State v. Gillis ( 2014 )


Menu:
  • An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute
    controlling legal authority. Citation is disfavored, but may be permitted in
    accordance with the provisions of Rule 30(e)(3) of the North Carolina Rules of
    A   p   p    e   l   l   a    t   e       P   r    o   c   e   d   u    r   e   .
    NO. COA13-1203
    NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS
    Filed:    20 May 2014
    STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
    v.                                   Cabarrus County
    No. 09 CRS 003474
    MARVA DENYSE GILLIS,
    Defendant.
    Appeal by defendant from judgment entered 5 June 2013 by
    Judge Tanya T. Wallace in Cabarrus County Superior Court.                       Heard
    in the Court of Appeals 17 February 2014.
    Roy Cooper, Attorney General, by J.                        Joy    Strickland,
    Assistant Attorney General, for the State.
    Jon W. Myers, for defendant-appellant.
    MARTIN, Chief Judge.
    Defendant        Marva   Denyse    Gillis    appeals      from    a    judgment
    entered    upon    a    jury   verdict   finding        her   guilty    of   impaired
    driving.        For the reasons stated herein, we find no error in
    defendant’s trial.
    On   11    April    2009,   defendant       was    arrested      for   impaired
    driving in violation of N.C.G.S. § 20-138.1.                   The first trial in
    -2-
    this case took place during the 7 March 2011 criminal session of
    Cabarrus County Superior Court.                 Defendant filed three separate
    motions      to   suppress    evidence       related     to    her   detention     and
    arrest.      After an evidentiary hearing, the trial court entered a
    written order on 8 March 2011, denying defendant’s motions to
    suppress     evidence.       The     case    proceeded    to    trial,     and   after
    retiring for deliberations, the jury deadlocked and could not
    reach    a   verdict.        The     trial    court,     therefore,       declared   a
    mistrial on 10 March 2011.
    The second trial in this case began on 4 June 2013.                       Before
    jury    selection,       defendant    requested       permission     to   personally
    address the trial court.             Although defendant was represented by
    appointed counsel, the court nonetheless allowed her request.
    Defendant asked for a continuance in order to allow for the
    opportunity to file new pretrial motions which her counsel had
    failed to file.       In addition, defendant requested that the court
    either    order    her    counsel    to     provide    effective     assistance      or
    appoint substitute counsel.            In response, the court stated that
    all of the pretrial motions had been ruled upon in the previous
    trial, and the court agreed with the State that defendant was
    thus not entitled to file new pretrial motions.                      The court then
    denied defendant’s motion for a continuance, informed defendant
    that only her counsel could speak to the court on her behalf,
    -3-
    and stated that anyone who made mention of the previous trial
    risked being found in contempt of court.
    Despite the court’s threat of contempt, Sergeant Timothy
    Russell   made     a    remark    during       cross-examination       by     defense
    counsel which alluded to a prior instance where he had heard
    defendant testify.         Defendant objected and moved to strike the
    comment from the record.            The court sustained the objection and
    instructed the jury to disregard the comment.                     Once the State
    rested its case, defendant moved for a mistrial, and the court
    denied the motion.
    On 5 June 2013, the jury returned a guilty verdict.                             At
    sentencing,      the    trial    court     found    no    grossly     aggravating,
    aggravating, or mitigating factors and sentenced defendant to
    Level Four punishment.          Defendant appeals.
    _________________________
    On    appeal,       defendant    argues      the     trial   court      erred   by
    failing to order her appointed counsel to abide by her wishes
    regarding trial tactics and denying defendant’s request for the
    appointment of substitute counsel.              We disagree.
    A trial court’s denial of a defendant’s request for the
    appointment   of       substitute    counsel     will     not    be   disturbed     on
    appeal absent an abuse of discretion.              State v. Sweezy, 
    291 N.C. 366
    , 372, 
    230 S.E.2d 524
    , 529 (1976).                  Both the Sixth Amendment
    -4-
    to   the    United     States      Constitution         and    the    North    Carolina
    Constitution        guarantee      an    indigent       defendant      the    right    to
    appointed counsel in a criminal prosecution.                         State v. Taylor,
    
