On 30 November 2012,
    after being alerted about defendant’s presence, Mr. Lott, using
    an exterior video camera, located defendant in the parking lot.
    After   leaning       through      the     passenger    window       of     a    vehicle,
    defendant walked around and sat in the driver’s seat.                           Defendant
    then took individual items of clothing out of a bag, wrapped a
    plastic bag around each item’s antitheft device, and pulled each
    antitheft device apart.
    Mr. Lott testified that Macy’s used two types of antitheft
    devices to protect certain merchandise.                  The first type, called
    a microwave system, sets off an alarm when taken through the
    store’s exits.         The second type, called an ink tag, contains
    vials of ink which are supposed to stain the item when the tag
    is   pulled       apart.      Mr.     Lott       testified    that     the       type     of
    merchandise       recovered        from    defendant    would        have       had     been
    protected by these types of antitheft devices.
    After Mr. Lott observed defendant removing the antitheft
    devices,     he     called   the    Winston-Salem       Police   Department,             and
    officers responded within five minutes.                      Officer K.D. Freeman
    was one of the responding officers.                    He identified defendant,
    since   he    had    known   her     for    several    years.        Defendant          told
    Officer Freeman that she had gone to Macy’s to steal clothing in
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    order   to    pay    her   bills.      Officer      Freeman    noticed    that   the
    antitheft devices had been burned and removed from the clothing.
    Defendant told him that she “learned how to steal a long time
    ago”    and    had    burned    the       devices    off.       Another     officer
    photographed the merchandise, seized it, and returned it to Mr.
    Lott.     The merchandise consisted of jeans, pants, and a purse.
    Mr. Lott confirmed that the merchandise belonged to Macy’s.                      The
    stolen goods had a total value of $894.00.
    At the close of the State’s evidence, defendant moved to
    dismiss    the   charge,     but    the    trial    court    denied   her   motion.
    Defendant renewed her motion at the close of all evidence, which
    the trial court again denied.
    The jury found defendant guilty of felonious larceny by
    removing,     destroying,      or   deactivating       an     antishoplifting    or
    inventory control device.             The trial court sentenced defendant
    to a term of 6 to 17 months imprisonment.                   Defendant gave notice
    of appeal in a timely manner.
    Discussion
    Defendant argues that the trial court erred by denying her
    motion to dismiss.         “‘Upon defendant’s motion for dismissal, the
    question for the Court is whether there is substantial evidence
    (1) of each essential element of the offense charged, or of a
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    lesser offense included therein, and (2) of defendant’s being
    the perpetrator of such offense.               If so, the motion is properly
    denied.’”      State v. Fritsch, 
    351 N.C. 373
    , 378, 
    526 S.E.2d 451
    ,
    455 (quoting State v. Barnes, 
    334 N.C. 67
    , 75, 
    430 S.E.2d 914
    ,
    918 (1993)), cert. denied, 
    531 U.S. 890
    , 
    148 L. Ed. 2d 150
    (2000).     “Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as a
    reasonable      mind     might    accept       as     adequate    to   support     a
    conclusion.”         State v. Smith, 
    300 N.C. 71
    , 78, 
    265 S.E.2d 164
    ,
    169 (1980).      “In making its determination, the trial court must
    consider       all     evidence    admitted,           whether     competent      or
    incompetent, in the light most favorable to the State, giving
    the    State    the     benefit   of     every       reasonable    inference     and
    resolving any contradictions in its favor.”                 State v. Rose, 
    339 N.C. 172
    , 192, 
    451 S.E.2d 211
    , 223 (1994), cert. denied, 
    515 U.S. 1135
    , 
    132 L. Ed. 2d 818
     (1995).                   “This Court reviews the
    trial court’s denial of a motion to dismiss de novo.”                    State v.
    Smith, 
    186 N.C. App. 57
    , 62, 
    650 S.E.2d 29
    , 33 (2007).
    In the instant case, defendant was charged with larceny
    from   a   merchant     by   removing,     destroying,     or     deactivating    an
    antishoplifting or inventory control device, pursuant to 
    N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-72.11
    (2) (2013).                    “The essential elements of
    larceny are: (1) taking the property of another; (2) carrying it
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    away; (3) without the owner’s consent; and (4) with the intent
    to deprive the owner of the property permanently.”                           State v.
    Wilson, 
    154 N.C. App. 686
    , 690, 
    573 S.E.2d 193
    , 196 (2002).
    Here,   the      State    was    required    to   prove   the   four      elements    of
    larceny, plus the additional element specified by section 14-
    72.11(2):        that the larceny was committed against a merchant
    “[b]y removing, destroying, or deactivating a component of an
    antishoplifting          or   inventory     control    device        to   prevent    the
    activation of any antishoplifting or inventory control device.”
    
    N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-72.11
    (2); see State v. Justice, ___ N.C.
    App. ___, ___, 
    723 S.E.2d 798
    , 800-01 (2012).
    On   appeal,         defendant     challenges    the     sufficiency       of   the
    evidence to support the additional element required by section
    14-72.11(2), which makes the larceny a Class H felony under the
    circumstances.           She argues that the evidence shows she made no
    attempt to remove, destroy, or deactivate the antitheft devices
    until after the larceny had been completed and therefore did not
    attempt     to    remove        the   antitheft     devices     to    prevent     their
    activation       or   carry     out   the   theft    undetected.          Thus,     while
    defendant concedes that the evidence was sufficient to support a
    larceny conviction, she contends that the record only supports a
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    conviction for misdemeanor larceny, given that the value of the
    stolen goods was under $1,000.00.
    Defendant      has     not    cited    any   legal      authority     for   her
    argument, and we are not persuaded.               The plain language of the
    statute    does    not     support    her     contention.         Furthermore,    in
    Justice,    we    stated    that     “the   removal     of   an    antishoplifting
    device is a separate and distinct element from the taking and
    carrying away of the property in question.”                   Justice, ___ N.C.
    App. at ___, 
    723 S.E.2d at 801
    .               Although Justice dealt with an
    issue related to the indictment, we find our discussion of the
    elements of this offense in that decision to be instructive with
    respect to the instant issue, and we decline to deviate from the
    reasoning quoted above.           See 
    id.
    We find that the State’s evidence is sufficient to support
    a   finding       that     defendant        removed     a    component      of    an
    antishoplifting or inventory control device.                  Mr. Lott observed
    defendant   removing       antitheft    devices       from   merchandise    in   the
    parking lot of Macy’s.            Defendant also stated to Officer Freeman
    that she went to Macy’s to shoplift in order to pay her bills
    and that she burned off the antitheft devices.                    Accordingly, we
    hold that the trial court did not err in denying defendant’s
    motion to dismiss.
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    Conclusion
    For the foregoing reasons, we find no error.
    NO ERROR.
    Judges STEPHENS and ERVIN concur.
    Report per Rule 30(e).