ANGELINA DEL CARMEN VS. MARY ELLEN YORIO (L-1929-17, BERGEN COUNTY AND STATEWIDE) ( 2020 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-2236-18T3
ANGELINA DEL CARMEN,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
MARY ELLEN YORIO and
ANTHONY YORIO,
Defendants-Respondents,
and
DARREN NELSON,
Defendant.
___________________________
Submitted December 16, 2019 – Decided January 13, 2020
Before Judges Messano and Vernoia.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Bergen County, Docket No. L-1929-17.
Law Office of Yuriy Prakhin, PC, attorneys for
appellant (Nicolas M. Serlin, on the briefs).
Kirmser, Lamastra, Cunningham & Skinner, attorneys
for respondents (Peter Kendrick Barber, of counsel and
on the brief).
PER CURIAM
While a passenger on an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) driven by Darren
Nelson and owned by defendants Mary Ellen Yorio and Anthony Yorio, plaintiff
Angelina Del Carmen suffered injuries when the ATV rolled onto its side.
Plaintiff appeals from an order granting summary judgment dismissing her
negligence claim against defendants based on the court's determination there is
no evidence defendants granted Nelson express or implied permission to operate
the ATV. Having reviewed the summary judgment record under the applicable
legal principles, we affirm.
I.
In our review of an order granting summary judgment, we apply the same
standard as the trial court. State v. Perini Corp., 221 N.J. 412, 425 (2015). We
"view the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, which in
this case is plaintiff." Bauer v. Nesbitt, 198 N.J. 601, 605 n.1 (2009). The facts,
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drawn from the parties' respective Rule 4:46-2 statements of material facts and
viewed in the light most favorable to plaintiff, can be summarized as follows. 1
Defendants reside in Bergen County and own a home in Pennsylvania.
They gave their nephew, Frank Buettel, permission to stay at their Pennsylvania
home with his girlfriend and another couple during the December 2016 New
Year's Eve weekend. Without defendants' knowledge or permission, Buettel
invited nine friends, including Nelson and plaintiff, to the property. Defendants
were not present during the weekend Buettel used their home, and they do not
know Nelson or plaintiff.
In March 2016, defendants purchased an ATV for their special needs son
and did not want anyone else to use it because it was new. They stored the ATV
in a windowless garage on their Pennsylvania property and hid the keys to the
garage and ATV in a box on the top shelf of their bedroom in their home on the
property. The locked garage in which defendants stored the ATV is "a couple
1
We limit our findings of the undisputed facts to those presented in the
statements of material facts submitted to the court in accordance with Rule 4:46-
2(a) and (b), and do not consider or rely on information, evidence, or purported
facts that were not presented to the motion court in accordance with the Rule.
See Kenney v. Meadowview Nursing & Convalescent Ctr., 308 N.J. Super. 565,
573 (App. Div. 1998) (refusing to consider "factual assertions in [the] appeal
that were not properly included in the motion . . . for summary judgment below"
pursuant to Rule 4:46-2).
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of hundred yards" from the home. Defendants did not inform Buettel where the
keys to the ATV were located and did not give him permission to use the ATV.
In some unknown manner, Buettel opened the garage where the ATV was
stored and allowed his guests to use it. 2 Defendants did not expressly authorize
Buettel to enter the garage, operate the ATV, or allow others to do so. Plaintiff
testified she observed Buettel open the garage and use keys to operate the ATV.
Following the accident, Mary Ellen Yorio went to the property and observed
"axe marks on the door by the locks getting into the garage." She also observed
that the ATV was broken, damaged, and would not start.
Following the accident, plaintiff filed a single count complaint alleging
that her injuries were caused by Nelson's negligent operation of the ATV, and
that defendants were liable because Nelson operated the ATV with their
knowledge and consent. Nelson did not participate in the trial court
proceedings, and the complaint was dismissed as to him. Defendants filed an
answer to the complaint denying liability for Nelson's alleged negligent
operation of the ATV.
2
None of the parties deposed Buettel, and the record does not include an
affidavit or certification from Buettel.
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Following the completion of discovery, defendants moved for summary
judgment, arguing they were not liable for plaintiff's injuries because the ATV
was used without their authority or consent. In support of their motion,
defendants presented a statement of material facts, supported by their deposition
testimony and plaintiff's answers to interrogatories and deposition testimony.
Plaintiff did not directly respond to defendants' statement of material facts, and
did not directly dispute defendants' factual assertions. 3 Instead, plaintiff
submitted a separate statement of material facts supported by the parties'
deposition testimony and her answers to interrogatories.