    155 N.C. App. 251
    ,    254,       
    574 S.E.2d 58
    ,   61–62    (2002),    cert.
    denied,     
    357 N.C. 65
    ,     
    579 S.E.2d 572
        (2003).       The    right    to
    appointed     counsel,      however,       does   not     include     the     “right   to
    replace     appointed       counsel      merely      because    the     defendant      is
    dissatisfied with the present attorney’s work or because of a
    disagreement over trial tactics.”                  State v. Prevatte, 
    356 N.C. 178
    , 216, 
    570 S.E.2d 440
    , 461 (2002), cert. denied, 
    538 U.S. 986
    , 
    155 L. Ed. 2d 681
     (2003).
    A     trial    court   must    appoint       substitute     counsel      “whenever
    representation by counsel originally appointed would amount to
    denial of defendant’s right to effective assistance of counsel.”
    State v. Thacker, 
    301 N.C. 348
    , 352, 
    271 S.E.2d 252
    , 255 (1980).
    “[T]actical decisions——such as which witnesses to call, which
    motions to make, and how to conduct cross-examination——normally
    lie within the attorney’s province.”                    State v. Brown, 
    339 N.C. 426
    , 434, 
    451 S.E.2d 181
    , 187 (1994), cert. denied, 
    516 U.S. 825
    , 
    133 L. Ed. 2d 46
     (1995).                    Only when a         “fully informed”
    defendant and his or her counsel reach an “absolute impasse” as
    to such tactical decisions, must the defendant’s wishes control.
    State v. Ali, 
    329 N.C. 394
    , 404, 
    407 S.E.2d 183
    , 189 (1991).
    -5-
    Nonetheless, “a disagreement over trial tactics generally does
    not render the assistance of the original counsel ineffective.”
    Thacker,      301 N.C.     at    352,    
    271 S.E.2d at 255
    .      Denial    of    a
    defendant’s request to appoint substitute counsel is therefore
    proper, “when it appears to the trial court that the original
    counsel is reasonably competent to present defendant’s case and
    the nature of the conflict between defendant and counsel is not
    such    as   would    render         counsel    incompetent     or     ineffective      to
    represent that defendant.”              
    Id.
    In this case, defendant expressed to the trial court her
    dissatisfaction         with    her     counsel’s     failure    to     file   pretrial
    motions and asked the court to either order counsel to provide
    effective assistance or appoint substitute counsel.                            Defendant
    asserts      that   because      her    counsel’s     failure     to    file   pretrial
    motions constituted an absolute impasse between defendant and
    her counsel as to trial tactics, the court erred by failing to
    instruct      counsel    to     abide    by    defendant’s      wishes.        Defendant
    further contends that her counsel’s failure to file pretrial
    motions also gave the court reason to doubt counsel’s competency
    as     an    advocate,        and     thus,     the   court      improperly       denied
    defendant’s request for the appointment of substitute counsel.
    Defendant     and       her    counsel,      however,    did    not     reach    an
    absolute impasse as to the filing of pretrial motions.                           Defense
    -6-
    counsel informed the court that he had spoken with defendant
    “extensively” the day before and that “[n]one of the issues that
    have   been    addressed   to   the      Court    came   up   yesterday.”        The
    record, therefore, discloses no indication of any discussion,
    much less an absolute impasse between defendant and her counsel
    concerning the filing of pretrial motions.                    Because defendant
    and her counsel did not reach an absolute impasse as to trial
    tactics, the court was not required to order counsel to abide by
    defendant’s wishes.
    Moreover, defendant’s statements to the court merely showed
    her    dissatisfaction       with        her     appointed     counsel     and    a
    disagreement over trial tactics and, thus, did not warrant the
    appointment of substitute counsel.                 See Prevatte, 
    356 N.C. at 216
    , 
    570 S.E.2d at 461
    .         While defendant may have disagreed with
    her counsel over trial tactics and there may have been some
    communication problem between them, the record before us reveals
    no    reason   for   the   court    to    have    doubted     defense    counsel’s
    competency as an advocate.          We therefore conclude that the trial
    court’s denial of defendant’s request for the appointment of
    substitute counsel was proper.
    Defendant further argues the trial court erred by ruling
    that defendant was not entitled to file new pretrial motions
    after the motions had been ruled upon in the previous trial and
    -7-
    denying defendant’s motion to continue the trial in order to
    file new pretrial motions.                We agree that defendant, in fact,
    was entitled to file new pretrial motions because a mistrial had
    been   declared       in    the     previous    trial.      See   State     v.   Harris,
    
    198 N.C. App. 371
    , 376, 
    679 S.E.2d 464
    , 468 (“When a defendant’s
    trial results in a hung jury and a new trial is ordered, the new
    trial is ‘[a] trial de novo, unaffected by rulings made therein
    during the [original] trial.’” (alteration in original) (quoting
    Burchette v. Lynch, 
    139 N.C. App. 756
    , 760, 
    535 S.E.2d 77
    , 80
    (2000))),     disc.        review    denied,     
    363 N.C. 585
    ,       
    683 S.E.2d 211
    (2009).     However, because defendant was represented by counsel,
    she was not allowed to represent herself or file motions on her
    own behalf.          See State v. Grooms, 
    353 N.C. 50
    , 61, 
    540 S.E.2d 713
    , 721 (2000) (“Having elected for representation by appointed
    defense counsel, defendant cannot also file motions on his own
    behalf or attempt to represent himself.                  Defendant has no right
    to   appear    both    by     himself     and    by   counsel.”),        cert.   denied,
    
