STATE OF NEW JERSEY VS. H.H. (16-04-1062, CAMDEN COUNTY AND STATEWIDE) (RECORD IMPOUNDED) ( 2018 )


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  •                                       RECORD IMPOUNDED
    NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
    APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
    This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
    internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
    SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
    APPELLATE DIVISION
    DOCKET NO. A-4208-16T4
    STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
    Plaintiff-Respondent,
    v.
    H.H.,
    Defendant-Appellant.
    ___________________________
    Submitted October 2, 2018 – Decided October 24, 2018
    Before Judges Suter and Firko.
    On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
    Division, Camden County, Indictment No. 16-04-1062.
    Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
    appellant (Laura B. Lasota, Assistant Deputy Public
    Defender, of counsel and on the brief).
    Mary Eva Colalillo, Camden County Prosecutor,
    attorney for respondent (Kevin J. Hein, Assistant
    Prosecutor, of counsel and on the brief).
    PER CURIAM
    Following a jury trial, defendant H.H. 1 was found guilty of third-degree
    aggravated criminal sexual contact, N.J.S.A. 2C:14-3(a), and three counts of
    second-degree endangering the welfare of a child, N.J.S.A. 2C:24-4(a),
    committed against M.W. when she was between the ages of thirteen and sixteen.
    On April 7, 2017, defendant was sentenced on count one to four years of
    imprisonment, on count two to a six-year term, on counts three and four to
    concurrent five-year terms, all to run concurrently with count one, for an
    aggregate six-year term. In addition, defendant was ordered to register as a sex
    offender under Megan's law; parole supervision for life; and a sex offender
    restraining order was issued pursuant to Nicole's law.          Also, mandatory
    assessments, penalties, and a Sex Crime Victim Treatment Fund Penalty of
    $2,000 were imposed.
    On appeal, defendant presents the following arguments:
    POINT I:
    THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ADMITTING
    FRESH[-]COMPLAINT TESTIMONY FROM TWO
    WITNESSES BECAUSE THE COMPLAINT BY
    M.W. WAS NOT TIMELY MADE TO THOSE
    WITNESSES, AND BECAUSE THE EVIDENCE
    ADMITTED ABOUT THE COMPLAINT WAS
    CUMULATIVE. (Not Raised Below)
    1
    We use initials to protect the privacy of the victim, who is related by marriage
    to defendant.
    A-4208-16T4
    2
    POINT II:
    THE COURT FAILED TO CHARGE THE JURY IN
    RELATION TO DEFENDANT'S STATEMENT TO
    POLICE AND THE REMAINDER OF THE CHARGE
    THAT WAS GIVEN WAS INSUFFICIENT TO
    ADVISE THE JURY OF THE NEED TO
    CRITICALLY AND EFFECTIVELY EVALUATE
    HIS STATEMENT IN LIGHT OF THE REALITY
    THAT JURORS HAVE GREAT DIFFICULTY
    DISTINGUISHING        BETWEEN         FALSE
    CONFESSIONS AND TRUE CONFESSIONS. U.S.
    CONST. AMEND VI; N.J. CONST. ART. I, PAR. 10
    (Not Raised Below)
    POINT III:
    THE SENTENCE IMPOSED IS MANIFESTLY
    EXCESSIVE AND MUST BE REDUCED.
    A.   The Sentence Imposed.
    B.   The Sentencing Court Engaged in Erroneous
    Double Counting When It Applied Aggravating
    Factor ([Two]).
    C.   The Remaining Applicable Aggravating [a]nd
    Mitigating Factors Supported Imposition of
    Minimum Concurrent Sentences.
    D.   The Aggravated Criminal Sexual Contact
    Conviction Should Be Merged [i]nto Defendant's
    Conviction for Endangering The Welfare of [a]
    Child Which Was Based [o]n [t]he Same
    Conduct.
    A-4208-16T4
    3
    E.    The Sentencing Court Erred When It Imposed [a]
    $2,000 Sex Crime Victim Treatment Fund
    Penalty Without Considering Defendant's Ability
    [t]o Pay.
    We reject these arguments and affirm defendant's conviction. However,
    we remand the matter to amend the judgment of conviction to merge defendant's
    conviction for aggravated criminal sexual contact (count one) with his
    conviction for endangering the welfare of a child (count two) because both were
    based on the same conduct.2
    I.
