State v. Mirabal ( 2017 )

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. No. 36,287
5 FREDDIE MIRABAL,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BERNALILLO COUNTY
8 Alisa A. Hadfield, District Judge
9 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 for Appellee
12 Bennett J. Baur, Chief Public Defender
13 Kathleen T. Baldridge, Assistant Appellate Defender
14 Santa Fe, NM
15 for Appellant
16 MEMORANDUM OPINION
17 GARCIA, Judge.
1 {1} Defendant appeals from the district court’s judgment and sentence, entered after
2 a jury trial, convicting him for conspiracy to commit non-residential burglary.
3 Unpersuaded that Defendant’s docketing statement established error, we issued a
4 notice of proposed summary disposition, proposing to affirm. Defendant has filed a
5 memorandum in opposition to our notice. Having considered Defendant’s response,
6 we remain unpersuaded, and affirm.
7 {2} On appeal, Defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support his
8 conviction for conspiracy to commit non-residential burglary. We do not reiterate the
9 full analysis set forth in our notice; we respond only to the specific assertions made
10 in Defendant’s memorandum in opposition. Defendant’s response repeatedly claims
11 that there was no evidence that he knew the generator in his truck had been stolen or
12 how it was stolen, and there was no evidence that he had an agreement with Mr.
13 Milligan to take the generator. [MIO 1, 2-3, 6] We also understand Defendant’s
14 response to clarify that he told detectives that he drove Mr. Milligan to Mr. Milligan’s
15 apartment at the Rio Volcan Apartment Complex to retrieve some belongings and did
16 not participate at all in taking any city-owned property. [MIO 2]
17 {3} We note that there was no evidence presented that would support Defendant’s
18 claim that he drove Mr. Milligan to his apartment to retrieve Mr. Milligan’s
19 belongings. In fact, the State’s witness list indicates that it at least intended to call the
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1 maintenance supervisor and apartment manager of the Rio Volcan Apartment
2 Complex, where the generator was stolen and where Mr. Milligan claimed to have
3 resided. [RP 44] We presume the State’s witnesses did not support Defendant’s claim
4 that he was at Mr. Milligan’s apartment to retrieve Mr. Milligan’s belongings. [RP 44]
5 It appears to us that Defendant has not supplied this Court with a complete
6 understanding of the State’s evidence presented at trial. See State v. Talley, 1985-
7 NMCA-058, ¶ 23, 103 N.M. 33, 702 P.2d 353 (observing that the docketing statement
8 is intended to serve as a fair substitute for the complete record on the summary
9 calendar); Thornton v. Gamble, 1984-NMCA-093, ¶ 18, 101 N.M. 764, 688 P.2d 126810 (explaining that we construe the appellate rule governing the content of docketing
11 statements to include the requirement that the appellant provide all the facts that
12 support affirmance); State v. Chamberlain, 1989-NMCA-082, ¶ 11, 109 N.M. 173,
13 783 P.2d 483 (stating that where an appellant fails in the obligation under Rule 12-208
14 NMRA to provide us with a summary of all the facts material to consideration of the
15 issue raised on appeal, we cannot grant relief on the ground asserted).
16 {4} While we recognize that the jury is free to reject Defendant’s version of events
17 and that its disbelief thereof cannot substitute for affirmative proof of the State’s case,
18 see State v. Wynn, 2001-NMCA-020, ¶ 6, 130 N.M. 381, 24 P.3d 816, we believe the
19 State presented sufficient circumstantial evidence from which the jury could
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1 reasonably infer the existence of a conspiracy. See State v. Estrada, 2016-NMCA-066,
2 ¶ 39, 377 P.3d 476 (noting “that conspiracies may be (and often are) proven with
3 circumstantial evidence”). The State presented evidence that the city-owned generator
4 had a tracking device installed on it and that it had activated around 3:04 a.m. by a
5 triggering event. [DS 1; MIO 1] The docketing statement indicated that the State
6 presented evidence that APD officers were dispatched to the maintenance storeroom
7 where the generator was supposed to be and found the door to the storeroom ajar and
8 left unlocked, and the generator was missing. [DS 1] The docketing statement also
9 indicated that, at the same time that the Albuquerque Police Department (APD)
10 officers were dispatched, detectives were monitoring and following the signal of the
11 tracking device on the generator. [DS 2] The detectives tracked the generator’s signal
12 to an area, in which one of the detectives located the generator’s tracking device in a
13 green Dodge pickup truck that was beginning to park on the side of the road. [DS 2]
14 The detective discovered that the green Dodge pickup truck was driven by Defendant,
15 who had parked the pickup by his home, and began walking into his home with his
16 passenger, Mr. Milligan. [DS 2; MIO 1] The detective saw the missing generator in
17 plain view in the bed of the pickup. [DS 2; MIO 2] Detectives performed a search of
18 the pickup, pursuant to a warrant, and found a large dolly with yellow cargo straps,
19 air conditioning gauges, and a soldering kit in a black case, all in the bed of the pickup
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1 truck. [DS 2; MIO 2] Inside the cab of the pickup, detectives found a lock-pick set and
2 a set of bolt cutters on the floorboard of the passenger seat. [DS 2; MIO 2] The
3 detectives searched Defendant and Mr. Milligan incident to their arrests and found
4 jiggle keys (used for lock-picking), sandpaper, and a small container of oil on Mr.
