Whitesides v. Whitesides ( 2015 )

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court did not abuse its discretion in its resolution of these issues
in favor of Andrew. We reverse the judgment of the Court of
Appeals with respect to the issues of removal and modifica-
tion of custody. Because further review was not requested, we
do not disturb that portion of the Court of Appeals’ judgment
pertaining to visitation by Chesley and Ember’s child sup-
port obligation. We remand the cause to the Court of Appeals
with directions to affirm the judgment of the district court in
all respects.
R eversed and remanded with directions.
Heavican, C.J., participating on briefs.
Dwight E. Whitesides, appellee, v.
Linda M. Whitesides, appellant.
___ N.W.2d ___
Filed February 13, 2015. No. S-13-493.
1. Pleadings: Judgments. A postjudgment motion must be reviewed based on the
relief sought by the motion, not based on the title of the motion.
2. Motions to Vacate: Proof: Appeal and Error. An appellate court will reverse a
decision on a motion to vacate or modify a judgment only if the litigant shows
that the district court abused its discretion.
3. Judges: Words and Phrases. A judicial abuse of discretion exists when
reasons or rulings of a trial judge are clearly untenable, unfairly depriving
a litigant of a substantial right and denying just results in matters submitted
for disposition.
4. Jurisdiction: Words and Phrases. Subject matter jurisdiction is the power of a
tribunal to hear and determine a case in the general class or category to which
the proceedings in question belong and to deal with the general subject mat-
ter involved.
5. Courts: Jurisdiction: Divorce. Pursuant to Neb. Rev. Stat. § 42-351 (Reissue
2008), full and complete general jurisdiction over the entire marital relationship
and all related matters is vested in the district court in which a petition for dis-
solution of marriage is properly filed.
6. Courts: Jurisdiction: Divorce: Property Settlement Agreements. A district
court, in the exercise of its broad jurisdiction over marriage dissolutions, retains
jurisdiction to enforce all terms of approved property settlement agreements.
7. Courts: Jurisdiction. A court that has jurisdiction to make a decision also has
the power to enforce it by making such orders as are necessary to carry its judg-
ment or decree into effect.
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8. Pleadings. A pleading has two purposes: (1) to eliminate from consideration
contentions which have no legal significance and (2) to guide the parties and the
court in the conduct of cases.
9. ____. Pleadings frame the issues upon which the cause is to be tried and advise
the adversary as to what the adversary must meet.
10. Pleadings: Due Process. A court’s determination of questions raised by the
facts, but not presented in the pleadings, should not come at the expense of
due process.
11. Divorce: Modification of Decree: Property Settlement Agreements. Where
parties to a divorce action voluntarily execute a property settlement agreement
which is approved by the dissolution court and incorporated into a divorce decree
from which no appeal is taken, its provisions will not thereafter be vacated or
modified in the absence of fraud or gross inequity.
12. Appeal and Error. An appellate court is not obligated to engage in an analysis
that is not necessary to adjudicate the case and controversy before it.
Appeal from the District Court for Douglas County: W.
Russell Bowie III, Judge. Affirmed as modified.
Susan A. Anderson, of Anderson, Bressman & Hoffman Law
Firm, P.C., L.L.O., for appellant.
Philip B. Katz, of Koenig & Dunne Divorce Law, P.C.,
L.L.O., for appellee.
Heavican, C.J., Wright, Connolly, Stephan, McCormack,
Miller-Lerman, and Cassel, JJ.
Cassel, J.
INTRODUCTION
After a stipulated dissolution decree divided a partnership
interest, the husband sought modification, contending that
division of the interest could not be accomplished. The dis-
trict court denied modification, but made findings regarding
the interest’s assignability and the husband’s compliance with
the decree. The wife appeals. Because these surplus findings
deprived her of due process, we modify the order to strike
them. As so modified, we affirm.
BACKGROUND
Dwight E. Whitesides and Linda M. Whitesides’ marriage
was dissolved via a dissolution decree entered in December
2012. At the time of the decree, Dwight possessed a 6-percent
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interest in a partnership known as the 20/20 Partnership. The
partnership owned a commercial building with spaces leased
to various tenants. Dwight testified that although the part-
nership had been using its income to pay off a mortgage, he
expected his interest to produce a net income of approximately
$500 to $600 every month.