In a decision from the bench following oral argument, the court applied
Pennsylvania substantive law and noted "the only basis on which [defendants]
could be held liable is if" the ATV was used "with their permission." The court
observed "defendants . . . put forth affirmative proof that they did not give
permission and . . . plaintiff is unable to rebut that," and it determined the only
proof plaintiff offered that defendants gave permission was plaintiff's testimony
she "saw them driving with keys and she saw [Buettel] open the [garage] door."
3
Plaintiff submitted a statement of material facts in opposition to defendants'
motions, but she did not directly address or refute, as required by Rule 4:46-
2(b), the "material facts" included in defendants' statement of uncontested
material facts.
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The court noted defendants acted to prevent the use of the ATV by anyone
other than their special needs son for whom the ATV was purchased.
Defendants moved the ATV to a locked garage several hundred yards from the
home on the property. The court found those undisputed facts were not
"overcome by merely plaintiff's . . . speculat[ion] that [defendants] must have
given [Buettel] permission . . . simply because [Buettel] got into the shed." The
court entered an order granting defendants summary judgment, and this appeal
followed.
II.
We review a trial court's grant of summary judgment de novo. Cypress
Point Condo. Ass'n v. Adria Towers, LLC, 226 N.J. 403, 414 (2016). Summary
judgment is appropriate where there is no genuine issue of material fact and the
moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. R. 4:46-2(c). The trial
court cannot decide issues of fact but must decide only whether there are any
issues of fact. Brill v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 142 N.J. 520, 540 (1995).
We must "consider whether the competent evidential materials presented, when
viewed in the light most favorable to the non-moving party in consideration of
the applicable evidentiary standard, are sufficient to permit a rational factfinder
to resolve the alleged disputed issue in favor of the non-moving party." Id. at
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523. We review issues of law de novo. Kaye v. Rosefielde, 223 N.J. 218, 229
(2015).
The party opposing summary judgment "must do more than simply show
that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts." Triffin v. Am.
Int'l Group, Inc., 372 N.J. Super. 517, 523-24 (App. Div. 2004) (quoting Big
Apple BMW, Inc. v. BMW of N. Am., Inc., 974 F.2d 1358, 1363 (3d Cir. 1992)).
Indeed, "an opposing party who offers no substantial or material facts in
opposition to the motion cannot complain if the court takes as true the
uncontradicted facts in the movant's papers." Baran v. Clouse Trucking, Inc.,
225 N.J. Super. 230, 234 (App. Div. 1988). "Competent opposition requires
'competent evidential material' beyond mere 'speculation' and 'fanciful
arguments.'" Hoffman v. Asseenontv.com, Inc., 404 N.J. Super. 415, 426 (App.
Div. 2009) (quoting Merchs. Express Money Order Co. v. Sun Nat'l Bank, 374
N.J. Super. 556, 563 (App. Div. 2005)).
Here, it is undisputed the accident occurred in Pennsylvania, and the
motion court correctly determined that Pennsylvania's substantive law applies.
See generally P.V. ex rel. T.V. v. Camp Jaycee, 197 N.J. 132, 140-41 (2008)
(noting "[t]he rights and liabilities of the parties with respect to an issue in tort
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are determined by the local law of the state which, with respect to that issue, has
the most significant relationship to the occurrence and the parties").
Under Pennsylvania law, when an ATV is operated with the owner's
permission, the owner is liable for injuries caused by the ATV operator's
negligence. More particularly, 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 7729(a) provides:
Negligence in the use or operation of a snowmobile or
an ATV is attributable to the owner. Every owner of a
snowmobile or an ATV used or operated in this
Commonwealth shall be liable and responsible for
death or injury to person or damage to property
resulting from negligence in the use or operation of
such snowmobile or ATV by any person using or
operating the snowmobile or ATV with the permission,
express or implied, of such owner.
[Emphasis added].
The legal issue presented by defendants' summary judgment motion is
whether defendants presented evidence establishing that, as a matter of
undisputed fact, Nelson did not operate the ATV with their express or implied
permission. The motion court found the evidence established as a matter of
undisputed fact that defendants did not provide such permission. Based on our
review of the motion record, we agree.
Defendants' unrefuted statement of material facts asserts they did not
provide Buettel, Nelson, or anyone else with permission to use the ATV. The
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assertion is supported by citation to defendants' deposition testimony. See R.