5 Milligan. [MIO 2] Defendant told the detectives that he was only giving Mr. Milligan
6 a ride to his apartment to retrieve some of his belongings at the Rio Volcan Apartment
7 Complex. [MIO 2]
8 {5} The time line described in the docketing statement, which is not disavowed by
9 the memorandum in opposition, refutes Defendant’s claims that he had no idea how
10 the generator was stolen and did not agree to participate in it. In light of the activation
11 of the tracking device, the detectives tracing the signal of the tracking device, and the
12 discovery of the evidence of all the burglary tools found in Defendant’s pickup with
13 the generator itself, the State’s evidence indicated that the generator was stolen from
14 the maintenance storeroom at the Rio Volcan Apartment Complex and was then
15 placed in Defendant’s pickup. [DS 1-2] The evidence provides no indication that the
16 generator may have been taken from Mr. Milligan’s apartment when Defendant went
17 to the apartment complex to help move the generator in Defendant’s pickup truck.
18 Based on the time line of the tracking device’s activation and the discovery of the
19 generator, the other city-owned property, and the burglary tools found in Defendant’s
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1 truck, the jury could reasonably infer that Defendant was present when the generator
2 was taken from the maintenance storeroom and acted at least as the “get-away” driver.
3 From the sheer number and large size of items taken and the burglary tools required
4 to take and move the property, the jury could reasonably infer that planning and
5 assistance was needed and that Defendant agreed and worked in concert with Mr.
6 Milligan with an intent to move and/or remove the property. Cf. State v. Gonzales,
7 2008-NMCA-146, ¶ 11, 145 N.M. 110, 194 P.3d 725 (holding that the evidence that
8 the defendant and several other unknown people were working in concert to burglarize
9 a structure “presented strong circumstantial evidence to support its conclusion that
10 [the d]efendant had, in fact, agreed with at least one of them to commit the
11 burglaries”). Based on the location of the generator in a maintenance storeroom, the
12 presence of numerous burglary tools, and the hour of 3:04 a.m. when Defendant
13 assisted Mr. Milligan, the jury could reasonably infer that Defendant knew they were
14 taking and moving property that did not belong to Mr. Milligan or Defendant. See
15 State v. Gallegos, 2011-NMSC-027, ¶ 45, 149 N.M. 704, 254 P.3d 65516 (acknowledging that, due to the typically clandestine nature of conspiracies, the state’s
17 proof of a conspiracy is seldom direct evidence of the agreement, and the jury must
18 “infer the existence of an agreement based on the defendant’s conduct and
19 surrounding circumstances”). We reject Defendant’s claim that jury relied on
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1 improper inferences, surmise, or a cynical speculation to fill in gaps of the State’s
2 proof. [MIO 4]
3 {6} Based on the all the circumstantial evidence and the reasonable inferences the
4 jury could draw from that evidence, we are persuaded that the State met its burden of
5 establishing the existence of a conspiracy to commit burglary as it was defined for the
6 jury. [RP 93] See NMSA, § 30-28-2(A) (1979); UJI 14-2810 NMRA. For the reasons
7 stated above and in our notice, we affirm the district court’s judgment and sentence
8 {7} IT IS SO ORDERED.
9 ________________________________
10 TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge
11 WE CONCUR:
12 _______________________________
13 M. MONICA ZAMORA, Judge
14 _______________________________
15 HENRY M. BOHNHOFF, Judge
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