DAVID WEINBERG VS. MARINA S. WEINBERG (FM-02-0582-12, BERGEN COUNTY AND STATEWIDE) ( 2020 )


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  •                                 NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
    APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
    This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
    internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
    SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
    APPELLATE DIVISION
    DOCKET NO. A-2613-18T4
    DAVID WEINBERG,
    Plaintiff-Appellant,
    v.
    MARINA S. WEINBERG,
    Defendant-Respondent.
    _________________________
    Submitted January 30, 2020 – Decided February 26, 2020
    Before Judges Suter and DeAlmeida.
    On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
    Chancery Division, Family Part, Bergen County,
    Docket No. FM-02-0582-12.
    Louis J. Lamatina, attorney for appellant.
    Respondent has not filed a brief.
    PER CURIAM
    Plaintiff David Weinberg appeals the January 11, 2019 order granting
    defendant Marina Weinberg's motion to enforce plaintiff's obligation to pay
    alimony and arrears, and denying his cross-motion to terminate payments. We
    affirm.
    I.
    Plaintiff and defendant were divorced on December 8, 2011, after sixteen
    years of marriage and one child.      Their property settlement and support
    agreement (PSA) was incorporated into their final judgment of divorce.
    Relevant to the issues on appeal, plaintiff agreed in the PSA to pay limited
    duration alimony of $836 per week for eleven years starting in December 2011
    and ending in November 2022. Unless "modified or eliminated," defendant
    waived the right to further alimony. The PSA provided if defendant were to
    cohabit with an unrelated person or if she were to remarry, alimony would stop.
    In 2017, plaintiff claimed that financial circumstances had changed and
    filed a motion to terminate alimony. The parties reached an agreement on June
    28, 2017, and the court entered a Consent Order that modified the PSA's alimony
    provisions. Under the Consent Order, plaintiff paid alimony of $1811 per month
    effective June 1, 2017, and defendant agreed not to "seek or attempt to obtain
    any sums in excess of those sums specified." Both parties also agreed to:
    waive their ability to modify alimony, . . . and this
    waiver shall be final and not subject to review. This is
    because the parties have considered various foreseeable
    A-2613-18T4
    2
    events occurring to either or both of them, including but
    not limited to the following:
    ....
    11. Future divorce, remarriage or cohabitation.
    They agreed not to modify alimony based on "[i]ncreases, decreases or
    elimination of income[;]" loss of employment, bankruptcy, retirement, illness,
    disability or incapacity of any kind whether partial or total; "[t]he availability
    . . . of any retirement asset[s]" or "[r]emote or unforeseeable circumstances,
    whether significant or not, the possibility of which is explicitly recognized and
    waived."
    Plaintiff admits he stopped paying alimony in October 2018, after he
    learned defendant remarried, claiming—based on the 2011 PSA—that it
    expressly provided for termination upon remarriage, and also based on N.J.S.A.
    2A:34-25, which provides alimony "shall" terminate upon remarriage. Shortly
    after this, defendant filed a motion to enforce litigant's rights and to hold
    plaintiff in contempt for stopping alimony payments. Plaintiff filed a cross-
    motion to confirm he "properly ceased paying alimony . . . upon [defendant's]
    remarriage," requesting reimbursement of any alimony payments after July
    A-2613-18T4
    3
    2018, when he alleged defendant began cohabiting with her current husband.1
    Although plaintiff agreed the alimony amount could not be modified, he argued
    he never agreed alimony could not be terminated.
    On January 11, 2019, the trial court granted defendant's motion to enforce
    litigant's rights and denied plaintiff's cross-motion to terminate alimony finding
    the Consent Order was "clear" and contained "no ambiguity." The trial court
    found "[b]oth parties waived their ability to modify alimony" and took into
    consideration the happening of "foreseeable events . . . including future divorce,
    remarriage or cohabitation." It concluded the Consent Order accounted for those
    circumstances. Plaintiff was ordered to pay alimony arrears of $6483.38 at $400
    per month.
    On appeal, plaintiff argues his obligation to pay alimony terminated under
    the prior PSA and under N.J.S.A. 2A:34-25 once defendant cohabited with and
    then remarried her current husband. He argues it is unfair and contrary to the
    public interest to enforce the anti-Lepis2 provisions in the Consent Order. In the
    alternative, plaintiff requests we remand the case and require a plenary hearing
    to determine the parties' intent when they entered into the Consent Order.
    1
    The cross-motion addressed other issues that are not raised on appeal.
    2
    Lepis v. Lepis, 
    83 N.J. 139
     (1980).
    A-2613-18T4
    4
    II.
    On appeal, we defer to the fact-finding of the Family Part court because
    of its "special jurisdiction and expertise in family matters[.]" Cesare v. Cesare,
    