    534 U.S. 838
    ,    
    151 L. Ed. 2d 54
         (2001).         The    trial   court,
    therefore, did not err by denying defendant’s pro se motion for
    a continuance.
    Defendant next contends the trial court erred by denying
    defendant’s motion for mistrial in response to a remark made by
    Sergeant Russell during the following exchange between defense
    -8-
    counsel and Sergeant Russell on cross-examination:
    [DEFENSE COUNSEL]:      And you’d                 have    no
    knowledge of how she speaks?
    [SERGEANT RUSSELL]:         That’s correct.
    [DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Now, the shoulder of the
    road you stated is flat and level.
    [SERGEANT RUSSELL]: That’s correct. Now, I
    can say that since that time I have heard
    her testify, and when I heard her testify,
    her speech was not slurred as it was on this
    night.
    [DEFENSE COUNSEL]:   I believe I’m going to
    move that    that [sic]    be struck, that
    response be struck from the record.
    THE COURT:   All right.  Sustained. Ladies
    and gentlemen, disregard that last comment
    by the witness.
    Defendant   moved     for    a   mistrial      based   on     Sergeant     Russell’s
    allusion    to   a   prior    instance    where    he    had    heard      defendant
    testify.    The court denied the motion, stating that the jury had
    been   instructed    to     disregard    the    comment.        Defendant     argues
    Sergeant Russell’s comment was prejudicial to defendant’s case
    and, as a result, a mistrial should have been granted.                            We
    disagree.
    We review a trial court’s denial of a defendant’s motion
    for mistrial for abuse of discretion.              State v. Bonney, 
    329 N.C. 61
    , 73, 
    405 S.E.2d 145
    , 152 (1991).              “A trial court should grant
    a   defendant’s      motion      for    mistrial       only    when      there   are
    -9-
    improprieties        in     the     trial      so     fundamental     that     they
    substantially and irreparably prejudice the defendant’s case,
    making it impossible for the defendant to receive a fair and
    impartial verdict.”             State v. Diehl, 
    147 N.C. App. 646
    , 650,
    
    557 S.E.2d 152
    ,       155     (2001),    cert.     denied,    
    356 N.C. 170
    ,
    
    568 S.E.2d 624
        (2002).         “Where    a     trial   court   sustains     a
    defendant’s objection to the answer of a witness, strikes same,
    and instructs the jury not to consider it, the jury is presumed
    to have heeded the instruction and any prejudice is removed.”
    State   v.   Gregory,      
    37 N.C. App. 693
    ,    697,   
    247 S.E.2d 19
    ,   22
    (1978).      As a result, when a trial court sustains an objection
    and instructs the jury to disregard the testimony, the court’s
    denial of a defendant’s motion for mistrial ordinarily does not
    constitute an abuse of discretion.                    State v. Hogan, 
    321 N.C. 719
    , 722–23, 
    365 S.E.2d 289
    , 290–91 (1988).
    Sergeant Russell’s remark about the prior instance where he
    had heard defendant testify was brief, oblique, and immediately
    addressed by the trial court.               The court sustained defendant’s
    objection and specifically directed the jury to disregard the
    testimony.      Moreover, at the outset of the trial, the court
    instructed the jury that “[i]f by chance the witness answers the
    question before or at the same instant the objection is made and
    I sustain the objection, do not consider the witness’s answer to
    -10-
    the question.          Disregard the answer and strike it from your
    mind.”     These general instructions, alone, were sufficient to
    cure any prejudice to defendant’s case resulting from Sergeant
    Russell’s testimony.           See State v. Vines, 
    105 N.C. App. 147
    ,
    153, 
    412 S.E.2d 156
    , 160–61 (1992).                    We therefore conclude that
    the    trial     court   did    not       abuse       its     discretion           in     denying
    defendant’s motion for mistrial.
    Finally,     defendant    argues       the      trial     court        erred       during
    sentencing by failing to find that defendant had a safe driving
    record      as     a     mitigating         factor           pursuant         to         N.C.G.S.
    § 20-179(e)(4).        We disagree.
    Pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 20-179, the trial court must conduct
    a     sentencing    hearing     to    determine             whether     any        statutorily
    enumerated       aggravating         or     mitigating           factors            affect     a
    defendant’s        sentence     following         a     conviction        for            impaired
    driving.       
    N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-179
    (a) (2013).                      While the State
    must present the defendant’s driving record to the court for
    consideration       during     the    sentencing            hearing,     the            defendant
    “bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence
    that a mitigating factor exists.”                 
    Id.
           Our review of the record
    reveals that defendant failed to argue the safe driving record
    mitigating factor at the sentencing hearing.                          Rather, defendant
    only alleged that defendant’s driving was otherwise safe and
    -11-
    lawful   at    the   time   of    the    offense,    which     is    an   unrelated
    mitigating     factor   set      forth     under    N.C.G.S.    § 20-179(e)(3).
    Because defendant did not meet her statutory burden of proving
    the   safe    driving   record    mitigating       factor,     the   trial   court
    committed no error in failing to find this mitigating factor.
    No Error.
    Judges ELMORE and HUNTER, JR. concur.
    Report per Rule 30(e).