In re Interest of Xandria P. , 311 Neb. 591 ( 2022 )

Nebraska Supreme Court Online Library
www.nebraska.gov/apps-courts-epub/
07/22/2022 09:06 AM CDT
- 591 -
Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
311 Nebraska Reports
IN RE INTEREST OF XANDRIA P.
Cite as 311 Neb. 591In re Interest of Xandria P., a child
under 18 years of age.
State of Nebraska, appellee, v.
Dale A., appellant.
___ N.W.2d ___
Filed May 13, 2022. No. S-21-500.
1. Juvenile Courts: Evidence: Appeal and Error. An appellate court
reviews juvenile cases de novo on the record and reaches its conclu-
sions independently of the juvenile court’s findings; however, when the
evidence is in conflict, an appellate court may consider and give weight
to the fact that the trial court observed the witnesses and accepted one
version of the facts over the other.
2. Evidence: Appeal and Error. In a de novo review, an appellate court
disregards inadmissible or improper evidence.
3. Juvenile Courts: Evidence: Appeal and Error. While reviewing a
juvenile proceeding de novo on the record, an appellate court consid-
ers whether the record establishes by a preponderance of the evidence
that a juvenile is adjudicated under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 43-247(3)(a)
(Reissue 2016).
4. Rules of Evidence: Hearsay. A declarant’s out-of-court statement
offered for the truth of the matter asserted is inadmissible unless it falls
within a definitional exclusion or statutory exception.
5. ____: ____. Neb. Evid. R. 803(3), Neb. Rev. Stat. § 27-803(3) (Reissue
2016), is based on the notion that a person seeking medical attention
will give a truthful account of the history and current status of his or her
condition in order to ensure proper treatment.
6. Rules of Evidence: Hearsay: Sexual Assault: Minors. Statements
made by a child victim of sexual abuse to a forensic interviewer in the
chain of medical care may be admissible under Neb. Evid. R. 803(3),
Neb. Rev. Stat. § 27-803(3) (Reissue 2016), even though the interview
has the partial purpose of assisting law enforcement’s investigation of
the crimes.
- 592 -
Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
311 Nebraska Reports
IN RE INTEREST OF XANDRIA P.
Cite as 311 Neb. 5917. Rules of Evidence: Hearsay. Whether a statement was both taken
and given in contemplation of medical diagnosis or treatment is a
factual finding made by the court in determining the admissibility of
the evidence under Neb. Evid. R. 803(3), Neb. Rev. Stat. § 27-803(3)
(Reissue 2016).
8. Juvenile Courts: Evidence: Appeal and Error. In a juvenile case,
just as in a civil case, the admission or exclusion of evidence is not
reversible error unless it unfairly prejudiced a substantial right of the
complaining party.
9. Juvenile Courts: Jurisdiction: Parental Rights. The purpose of the
adjudication phase of a juvenile proceeding is to protect the interests of
the child. The parents’ rights are determined at the dispositional phase,
not at the adjudication phase.
10. Juvenile Courts: Jurisdiction: Proof. At the adjudication stage, in
order for a juvenile court to assume jurisdiction of minor children under
Neb. Rev. Stat. § 43-247(3)(a) (Reissue 2016), the State must prove the
allegations of the petition by a preponderance of the evidence.
Appeal from the County Court for Platte County: Frank J.
Skorupa, Judge. Affirmed.
Joel E. Carlson, of Stratton, DeLay, Doele, Carlson, Buettner
& Stover, P.C., L.L.O., for appellant.
Breanna D. Anderson-Flaherty, Deputy Platte County
Attorney, for appellee.
Heavican, C.J., Miller-Lerman, Cassel, Stacy, Funke,
Papik, and Freudenberg, JJ.
Funke, J.
Following a trial, the county court for Platte County,
Nebraska, sitting as a juvenile court, adjudicated Xandria P.
as a juvenile under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 43-247(3)(a) (Reissue
2016). Xandria’s mother, Victoria M., did not appeal the adju-
dication order, but Xandria’s stepfather, Dale A., did. Because
we find no merit to Dale’s appeal, we affirm.
BACKGROUND
The State of Nebraska filed a petition alleging Xandria
was a juvenile under § 43-247(3)(a), because Dale, who is
- 593 -
Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
311 Nebraska Reports
IN RE INTEREST OF XANDRIA P.
Cite as 311 Neb. 591married to Xandria’s mother, Victoria, and lives with Xandria
and Victoria, subjected Xandria to sexual abuse. The petition
also alleged that Xandria had disclosed Dale’s sexual contact
to Victoria and that Victoria had dismissed the disclosure. The
court held a hearing in May 2021 and sustained the allegations
in the petition.