    The following facts are derived from the trial record. When M.W. was
    thirteen-years old, she was residing with her mother, defendant, who is her step-
    father, and younger brother in Camden. M.W. described her relationship with
    defendant for the two years prior as "fine" but "[not] perfect." In the Fall of
    2011, after arriving home from church without his wife, defendant invited M.W.
    to watch television alone with him in his bedroom. He sat next to her on the
    floor and rubbed her back, gradually progressing down to her buttocks. She
    tried to move away from him but he persisted in this behavior. M.W. testified
    that this made her feel "uncomfortable." The next morning, she refrained from
    2
    Both parties agree to this amendment. The aggregate term of defendant's
    sentence shall remain six years with no period of mandated parole ineligibility.
    A-4208-16T4
    4
    telling her mother about the incident because M.W. thought her mother would
    not believe her. M.W. testified that, thereafter, defendant started to act more
    forcefully by seizing her, hugging her, and grabbing her buttocks. She wa s
    afraid to report his behavior to anyone, including her mother, brother, or
    biological father, from whom she was estranged, because M.W. thought no one
    would believe her.
    M.W. specifically recalled an incident when she was fourteen-years old
    when defendant asked her "if [she] ever experienced an orgasm?"            She
    responded, "no," and walked away from him.
    While still fourteen, M.W. recalled being alone with defendant in his car
    in a supermarket parking lot while her mother was shopping. Defendant asked
    M.W. if she liked it when he touched "[her]" and she said "no."
    On another occasion, defendant confronted and interrogated M.W. about
    sexually provocative text messages he surreptitiously found on her phone. He
    badgered her about communicating with strangers, and asked her if she ever
    engaged in sexual activity. Defendant alarmed M.W when he told her "that he
    wanted to . . . lick [her] down there[,]" leaving her in shock.
    Eventually at age sixteen, M.W. decided to confide in her pastor, D.T.,
    about the recent incident. M.W. told D.T. that she "felt uncomfortable at home.
    A-4208-16T4
    5
    She wanted to leave home and she felt that some things were inappropriate."
    D.T. and her husband, J.T., who is also a pastor, served at Gatekeepers
    Fellowship Church, where M.W. was a student and attended religious services.
    Based upon her trust in D.T., a meeting was convened with M.W., her mother,
    defendant, and both pastors, to discuss the allegations.
    At the meeting, defendant denied the allegations, and the attendees were
    given "strict instructions" by the pastors to preserve confidentiality. They did
    not notify authorities or take any action. M.W.'s mother did not do anything
    either.
    Out of frustration, at age seventeen, M.W. left home and moved in with
    her father to escape defendant. She decided to inform an aunt ("M.S.") about
    her experiences with defendant and the meeting. After M.W.'s father was told
    about this history by M.W. and M.S., law enforcement was alerted.
    Detective Timothy Houck of the Camden County Prosecutor's Office
    Special Victims Unit handled this case. He conducted a forensic interview of
    M.W., her mother, and M.S. An interview was conducted of defendant at the
    Prosecutor's office. He was advised of his Miranda3 rights orally and in writing,
    waived them, and gave a recorded statement.         In response to questioning,
    3
    Miranda v. Arizona, 
    384 U.S. 436
    (1966).
    A-4208-16T4
    6
    defendant admitted to massaging M.W. on "the back of her legs and the front of
    her legs" after she ostensibly complained of pain after exercising. He also
    admitted to asking her if she ever had an orgasm, but denied asking to lick her
    vagina. Shortly thereafter, he recanted and answered "yes" when asked if he
    ever told M.W. he wanted to "eat her out." He concluded that his hand slipped
    to her butt during a hug, and that he engaged in all of this conduct because he
    found her attractive, resembling her mother, and wanted "to see her [M.W.'s]
    reaction."   He blamed himself and M.W., rationalizing that "she always
    approach[ed] him."
    II.
    Defendant first argues that the "fresh-complaint" testimony of M.S. and
    D.T should have been barred because M.W.'s complaints were untimely made,
    she did not contend that she was fearful of defendant, or that she was
    embarrassed or coerced into silence. He further argues that the fresh-complaint
    testimony was cumulative, and "served only to make the jury believe that the
    State had a greater number of witnesses than the defense." We disagree.
    "On appellate review, '[c]onsiderable latitude is afforded' to the court's
    ruling, which is reversed 'only if it constitutes an abuse of discretion.'" State v.
    Cole, 
    229 N.J. 430
    , 449 (2017) (citations omitted). Evidentiary determinations
    A-4208-16T4
    7
    will be affirmed "absent a showing of an abuse of discretion. i.e., there has been
    a clear error of judgment."      State v. Nantambu, 
    221 N.J. 390
    , 402 (2015)
    (quoting State v. Harris, 
    209 N.J. 431
    , 439 (2012)).