    154 N.J. 394
    , 413 (1998). Fact-finding that is supported by substantial and
    credible evidence in the record is upheld. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs.
    v. L.L., 
    201 N.J. 210
    , 226 (2010). However, the trial court's interpretation of
    the law or its legal conclusions are reviewed de novo. See Manalapan Realty,
    L.P. v. Twp. Comm., 
    140 N.J. 366
    , 378 (1995).
    Plaintiff argues that in agreeing to the Consent Order, he did not agree to
    act contrary to New Jersey law or the parties' PSA. N.J.S.A. 2A:34-25 provides
    that "[i]f after the judgment of divorce . . . a former spouse shall remarry[,] . . .
    permanent and limited duration alimony shall terminate as of the date of
    remarriage . . . except that any arrearages that have accrued prior to the date of
    remarriage . . . shall not be vacated or annulled." The statute requires prompt
    notice of the remarriage to the former spouse who is paying permanent or limited
    duration alimony. 
    Ibid.
     Contrary to plaintiff's argument, however, this statute
    does not require termination of alimony in all circumstances where there is a
    remarriage.
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    In Ehrenworth v. Ehrenworth, 
    187 N.J. Super. 342
    , 343-44 (App. Div.
    1982), the plaintiff agreed to accept alimony payments, whether she remarried
    or not, but after twelve years, the payments would cease. We noted that N.J.S.A.
    2A:34-25, "was enacted in recognition of the strong public policy against
    enforcing support orders on behalf of remarried former [spouses]." 
    Id. at 347
    .
    However, where the parties agreed contrary to this, we saw "no reason in public
    policy why the agreement should not be enforced." 
    Id. at 349
    . In Ehrenworth,
    because the agreement was made in settlement of litigation, we concluded
    "public policy require[d] that this agreement be enforced." 
    Ibid.
     Thus, we
    affirmed an order that held N.J.S.A. 2A:34–25 did not preclude enforcement of
    an agreement to pay alimony after remarriage. 
    Id. at 347-50
    .
    In Morris v. Morris, 
    263 N.J. Super. 237
    , 238 (App. Div. 1993), the
    plaintiff agreed to "relinquish[] all marital assets to the [defendant]."
    Alimony—which was payable whether plaintiff remarried or cohabited—was
    payable monthly for a fixed amount and fixed term after which a single lump
    sum amount was to be paid by the defendant to the plaintiff. 
    Id. at 239
    . The
    parties agreed the settlement agreement was not modifiable for any reason
    except for defendant's physical disability. 
    Id. at 240
    . Defendant's financial
    circumstances deteriorated significantly, and he sought to terminate alimony
    A-2613-18T4
    6
    payments. 
    Id. at 240-241
    . We denied termination, noting "the parties can with
    full knowledge of all present and reasonably foreseeable future circumstances
    bargain for a fixed payment or establish the criteria for payment to the dependent
    spouse, irrespective of circumstances that in the usual case would give rise to
    Lepis modifications of their agreement." 
    Id. at 241
    . We concluded that while
    parties "cannot bargain away the court's equitable powers . . . . [They] can
    establish their own standards, and that these standards, where not unwarranted
    under the circumstances, will be enforced by the court irrespective of the need-
    based guidelines of Lepis, which are applied when there are no such standards."
    
    Id. at 245-46
    .
    We agree with the trial court the Consent Order was not ambiguous. The
    express reference to remarriage in the Consent Order is what is significant. The
    parties expressly agreed the alimony amount would be reduced significantly,
    and that alimony could not be modified, enumerating specific grounds that
    would preclude modification.       One of the reasons that will not permit
    modification is remarriage. It makes no sense to include a provision in the
    Consent Order that prohibits modification if the alimony-receiving spouse
    remarries, but that requires termination of the obligation under the same facts.
    There is no reason to mention remarriage at all, if alimony must terminate by
    A-2613-18T4
    7
    application of statute or if it terminated under the PSA.         In this context,
    "modification may include termination." Reese v. Weis, 
    430 N.J. Super. 552
    ,
    575 (App. Div. 2013) (citing Lepis, 
    83 N.J. at 151
    ).
    Plaintiff argues the anti-Lepis language should not be enforced because it
    is unfair and contrary to public policy. He also argues the payment of alimony
    is not needed because of defendant's 2016 bankruptcy discharge, sale of the
    marital home and remarriage. We held in Ehrenworth that public policy was not
    offended where the parties expressly agreed remarriage would not end alimony.
    
    187 N.J. Super. at 349
    . Rather, public policy required enforcement of the
    agreement because—just as here—the agreement was made to conclude
    litigation. In our case, the parties agreed to a reduction in alimony and then not
    to modify that amount for a host of expressly listed financial and non-financial
    reasons.   The Consent Order was a negotiated resolution of then pending
    motions. Thus, in this context, it is not relevant whether defendant sold the
    marital home, declared bankruptcy or has greater income than in 2011.
    Plaintiff argues there should be a plenary hearing by a different trial judge
    to ascertain the parties' intentions at the time when they signed the Consent
    Order, and also because he alleges there is a dispute about their current financial
    circumstances. However, a plenary hearing should be ordered "only where the
    A-2613-18T4
    8
    affidavits show that there is a genuine issue as to a material fact, and that the
    trial judge determines that a plenary hearing would be helpful[.]" Murphy v.
    Murphy, 
    313 N.J. Super. 575
    , 580 (App. Div. 1998) (quoting Shaw v. Shaw, 
    138 N.J. Super. 436
    , 440 (App. Div. 1976)). Here, no one disputes that defendant
    remarried, or that the Consent Order expressly referenced remarriage. The
    parties' financial circumstances are not relevant to the issue on appeal. There is
    no reason for a plenary hearing.
    Affirmed.
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