The trial record showed that Xandria, born in 2013, told her
first grade teacher that “she had a secret with her dad” that she
was not supposed to tell anyone about or he would go to jail.
Xandria stated that they do things that “a boyfriend and girl-
friend do.” Xandria’s teacher reported Xandria’s statements to
an investigator with the Platte County sheriff’s office, Joseph
Gragert. Gragert called the Nebraska Department of Health and
Human Services (DHHS) child abuse hotline and completed a
safety intake regarding Xandria with Sara Baustert, a DHHS
child and family services specialist.
Gragert and Baustert met with Xandria at her school. Baustert
testified that a school official reported that “Xandria went up
to a teacher and stated that she has a secret between her and
her dad and that it’s something that boyfriends and girlfriends
do and gestured towards her genital area.” The school official
stated that Xandria refers to Dale as “dad,” noting that Dale
lives in the home with Xandria and Victoria.
Gragert and Baustert placed Xandria into the custody
of DHHS and transported her to the Northeast Nebraska
Child Advocacy Center (NNCAC) in Norfolk, Nebraska.
Sarah Scheinost, a forensic interview specialist, conducted a
recorded forensic interview of Xandria. During the interview,
Scheinost explained that the NNCAC is part of a hospital net-
work with doctors and nurses available to meet with Xandria.
Scheinost also explained that it was important for Xandria
to tell the truth, and Xandria agreed to do so. Xandria then
disclosed that she and her “dad” had a secret for more than
1 year whereon multiple occasions he would remove his and
Xandria’s clothing and “put his thing that he uses to pee”
in her “place that she uses to go pee.” Using her hands and
- 594 -
Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
311 Nebraska Reports
IN RE INTEREST OF XANDRIA P.
Cite as 311 Neb. 591anatomical drawings, Xandria identified her vaginal area.
Xandria referred to his penis as a “big, huge, thing” that he
“uses to pee.” Xandria reported that on multiple times he
had gotten on top of her while both were without clothing.
Xandria reported that “her ‘[d]ad’ licked her in the vaginal
area” and that she had disclosed this to Victoria on at least
one occasion.
The State, after filing the petition in this matter, requested
a pretrial hearing on the admissibility of Xandria’s recorded
interview. At that hearing, Scheinost provided testimony on
behalf of the State to lay foundation for the admission of
the recorded interview. Scheinost testified that she holds a
bachelor’s degree in human service counseling and a master’s
degree of science in education. Scheinost further testified that
the NNCAC is located on the east campus of a medical facility.
Scheinost indicated that the NNCAC provides forensic inter-
views, medical examinations, and child advocacy. Scheinost
explained that forensic interviews provide medical and thera-
peutic care for the victim and allow for medical examination
or continued therapy as possible followup treatment. Scheinost
also testified that the recorded forensic interviews are con-
ducted for medical purposes and can be used for purposes of
medical diagnosis and treatment.
On cross-examination, Scheinost admitted she had no medi-
cal training and did not make a medical diagnosis. Scheinost
also testified that law enforcement was involved in the matter
both before and after the interview and that potential child
abuse was being investigated. The court, over the hearsay
objections of Dale and Victoria, ruled the interview admissible
pursuant to the statutory exception regarding medical evi-
dence under Neb. Evid. R. 803(3), Neb. Rev. Stat. § 27-803(3)
(Reissue 2016).
At the adjudication hearing, Xandria did not testify, but
her recorded interview was received into evidence, again over
the objections of Dale and Victoria. Gragert testified about
phone calls made by Dale to Victoria while Dale was in jail.
- 595 -
Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
311 Nebraska Reports
IN RE INTEREST OF XANDRIA P.
Cite as 311 Neb. 591Gragert testified that Dale and Victoria spoke multiple times
every day and that in certain calls, Dale had directed Victoria
to tell Xandria to say that she lied, to tell her that he is in
jail because of what she said, to tell her not to talk to any-
body, and to tell her that she was assaulted by her biological
father. In one call, Victoria stated to Dale that she may only
get Xandria back for 1 day, to which Dale responded that
“one day is enough to tell Xandria to keep her mouth shut.”
Gragert testified that Victoria generally responded to Dale in
the affirmative. Gragert testified that Xandria disclosed during
the forensic interview that she once told Victoria about her
sexual contact with Dale, and that Victoria stated that “[d]addy
wouldn’t do that to you.”
Victoria testified that Xandria did not disclose to her sexual
contact with Dale. Victoria admitted that Dale has instructed
her to tell Xandria things about the case and that Victoria
generally responds to Dale in the affirmative. Victoria admit-
ted that she had watched the forensic interview of Xandria
and was aware of Xandria’s statements regarding Dale’s sex-
ual contact.