4:46-2(a) (requiring that statements of facts supporting a summary judgment
motion shall be supported by "citation to the portion of the motion record
establishing the fact or demonstrating that it is uncontroverted"). Plaintiff did
not dispute the assertion directly as required by Rule 4:46-2(b). Indeed, she
failed to "file a responding statement either admitting or disputing each of the
facts in . . . [defendants'] statement." R. 4:46-2(b). Moreover, plaintiff's
statement of material facts does not assert defendants gave permission to anyone
to use the ATV and is bereft of any evidence defendants provided permission
for anyone's use of the ATV. See ibid. (requiring that a statement of material
facts submitted by a party opposing a summary judgment motion shall be
supported by "citations to the motion record"). Thus, the undisputed facts before
the motion court established defendants did not provide Buettel, Nelson, or
anyone else permission to use or operate the ATV. See ibid. (providing that a
moving party's statement of material facts submitted in accordance with R. 4:46-
2(a) "will be deemed admitted . . . unless specifically disputed by citation
conforming to the requirements of [the Rule] demonstrating the existence of a
genuine issue as to the fact").
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Despite the absence of any affirmative evidence defendants gave anyone
permission to operate the ATV and defendants' unrefuted assertions they took
steps to prevent anyone's use of the ATV, plaintiff argues there is a genuine
issue of material fact as to whether such permission was either expressly or
implicitly granted. Plaintiff claims the evidence showing Buettel gained access
to the locked garage and Nelson operated the ATV with keys creates an
inference defendants granted permission for their use of the ATV. Plaintiff's
claim ignores defendants' factual assertions—that plaintiff opted not to refute as
required by Rule 4:46-2(b)—establishing they did not give anyone permission
to operate the ATV and they hid the keys to prevent its use by anyone. Plaintiff's
claim is untethered to any record evidence contradicting defendants' assertions,
is founded on nothing more than speculation, and does not support a finding
there is a genuine issue of material fact as to whether defendants granted
permission to use the ATV. See Hoffman, 404 N.J. Super. at 426.
Plaintiff's statement of material facts establishes Buettel gained access to
the ATV and Nelson operated it, but it does establish the permission essential to
their claim. Plaintiff's statement also does not raise a genuine issue of material
fact as to whether defendants granted Buettel or Nelson permission to use the
ATV. Again, defendants' statement of material facts establishes defendants did
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not grant permission to use the ATV, and that they took affirmative steps to
prevent its use by locking the ATV in a remote garage and secreting the keys to
the garage and ATV in a box in their bedroom closet. Those facts, which
plaintiff did not dispute in accordance with Rule 4:46-2, do not permit a
reasonable factfinder to conclude defendants granted express or implied consent
to use the ATV. The court correctly determined that there were no genuine
issues of material fact, and that defendants were entitled to judgment as a matter
of law under 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 7729(a). Liability under the statute is
contingent upon the owner having granted permission to use an ATV, and the
undisputed facts establish no permission was granted.
We are not persuaded by plaintiff's reliance on a series of Pennsylvania
cases applying, in a variety of contexts, a presumption that automobile owners
are liable for the negligent operation of their vehicles by others. See Provident
Tradesmens Bank & Tr. Co. v. Lumbermens Mut. Cas. Co., 218 F. Supp. 802,
804 (E.D.Pa. 1963) (finding a presumption under Pennsylvania law that the
operator of an automobile does so with the owner's permission in the absence of
credible testimony rebutting the presumption); Exner v. Safeco Ins. Co., 402 Pa.
473, 477 (Pa. 1961) (determining that when a plaintiff proves ownership of an
automobile by one party and its operation by a second party, there is a
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presumption the owner has granted permission to the operator that may be
overcome by evidence rebutting the presumption); Commw. v. DeSanzo, 40 Pa.
D. & C.2d 157, 159 (Pa. C.P. 1966) ("where it is shown that a person other than
the operator is the owner of an automobile, a presumption arises that the operator
was driving the vehicle with permission of the owner; that if the owner fails to
introduce credible evidence negating such permission, then the issue is decided
against him as a matter of law").
None of the cases interprets 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 7729(a), which the parties
agree is applicable here. By its plain and unambiguous language, the statute
imposes liability on an ATV owner for the negligent operation of an ATV only
when it is operated with the owner's express or implied permission. The only
issue presented to the motion court was whether there was a genuine issue of
material fact as to whether such permission was given. It found, and we agree,
that even giving plaintiff the benefit of all reasonable inferences, the undisputed
facts establish that no such permission was given by defendants, and that, as a
result, they were entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Affirmed.
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