    If no objection is raised before the trial court, we review for plain error
    and, "[a]ny error or omission shall be disregarded . . . unless it is of such a nature
    as to have been clearly capable of producing an unjust result . . . ." See R. 2:10-
    2.
    The fresh-complaint rule was established "to allow the State to meet in
    advance the negative inference which would be drawn from the absence of
    evidence that the [child] victim reported the [sexual abuse] to one to whom she
    would naturally turn for comfort and advice." State v. J.S., 
    222 N.J. Super. 247
    ,
    256 (App. Div. 1988) (citation omitted). Our Supreme Court has described
    fresh-complaint evidence as follows:
    [T]o qualify as fresh[-]complaint, the victim's
    statements to someone she would ordinarily turn to for
    support must have been made within a reasonable time
    after the alleged assault and must have been
    spontaneous and voluntary. At trial, fresh-complaint
    evidence serves a narrow purpose. It allows the State
    to negate the inference that the victim was not sexually
    assaulted because of her silence. Only the fact of the
    complaint, not the details, is admissible. In addition,
    the victim must be a witness in order for the State to
    introduce fresh-complaint evidence.
    A-4208-16T4
    8
    [State v. Hill, 
    121 N.J. 150
    , 163 (1990) (citations
    omitted); see also State v. R.K., 
    220 N.J. 444
    , 455
    (2015).]
    Fresh-complaints may also be admissible when "made in response to
    general, or non-coercive questioning[,]" with greater latitude shown in cases
    dealing with young children. 
    Hill, 121 N.J. at 167
    . It is left to the trial court
    "to examine all the circumstances of the questioning to determine whether the
    line between coercive and benign questioning has been crossed." 
    Id. at 170.
    Similarly, "the trial court in its discretion may, but need not, exclude cumulative
    fresh-complaint testimony that is prejudicial to defendant." 
    Ibid. Although fresh-complaint evidence
    serves a narrow purpose, and should
    not be considered as substantive evidence of guilt or as bolstering the credibility
    of the victim, 
    R.K., 220 N.J. at 456
    (citing State v. Bethune, 
    121 N.J. 137
    , 147-
    48 (1990)), a review of the record reveals that the judge did not indicate that
    M.W.'s testimony was substantive evidence of defendant's abuse. Rather, the
    judge properly determined, given M.W.'s young age when the abuse commenced
    and the inaction of the adults who participated in the church meeting, that there
    was justifiable cause in permitting the fresh-complaint testimony, which was
    succinct and limited to M.W.'s reporting of abuse only. It was not until M.W.
    moved out of the home she shared with defendant, her mother, and brother, that
    A-4208-16T4
    9
    she confided in M.S. about the abuse, who treated M.W. "like [her] second
    daughter." The record reflects that the fresh-complaint witnesses testified as to
    the fact of M.W's complaints in terms of reporting and not substance. An
    appropriate limiting instruction and jury charge at the conclusion of trial was
    given by the judge. We are unpersuaded by defendant's contention that the judge
    erred by admitting this testimony. The limiting instruction was sufficient to
    dispel any reasonable claim of prejudice. See State v. Vallejo, 
    198 N.J. 122
    ,
    129 (2009). We have no reason to believe the jurors did not follow the court's
    instructions. See Verdicchio v. Ricca, 
    179 N.J. 1
    , 36 (2004). Accordingly, there
    was no error warranting reversal.
    III.
    Defendant next argues that the judge improvidently utilized Model Jury
    Charges on "Credibility of Witnesses" and the "Redacted Recorded Statement
    of Defendant" for the first time on appeal. No objection or tailored jury charges
    were proffered to the judge by defendant. The judge instructed the jury as
    follows:
    As the judges of the facts, you are to determine the
    credibility of the witnesses and in determining whether
    a witness is worthy of belief and therefore credible, you
    may take into consideration the appearance and
    demeanor of the witness; the manner in which he or she
    may have testified; the witness' interest in the outcome
    A-4208-16T4
    10
    of the trial, if any; his or her means of obtaining
    knowledge of the facts; the witness' power of
    discernment, meaning his or her judgment or
    understanding; his or her ability to reason, observe,
    recollect, and relate; the possible bias if any in favor of
    the side for whom the witness testified; the extent to
    which if at all each witness is either corroborated or
    contradicted, supported or discredited by other
    evidence; whether the witness testified with an intent to
    deceive you; the reasonableness or unreasonableness of
    the testimony the witness has given; whether the
    witness made any inconsistent or contradictory
    statement; and any and all other matters in the evidence
    which serve to support or discredit his or her testimony.
