Ballard v. Purcell ( 1865 )

Chief Justice Lewis

rendered the principal opinion in this case,

in which Bbosnan, J., concurred; Beatty, J., rendered a separate opinion.

This is an appeal from an order of the District Court for the County of Storey, setting aside a judgment entered by default against the defendants Driscoll and Gage.

The order from which this appeal was taken, was made in the same term in which judgment was entered.

Defendants’ counsel relies entirely upon the point that no appeal can be taken from an order of this character. The record shows that judgment was entered against the defendants Driscoll and Gage, and that upon the next day after the entry thereof, the defendants, by their counsel, moved to set the same aside, which was done.

Section 285 of the Practice Act provides that “ an appeal may be taken to the Supreme Court from the District Courts in certain cases, among others from ‘ any special order made after final judgment.’ ” The appeal in this case is taken from such an order, and cannot therefore be dismissed.

It is also urged upon the argument of this case that judgment by default cannot be rendered in an action of this character where unliquidated damages are Claimed, but that a jury-should have been called to assess the same. This was unquestionably the common law rule, but section 150 of the Practice Act seems to ignore it entirely.

It provides the maimer of entering judgment by default in two different classes of actions. First, where the action is on contract for the recovery of money or damages only, and there is a failure to answer, it is made the duty of tire Clerk to enter the default, and immediately thereafter to enter a judgment; in the second class of actions, default is entered in the same maimer, but it is. made the duty of the plaintiff to apply to the Court for the relief demanded in his complaint; and it is also provided that “ if the taking of an account, or proof of any fact be necessary to enable the Court to give judgment, the Court may take the account, or hear the proof, or may, in its discretion, order a reference for that purpose.”

Here the power is clearly given to the Court either to hear the proof itself, or order a reference in ail this class of actions; and the following clause of the section, “ and where the action is for the recovery of damages in whole or in part, the Court may order the damages to be assessed by a jury,” is merely directory, leaving it discretionary with the Judge to pursue that course or to find the facts himself, or order a reference for that purpose. Some one of these modes must, however, be followed; judgment by default cannot be entered in the class of cases mentioned in the second subdivision of section 150. The decisions in New York upon this question are contradictory and unsatisfactory, but the view which we take of it seems to be the only one authorized by the language of the Practice Act. Indeed no other construction can well be placed upon the 150th section. It seems clearly to authorize the Court below, in its discretion, either to hear the proof itself, find the •facts and render judgment thereon, or to call a jury to assess the damages, or to order a reference to ascertain the facts.

In this case nothing of the kind seems to have been done, but judgment by default entered without proof or any findings of fact. It was error, therefore, to enter judgment in that manner.

There is a further reason why the puling of the Court below should be sustained. During tlie term in which a judgment is rendered tbe Court has complete control of it, and upon a proper showing may unquestionably set it aside. Acting upon the rule that all the proceedings of a Court of Record are presumed to be regular, in this case we must presume that a proper showing was made to authorize the order of the Court. There is nothing in the record showing the grounds upon which the order was made, but only that the “ Court, being sufficiently advised,” ordered the judgment to be set aside.

The order of the Court below is therefore affirmed.