The court’s order of adjudication found that Xandria is a
juvenile, under § 43-247(3)(a), who is abandoned by his or her
parent, guardian, or custodian; who lacks proper parental care
by reason of the fault or habits of his or her parent, guardian, or
custodian; or whose parent, guardian, or custodian neglects or
refuses to provide proper or necessary subsistence, education,
or other care necessary for the health, morals, or well-being
of such juvenile. The court found that the home environment
created by Dale and Victoria was injurious to Xandria’s health,
safety, morals, and well-being.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
Dale assigns, restated, that the court erred in (1) admitting
the forensic interview into evidence over hearsay objections,
(2) admitting other evidence over hearsay and relevance objec-
tions, (3) finding sufficient evidence for an adjudication, and
(4) overruling Dale’s motion to dismiss.
- 596 -
Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
311 Nebraska Reports
IN RE INTEREST OF XANDRIA P.
Cite as 311 Neb. 591STANDARD OF REVIEW
[1] An appellate court reviews juvenile cases de novo on the
record and reaches its conclusions independently of the juve-
nile court’s findings; however, when the evidence is in conflict,
an appellate court may consider and give weight to the fact that
the trial court observed the witnesses and accepted one version
of the facts over the other. 1
[2,3] Several legal principles control our de novo review
of proceedings in the juvenile court. In a de novo review, an
appellate court disregards inadmissible or improper evidence. 2
While reviewing a juvenile proceeding de novo on the record,
an appellate court considers whether the record establishes by
a preponderance of the evidence that a juvenile is adjudicated
under § 43-247(3)(a). 3
ANALYSIS
Evidentiary Objections
Central to Dale’s appeal is his claim that the juvenile
court erred in admitting hearsay and irrelevant evidence. To
summarize, Dale argues that the court erred in admitting
Xandria’s recorded forensic interview under rule 803(3); in
allowing Gragert to testify about out-of-court statements made
by Xandria, Xandria’s teacher, Dale, and Victoria; in admitting
certified copies of Dale’s criminal charges; and in admitting
safety and risk assessment documents concerning Xandria.
[4] In regard to the forensic interview, a declarant’s
out-of-court statement offered for the truth of the matter
1
See, In re Interest of Prince R., 308 Neb. 415, 954 N.W.2d 294 (2021); In
re Interest of Elainna R., 298 Neb. 436, 904 N.W.2d 689 (2017).
2
See, In re Interest of D.P.Y. and J.L.Y., 239 Neb. 647, 477 N.W.2d 573(1991); In re Interest of O.L.D. and M.D.D., 1 Neb. App. 471, 499 N.W.2d
552 (1993), citing In re Interest of L.H. et al., 241 Neb. 232, 487 N.W.2d
279 (1992).
3
See id.- 597 -
Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
311 Nebraska Reports
IN RE INTEREST OF XANDRIA P.
Cite as 311 Neb. 591asserted is inadmissible unless it falls within a definitional
exclusion or statutory exception. 4 Rule 803 provides:
Subject to the provisions of section 27-403, the follow-
ing are not excluded by the hearsay rule, even though the
declarant is available as a witness:
....
(3) Statements made for purposes of medical diag-
nosis or treatment and describing medical history, or
past or present symptoms, pain, or sensations, or the
inception or general character of the cause or external
source thereof insofar as reasonably pertinent to diagno-
sis or treatment.
[5-7] Rule 803(3) is based on the notion that a person
seeking medical attention will give a truthful account of the
history and current status of his or her condition in order to
ensure proper treatment. 5 Statements made by a child vic-
tim of sexual abuse to a forensic interviewer in the chain
of medical care may be admissible under rule 803(3), even
though the interview has the partial purpose of assisting law
enforcement’s investigation of the crimes. 6 The fundamental
inquiry to determine whether statements, made by a declar-
ant who knew law enforcement was listening, had a medi-
cal purpose is if the challenged statement has some value in
diagnosis or treatment, because the patient would still have
the requisite motive for providing the type of sincere and
4
State v. Jedlicka, 297 Neb. 276, 900 N.W.2d 454 (2017).
5
Id. See, State v. Vaught, 268 Neb. 316, 682 N.W.2d 284 (2004); Vacanti
v. Master Electronics Corp., 245 Neb. 586, 514 N.W.2d 319 (1994); State
v. Dyer, 245 Neb. 385, 513 N.W.2d 316 (1994); State v. Red Feather, 205
Neb. 734, 289 N.W.2d 768 (1980). See, also, Morgan v. Foretich, 846
F.2d 941 (4th Cir. 1988); United States v. Renville, 779 F.2d 430 (8th Cir.