At the time of trial, Dwight had offered his partnership
interest for sale to the other partners for $60,000. The other
partners had 30 days to accept the offer, and the time period
for accept­ance had not yet expired. Dwight testified that if the
offer was accepted, the net proceeds would be split equally
with Linda. However, if the other partners rejected the offer, he
would transfer half of his interest to Linda. And he confirmed
that half of the income produced from the interest would
belong to Linda.
The parties entered into a stipulation reflecting Dwight’s
testimony as to the disposition of the partnership interest.
Based upon the stipulation, the trial court entered its decree.
Regarding the partnership interest, the decree stated:
[Dwight] recently offered to sell his 6[-percent] interest in
20/20 partnership to the other 6 existing partners. Should
any of the partners purchase said stock, the net proceeds
shall be divided equally. Should none of the partners
choose to accept [Dwight’s] sale offer, [Dwight] shall
take whatever administrative actions are required to trans-
fer [half] of his interest to [Linda] pursuant to the 20/20
[operating agreement].
In February 2013, Dwight filed a “Motion to Alter or
Amend Decree of Dissolution” pursuant to Neb. Rev. Stat.
§ 25-2001 (Reissue 2008). In the motion, he alleged that none
of the other partners had accepted his offer to sell the partner-
ship interest. And he further alleged that he had attempted to
transfer half of his interest to Linda, but that the partnership
had refused to comply with his instructions. Finally, he con-
tended that Linda was unwilling to permit him to make an
additional offer to sell the interest. Thus, he requested that the
district court amend the decree to permit him to make addi-
tional offers to sell the interest.
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Linda, however, opposed Dwight’s request to make an addi-
tional offer to sell the partnership interest. Linda asserted that
under the dissolution decree, she had a vested interest in half of
the partnership interest. And if Dwight was permitted to make
an additional offer, he would be given the exclusive authority
to dispose of her share of the interest. Linda further contended
that she was not seeking to be a member of the partnership.
She sought only to be recognized as an assignee of half of
Dwight’s interest. And she argued that a complaint could be
filed against the partnership to enforce the assignment or that
Dwight could remit to her half of the net income from the
partnership interest every year. She therefore requested that the
district court enforce the dissolution decree and overrule the
motion to alter or amend.
The district court entered an order on May 15, 2013, over-
ruling the motion. But in doing so, the court made several find-
ings as to the effect of various provisions in the partnership’s
operating agreement. These findings included:
The [operating agreement] does not require the exist-
ing members to accept [Linda] as a member. [Linda’s]
suggestion that [Dwight] assign [half] of his interest
to [her] would be equally untenable. [Linda] would be
entitled to a distribution of profits, but may not have the
corresponding obligation in the event [the partnership]
elected to make capital improvements to its office build-
ing, and [Dwight] would be responsible for any taxable
gains, and benefit from any taxable losses. Further, the
[o]perating [a]greement does not provide for an assign-
ment or transfer of less than 100 [percent] of a mem-
ber’s interest.
The district court further concluded that Dwight had fully
performed his obligations under the dissolution decree. He had
offered the partnership interest for sale, and when the offer
was rejected, he had attempted to transfer half of the inter-
est to Linda. The court acknowledged that the result achieved
was not one that the parties had contemplated at the time of
the decree. Although the interest was a marital asset, the court
had no value for the interest which it could divide between
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the parties. It therefore overruled the motion to alter or amend
the decree.
