State v. Grant ( 1982 )

291 S.E.2d 913 (1982)

STATE of North Carolina
v.
Benjamin Franklin GRANT, III.

No. 818SC1279.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

June 1, 1982.

Atty. Gen. Rufus L. Edmisten by Asst. Atty. Gen. J. Chris Prather, Raleigh, for the State.

David M. Rouse, Goldsboro, for defendant-appellant.

VAUGHN, Judge.

Defendant raises several assignments of error on appeal. None of them disclose prejudicial error.

In Assignment of Error No. 1, defendant argues that the court erred in failing to allow him to cross-examine the prosecuting witness as to whether she had filed a civil lawsuit for damages against him based on the facts involved in the prosecution. We agree that the court improperly limited the scope of cross-examination.

Cross-examination of an opposing witness for the purpose of showing his bias or interest is a substantial legal right. Jurors are to consider evidence of any prejudice in determining the witness' credibility. State v. Hart, 239 N.C. 709, 80 S.E.2d 901 (1954). In the present case, the prosecuting witness' pecuniary interest in the outcome of defendant's prosecution was clearly evidence which might have caused a jury to discount her testimony. The court, therefore, erred in its exclusion.

Ordinarily, such an exclusion of impeaching evidence would constitute reversible error since Mrs. Allen was the only witness, other than defendant, to the alleged assault. See State v. Treadaway, 249 N.C. 657, 107 S.E.2d 310 (1959); State v. Hart, supra. The present record indicates, however, that evidence of Mrs. Allen's pending civil action was later admitted without objection. Defendant has, therefore, failed to show prejudicial error entitling him to a new trial. See G.S. 15A-1443(a). The assignment of error is overruled.

In Assignment of Error No. 5, defendant argues that the court erred in failing to instruct the jury on justification. We disagree.

One without fault in provoking or continuing an assault is privileged to use such force as is reasonably necessary to protect himself from bodily harm or offensive physical contact. State v. Anderson, 230 N.C. 54, 51 S.E.2d 895 (1949). If defendant's evidence, even though contradicted by the State, raises the issue of self-defense, it is error for the court not to charge on the defense. State v. Blackmon, 38 N.C. App. 620, 248 S.E.2d 456 (1978), cert. denied, 296 N.C. 412, 251 S.E.2d 471 (1979).

The present defendant testified that Estelle Allen was the aggressor in the physical confrontation. It was only after she slapped him without cause that he struck her. Defendant presented no evidence, however, that Mrs. Allen's action caused him to fear for his personal safety. Defendant testified, "She slapped me with her right hand. I reacted in a split second." Defendant's sister stated that defendant had told her he slapped Mrs. Allen "on impulse" and "didn't mean to." Where there is no evidence from which a jury could find that defendant reasonably believed himself in need of protection, it would be improper for the court to instruct on justification. See State v. Moses, 17 N.C.App. 115, 193 S.E.2d 288 (1972).

Defendant also excepts to the court's failure to instruct on the law of corroborative evidence. We overrule the assignment of error.

A prior consistent statement is one made by a witness at an earlier time which is consistent with his testimony at trial. It is not admitted as substantive evidence. Rather it is admitted solely for the purpose of affirming the witness' credibility. 1 Stansbury, N.C. Evidence § 52 (Brandis rev.1973); State v. Covington, 290 N.C. 313, 337, 226 S.E.2d 629, 646 (1976). If defendant so requests, he is entitled to an instruction in the jury charge concerning the restricted purpose for which the statement is received, in addition to a direction at the time of its admission. 1 Stansbury, N.C. Evidence § 52 (Brandis rev.1973). See State v. Lee, 248 N.C. 327, 103 S.E.2d 295 (1958); State v. Spain, 3 N.C.App. 266, 164 S.E.2d 486 (1968).

In the present case, the court properly admitted as corroboration a statement previously made by defendant which was consistent with his testimony at trial. Defendant requested a jury instruction on corroborative evidence. The request was denied. Although defendant has grounds for exception, we conclude that in this case, the court's refusal to instruct did not constitute prejudicial error. In fact, by not restricting consideration of his prior consistent statement, the court benefitted defendant.

No error.

ROBERT M. MARTIN and ARNOLD, JJ., concur.