1985); State v. Smith, 315 N.C. 76, 337 S.E.2d 833 (1985); Gregory v.
State, 56 S.W.3d 164 (Tex. App. 2001).
6
Jedlicka, supra note 4. See, Tilson v. Tilson, 307 Neb. 275, 948 N.W.2d
768 (2020); Vaught, supra note 5; State v. Roenfeldt, 241 Neb. 30, 486
N.W.2d 197 (1992).
- 598 -
Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
311 Nebraska Reports
IN RE INTEREST OF XANDRIA P.
Cite as 311 Neb. 591reliable information that is important to that diagnosis and
treatment. 7 Whether a statement was both taken and given in
contemplation of medical diagnosis or treatment is a factual
finding in determining the admissibility of the evidence under
rule 803(3). 8
Statements having a dual medical and investigatory purpose
are admissible under rule 803(3), only if the proponent of the
statements demonstrates that (1) the declarant’s purpose in
making the statements was to assist in the provision of medical
diagnosis or treatment and (2) the statements were of a nature
reasonably pertinent to medical diagnosis or treatment by a
medical professional. 9 Under rule 803(3), the admissibility of
a victim’s statements in a recording is not distinct from the
admissibility of the statements themselves. 10 The fundamental
inquiry when considering a declarant’s intent is whether the
statement was made in legitimate and reasonable contempla-
tion of medical diagnosis or treatment. 11 Under rule 803(3), the
appropriate state of mind of the declarant may be reasonably
inferred from the circumstances; such a determination is neces-
sarily fact specific. 12
Dale argues there was no foundation to admit the foren-
sic interview under rule 803(3), because the specialist who
conducted the interview did not herself conduct a medical
7
See id.8
See, State v. Herrera, 289 Neb. 575, 856 N.W.2d 310 (2014); State v. Vigil,
283 Neb. 129, 810 N.W.2d 687 (2012); Red Feather, supra note 5; Morfeld
v. Weidner, 99 Neb. 49, 154 N.W. 860 (1915); State v. Cheloha, 25 Neb.
App. 403, 907 N.W.2d 317 (2018); State v. Meduna, 18 Neb. App. 818,
794 N.W.2d 160 (2011).
9
Jedlicka, supra note 4. See, Tilson, supra note 6; State v. Dady, 304 Neb.
649, 936 N.W.2d 486 (2019); Vigil, supra note 8; In re Interest of B.R. et
al., 270 Neb. 685, 708 N.W.2d 586 (2005); Cheloha, supra note 8.
10
Jedlicka, supra note 4.
11
Id.12
Id.- 599 -
Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
311 Nebraska Reports
IN RE INTEREST OF XANDRIA P.
Cite as 311 Neb. 591examination or render a medical diagnosis, nor did any other
health care professional. Dale argues the sole purpose of the
interview was criminal investigation.
However, Dale’s argument is contrary to Nebraska law
and this court’s precedents. Here, Scheinost testified that
the NNCAC is located on the campus of a medical facility.
Scheinost testified that the recorded forensic interview was
conducted for a medical purpose and could be used for pur-
poses of diagnosis and treatment. During the forensic inter-
view, Scheinost told Xandria that the interview room is a safe
room, where she could say what she wanted to say and use the
words she wanted to use without getting into trouble. Scheinost
told Xandria that NNCAC is part of a hospital, that doctors and
nurses work there, and that after the interview, Xandria could
speak with a doctor or nurse if she had any concerns about
her body or health. Upon our de no review, we conclude that
the testimony of Scheinost and the recorded interview itself
provide adequate foundation for admitting Xandria’s recorded
testimony under rule 803(3).
Given our conclusion that the juvenile court properly admit-
ted Xandria’s recorded interview, Dale’s remaining evidentiary
arguments as to the admission of the out-of-court statements of
Xandria’s teacher, Dale, and Victoria; the admission of certi-
fied copies of Dale’s criminal charges; and the admission of
the safety and risk assessments are irrelevant because Dale has
failed to demonstrate that he was prejudiced as a result of the
court’s evidentiary rulings.
[8] This court has recently observed that in a juvenile case,
just as in a civil case, the admission or exclusion of evidence
is not reversible error unless it unfairly prejudiced a substan-
tial right of the complaining party. 13 Moreover, when evaluat-
ing Dale’s evidentiary objections, it is important to note that
an appellate court does not consider inadmissible evidence
13
In re Interest of Vladimir G., 306 Neb. 127, 944 N.W.2d 309 (2020).