Linda filed a timely notice of appeal. We moved the case to
our docket pursuant to statutory authority.1
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
Linda assigns, restated, that the district court erred in its
findings contained in the May 15, 2013, order, because (1)
the court had no authority to interpret the dissolution decree
or to address Dwight’s compliance with the decree, (2) the
findings were irrelevant to the relief requested by Dwight and
denied Linda due process, (3) the findings unfairly prejudiced
Linda’s ability to enforce the decree in a future proceeding,
(4) the findings constituted an abuse of discretion, and (5) the
findings controverted the parties’ stipulation which formed the
basis for the decree.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
Dwight captioned his motion as seeking to alter or amend
the dissolution decree, but he did not file his motion pursuant
to Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-1329 (Reissue 2008). That section per-
mits a party to seek to alter or amend a judgment only within
10 days after the entry of the judgment.2 And the motion was
filed long after the 10-day period had expired. Thus, it could
not function as a motion under § 25-1329.3
[1] Rather, Dwight expressly brought his motion pursuant
to § 25-2001, which governs the vacation or modification of
prior judgments or orders. We therefore consider Dwight’s
motion as a motion to modify the dissolution decree pursuant
to § 25-2001. A postjudgment motion must be reviewed based
on the relief sought by the motion, not based on the title of
the motion.4
1
See Neb. Rev. Stat. § 24-1106(3) (Reissue 2008).
2
See, § 25-1329; Central Neb. Pub. Power v. Jeffrey Lake Dev., 267 Neb.
997, 679 N.W.2d 235 (2004).
3
See id.
4
Central Neb. Pub. Power, supra note 2.
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[2,3] An appellate court will reverse a decision on a motion
to vacate or modify a judgment only if the litigant shows
that the district court abused its discretion.5 A judicial abuse
of discretion exists when reasons or rulings of a trial judge
are clearly untenable, unfairly depriving a litigant of a sub-
stantial right and denying just results in matters submitted
for disposition.6
ANALYSIS
Linda does not contend that the district court erred in its
ultimate action on Dwight’s motion—which the court over-
ruled. Rather, she attacks the court’s findings. First, the court
concluded that the partnership’s operating agreement prohib-
ited a partial assignment of a member’s interest. Second, it
determined that Dwight had fully complied with his obligations
under the decree, even though he had failed to transfer half of
the partnership interest to Linda.
We first address Linda’s assertion that the district court
lacked the authority to make findings regarding the assignabil-
ity of the partnership interest and Dwight’s compliance with
the dissolution decree. We then turn to the alleged deprivation
of due process. Finding this issue to be dispositive, we do not
consider Linda’s remaining assignments of error.
Jurisdiction
In her first assignment of error, Linda asserts that the dis-
trict court lacked the authority to address any issues extra-
neous to Dwight’s request for modification. And she spe-
cifically alleges that the court had no authority to determine
Dwight’s compliance with his obligations under the dissolu-
tion decree, because she did not request that he be held in
contempt. Linda’s arguments as to the court’s authority go to
its jurisdiction.
[4-7] We have defined subject matter jurisdiction as the
power of a tribunal to hear and determine a case in the general
5
Eihusen v. Eihusen, 272 Neb. 462, 723 N.W.2d 60 (2006).
6
Simpson v. Simpson, 275 Neb. 152, 744 N.W.2d 710 (2008).
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class or category to which the proceedings in question belong
and to deal with the general subject matter involved.7 Pursuant
to Neb. Rev. Stat. § 42-351 (Reissue 2008), full and complete
general jurisdiction over the entire marital relationship and
all related matters is vested in the district court in which a
petition for dissolution of marriage is properly filed.8 And
a district court, in the exercise of its broad jurisdiction over
marriage dissolutions, retains jurisdiction to enforce all terms
of approved property settlement agreements.9 A court that has
jurisdiction to make a decision also has the power to enforce it
by making such orders as are necessary to carry its judgment
or decree into effect.10
The contested findings addressed the partnership interest
divided in the decree. And it is clear that the district court
possessed jurisdiction to enforce its disposition of the interest.
Thus, we are not persuaded that the court lacked subject mat-
ter jurisdiction to consider the assignability of the partnership
interest or Dwight’s compliance with his obligations under
the decree.
Due P rocess
Linda also asserts that the district court’s findings in the
May 15, 2013, order deprived her of due process. On this
point, we agree. The sole issue presented by Dwight’s motion
was his request to modify the dissolution decree.
[8-10] We have explained that a pleading has two purposes:
(1) to eliminate from consideration contentions which have no
legal significance and (2) to guide the parties and the court
in the conduct of cases.11 Pleadings frame the issues upon
which the cause is to be tried and advise the adversary as to
what the adversary must meet.12 And we have expressed that a
7
See Young v. Govier & Milone, 286 Neb. 224, 835 N.W.2d 684 (2013).