    Through this analysis as the judges of the facts, you
    weigh the testimony of each witness and then determine
    the weight to give to it. Through that process you may
    accept all of it, a portion of it, or none of it.
    ....
    There is for your consideration in this case, a recorded
    statement allegedly made by the defendant. It is your
    function to determine whether or not the statement was
    actually made by the defendant and if made, whether
    the statement or any portion of it is credible. You may
    consider all the circumstances surrounding the
    statement in making that determination with the
    following caution. I instruct you that in this case
    certain portions of the recorded statement have not been
    provided to you. You may only consider those portions
    of the statement which have been admitted in evidence
    and must not speculate as to the contents of the
    omission or the reason or reasons for the omission.
    A-4208-16T4
    11
    Defendant argues that the jury charge should have included a novel
    instruction warning them about the alleged inherent danger of confession
    evidence. In his brief, he cites social science articles about false confessions
    and DNA evidence, and contends now on appeal that the judge should have
    considered and incorporated same. Defendant's argument lacks merit and we
    are not persuaded that the judge's use of Model Jury Charges was prejudicial or
    insufficient.
    We note that, "'[i]t is difficult to overstate the importance of jury
    instructions' as '[a]ppropriate and proper charges are essential for a fair trial.'"
    State v. Scharf, 
    225 N.J. 547
    , 581 (2016) (citations omitted). The judge has an
    "independent duty . . . to ensure that the jurors receive accurate instructions on
    the law as it pertains to the facts and issues of each case . . . ." State v. Reddish,
    
    181 N.J. 553
    , 613 (2004). The plain error standard of Rule 2:10-2 applies to our
    review of the charge, and we must assure that any deficiency or defect in the
    charge was not apt to have been consequential. The judge properly "guide[d]
    the jury in the course [of] its deliberation" here. See State v. Jackmon, 305 N.J.
    Super. 274, 290 (App. Div. 1997). We find no error as to the jury charge and
    the verdict must stand.
    A-4208-16T4
    12
    IV.
    Defendant's final point on appeal is that his sentence is manifestly
    excessive. As our Supreme Court has recently reaffirmed, "'when [trial judges]
    exercise discretion in accordance with the principles set forth in the Code [of
    Criminal Justice] and defined by [the Court] . . . , they need fear no second-
    guessing.'" State v. Bieniek, 
    200 N.J. 601
    , 607-08 (2010) (quoting State v.
    Ghertler, 
    114 N.J. 383
    , 384-85 (1989)). Once the trial court has balanced the
    aggravating and mitigating factors set forth in the statute, N.J.S.A. 2C:44 -1(a)
    and -1(b), it "may impose a term within the permissible range for the offense."
    
    Id. at 608.
    In arriving at the sentence, the judge found aggravating factors two, three,
    and nine applied. See N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(a). Addressing factor two, the gravity
    and seriousness of the harm inflicted on the victim, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(a)(2), the
    judge found M.W. was particularly vulnerable and incapable of resistance due
    to her extreme youth. Addressing factor three, the risk of re-offense, N.J.S.A.
    2C:44-1(a)(3), the judge found the familial relationship and escalation of the
    miscreant conduct over the years by defendant upon M.W. was justified. Under
    factor nine, the need for deterrence, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(a)(9), the judge observed
    that there was a strong need to deter defendant and others from violating the
    A-4208-16T4
    13
    law, clearly stating he was not "double counting."           The judge found no
    mitigating factors applied in this case, and duly considered that "defendant h as
    not - - had prior contact with the court system . . . ." 4
    On the whole, we detect no reason to disturb the trial judge's sentencing
    analysis, and will not "second-guess" his discretionary assessments.           See
    
    Bieniek, 200 N.J. at 608
    . The sentence imposed, a "flat sentence" of six years,
    which was below the presumptive mid-range sentence for a single second-degree
    conviction, see N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(d) and 1(f)(1)(c), was well supported by the
    record, the presentence report, and the other relevant considerations weighed by
    the trial judge.
    We have fully considered the balance of the arguments raised by
    defendant, and are satisfied that those arguments lack sufficient merit to warrant
    discussion in this written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(2).
    Affirmed as to defendant's convictions, and remanded for sentencing
    consistent with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.
    4
    Defendant had one municipal court conviction in 2004 which had no bearing
    on his sentence.
    A-4208-16T4
    14