- 600 -
Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
311 Nebraska Reports
IN RE INTEREST OF XANDRIA P.
Cite as 311 Neb. 591in its de novo review of a juvenile proceeding. 14 Given the
lack of demonstrated prejudice and the applicable standard
of review which requires the exclusion of inadmissible evi-
dence, Dale failed to show how the juvenile court’s other
evidentiary rulings had any independent legal significance
in the resolution of this matter. As such, Dale’s assignments
of error concerning the improper admission of evidence are
without merit.
Sufficiency of Evidence
[9,10] The purpose of the adjudication phase is to protect
the interests of the child. 15 The parents’ rights are determined
at the dispositional phase, not at the adjudication phase. 16 At
the adjudication stage, in order for a juvenile court to assume
jurisdiction of minor children under § 43-247(3)(a), the State
must prove the allegations of the petition by a preponderance
of the evidence. 17
Dale postulates that the forensic interview was insufficient
evidence because Xandria referred to “dad” and not “Dale.”
Dale thus argues the interview failed to establish a positive
identification. However, Dale’s assertion is refuted by the
record, because Xandria consistently referred to “dad” as the
man living in her home who is married to her mother. As such,
we conclude that the State sustained the adjudication petition
by a preponderance of the evidence. This assignment of error
is without merit.
14
In re Interest of D.P.Y. and J.L.Y., supra note 2.
15
In re Interest of Brian B. et al., 268 Neb. 870, 689 N.W.2d 184 (2004).
16
Id. See, also, In re Interest of Jeremy U. et al., 304 Neb. 734, 936 N.W.2d
733 (2020); In re Interest of Justine J. et al., 286 Neb. 250, 835 N.W.2d
674 (2013); In re Interest of Karlie D., 283 Neb. 581, 811 N.W.2d 214(2012); In re Interest of Sabrina K., 262 Neb. 871, 635 N.W.2d 727(2001); In re Interest of Kantril P. & Chenelle P., 257 Neb. 450, 598
N.W.2d 729 (1999).
17
In re Interest of Brian B. et al., supra note 15.
- 601 -
Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
311 Nebraska Reports
IN RE INTEREST OF XANDRIA P.
Cite as 311 Neb. 591Motion to Dismiss
As a final matter, Dale argues the juvenile court lacked juris-
diction over the petition, based on his allegation that the court
did not enter a temporary custody order within 48 hours from
the time Xandria was taken into custody, as required by Neb.
Rev. Stat. § 43-250(2) (Cum. Supp. 2020). Section 43-250(2)
states in relevant part:
When a juvenile is taken into temporary custody pursu-
ant to subdivision (2), (7), or (8) of section 43-248, and
not released under subdivision (1)(a) of this section, the
peace officer shall deliver the custody of such juvenile
to [DHHS] which shall make a temporary placement of
the juvenile in the least restrictive environment consistent
with the best interests of the juvenile as determined by
[DHHS]. . . . If a court order of temporary custody is not
issued within forty-eight hours of taking the juvenile into
custody, the temporary custody by [DHHS] shall termi-
nate and the juvenile shall be returned to the custody of
his or her parent, guardian, custodian, or relative.
Here, the record refutes Dale’s argument, because a tempo-
rary custody was issued within 48 hours. On January 8, 2021,
at approximately 3:30 p.m., Gragert placed Xandria into pro-
tective custody and delivered her to the custody of DHHS. On
January 9, at approximately noon, a Platte County judge signed
a temporary ex parte placement order and emailed it to Gragert,
DHHS personnel, and a deputy Platte County attorney.
Moreover, Dale’s argument is inapposite to our jurispru-
dence. In In re Interest of R.G., 18 we held the State’s fail-
ure to comply with the statutory requirements relating to
the entry of an ex parte temporary detention order does not
deprive the juvenile court of jurisdiction. Additionally, in In re
18
See In re Interest of R.G., 238 Neb. 405, 470 N.W.2d 780 (1991),
disapproved on other grounds, O’Connor v. Kaufman, 255 Neb. 120, 582
N.W.2d 350 (1998).
- 602 -
Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
311 Nebraska Reports
IN RE INTEREST OF XANDRIA P.
Cite as 311 Neb. 591Interest of S.S.L., 19 we held that in the absence of direct statu-
tory language to the contrary, failure to comply with the time
limits imposed by § 43-250 did not mean that the juvenile
court failed to acquire, or somehow lost, jurisdiction of the
matter. As such, this assignment of error is without merit.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated herein, we affirm.
Affirmed.
19
See In re Interest of S.S.L., 219 Neb. 911, 367 N.W.2d 710 (1985).