8
See Rozsnyai v. Svacek, 272 Neb. 567, 723 N.W.2d 329 (2006).
9
Strunk v. Chromy-Strunk, 270 Neb. 917, 708 N.W.2d 821 (2006).
10
Davis v. Davis, 265 Neb. 790, 660 N.W.2d 162 (2003).
11
See Spanish Oaks v. Hy-Vee, 265 Neb. 133, 655 N.W.2d 390 (2003).
12
Id.
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court’s determination of questions raised by the facts, but not
presented in the pleadings, should not come at the expense of
due process.13
The pleadings did not present the assignability of the part-
nership interest and Dwight’s compliance with the dissolu-
tion decree as issues for determination. Rather, in his motion,
Dwight alleged that the partnership had refused his instruc-
tions to transfer half of his interest and he requested that the
decree be modified to permit him to make additional offers
for sale. Thus, the district court should have limited its deter-
mination to whether a basis existed to permit modification of
the decree.
[11] And in this case, modification was appropriate only on
the basis of fraud or gross inequity. The disposition of the part-
nership interest in the dissolution decree was the result of the
parties’ stipulation. We have explained that where parties to a
divorce action voluntarily execute a property settlement agree-
ment which is approved by the dissolution court and incorpo-
rated into a divorce decree from which no appeal is taken, its
provisions will not thereafter be vacated or modified in the
absence of fraud or gross inequity.14
The district court’s consideration of matters irrelevant to
the existence of fraud or gross inequity deprived Linda of
procedural due process. Among other protections, procedural
due process generally requires parties whose rights are to be
affected by a proceeding to be given timely notice, which is
reasonably calculated to inform the person concerning the sub-
ject and issues involved in the proceeding.15
[12] Linda was given no notice that the assignability of the
partnership interest and Dwight’s compliance with the dissolu-
tion decree were before the district court for determination.
And these issues were extraneous to Dwight’s request for mod-
ification. The court’s findings should have been limited to the
appropriateness of modification due to fraud or gross inequity.
13
See Zahl v. Zahl, 273 Neb. 1043, 736 N.W.2d 365 (2007).
14
See Strunk, supra note 9.
15
See Zahl, supra note 13.
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But the court made no findings on that issue. Consequently,
we modify the court’s May 15, 2013, order to strike the find-
ings as surplusage. And we therefore have no need to consider
Linda’s remaining assignments of error. An appellate court is
not obligated to engage in an analysis that is not necessary to
adjudicate the case and controversy before it.16
CONCLUSION
Because the sole issue presented by Dwight’s motion was
modification of the dissolution decree, the district court should
have limited its determination to the existence of fraud or gross
inequity. Its consideration of matters extraneous to that issue
deprived Linda of due process. We strike the extraneous find-
ings in the court’s May 15, 2013, order as surplusage. As so
modified, we affirm the order overruling the motion to modify
the decree.
Affirmed as modified.
16
Holdsworth v. Greenwood Farmers Co-op, 286 Neb. 49, 835 N.W.2d 30
(2013).
Alison Richards on behalf of Makayla C., appellee,
v. Dustin McClure, appellant.
___ N.W.2d ___
Filed February 13, 2015. No. S-14-092.
1. Rules of Evidence. In proceedings where the Nebraska Evidence Rules apply, the
admissibility of evidence is controlled by the Nebraska Evidence Rules; judicial
discretion is involved only when the rules make discretion a factor in determin-
ing admissibility.
2. Judges: Words and Phrases. A judicial abuse of discretion exists when the
reasons or rulings of a trial judge are clearly untenable, unfairly depriving
a litigant of a substantial right and denying just results in matters submitted
for disposition.
3. Judgments: Injunction: Appeal and Error. A protection order is analogous to
an injunction. Accordingly, the grant or denial of a protection order is reviewed
de novo on the record.
4. Criminal Law: Statutes. Nebraska’s stalking and harassment statutes are given
an objective construction, and the victim’s experience resulting from the perpetra-
tor’s conduct should be assessed on an objective basis.