State v. Putt ( 2018 )

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellant,
4 v. NO. A-1-CA-36737
5 COLTON PUTT,
6 Defendant-Appellee.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF LEA COUNTY
8 Lee A. Kirksey, District Judge
9 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 Martha Anne Kelly, Assistant Attorney General
12 Albuquerque, NM
13 for Appellant
14 Sawyers Law Group
15 James W. Klipstine
16 Hobbs, NM
17 for Appellee
18 MEMORANDUM OPINION
19 ZAMORA, Judge.
1 {1} The State has appealed from an order denying a motion for reconsideration of
2 a discovery issue. We previously issued a notice of proposed summary disposition in
3 which we proposed to dismiss. The State has filed a memorandum in opposition.
4 After due consideration, we remain unpersuaded that this matter is properly before us.
5 We therefore dismiss.
6 {2} As the State has tacitly acknowledged, [MIO 12] the order at issue is
7 interlocutory in nature. See In re Estate of Pino, III, 1993-NMCA-087, ¶ 5, 115 N.M.
8 759, 858 P.2d 426 (explaining that orders requiring discovery generally do not
9 constitute final dispositions, and therefore they are not normally appealable except
10 upon the grant of applications for interlocutory appeals). The circumstances under
11 which we statutorily entertain interlocutory appeals by the State in criminal cases are
12 strictly limited. See NMSA 1978, § 39-3-3(B) (1972). This is not such a case.
13 {3} The State seeks immediate review pursuant to its constitutional right appeal as
14 an aggrieved party. [DS 1; MIO 1-14] However, as we previously observed, [CN 2-4]
15 the constitutional right established by Article VI, Section 2 of the New Mexico
16 Constitution does not confer upon the State an absolute right to appeal every adverse
17 ruling immediately. State v. Heinsen, 2005-NMSC-035, ¶ 9, 138 N.M. 441, 121 P.3d
18 1040. The State must demonstrate that the underlying ruling is contrary to law, and
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1 that its interest is sufficiently compelling. Id. As we explained in the notice of
2 proposed summary disposition and as we further describe below, we remain
3 unpersuaded that either of these requirements has been satisfied in this case.
4 {4} The order entered below requires the State to produce a copy of certain
5 photographic evidence to the defense. [MIO 4] The State does not dispute the
6 relevance of that evidence, or Defendant’s entitlement to discovery thereof. See
7 generally Rule 5-501(A)(3) NMRA (requiring the State to “disclose or make available
8 to the defendant” any photographs or copies thereof, which are within the custody or
9 control of the State, “which are material to the preparation of the defense or are
10 intended for use by the [S]tate as evidence at the trial”). Instead, the State contends
11 that it should have been permitted to retain exclusive possession of the images; and
12 to the extent that the defense wished to inspect them, the State contends that the
13 defense should have been required to view them at the police department. [MIO 3-4]
14 {5} Nothing within Rule 5-501 or any other authority of which we are aware
15 authorizes the State to unilaterally impose such conditions upon criminal defendants’
16 entitlement to discovery of material evidence. Absent such authority, we remain of the
17 opinion that the district courts are at liberty to exercise their discretion in managing
18 discovery practices. Cf. State v. DeBorde, 1996-NMCA-042, ¶ 13, 121 N.M. 601, 915
19 P.2d 906 (“[W]e leave it to the district court’s discretion to determine if further
3
1 disclosure is reasonable under the circumstances of each case.”). And although the
2 State contends that Rule 5-501(F) might have supported a different result, [MIO 11]
3 that provision clearly contemplates a balancing of interests. In this case the specific
4 approach taken by the district court, requiring the State to provide a single copy of the
5 images, to be “guarded in the law office” of defense counsel without further
6 replication or distribution of any kind and to be viewed by Defendant and defense
7 counsel exclusively, [RP 78] reflects a reasonable balancing of Defendant’s
8 entitlement to discovery of material evidence against the State’s concerns relative to
9 the sensitivity of the images. We therefore reject the State’s assertion that the
10 underlying decision is contrary to law, [MIO 6-11] and we remain unpersuaded that
11 the State’s interest is sufficiently compelling to entitle it to immediate appellate
12 review. [MIO 11-14]
13 {6} In closing, we note the State’s suggestion that the instant appeal should be
14 entertained on grounds the decision would otherwise be effectively unreviewable.
15 [MIO 10] As we observed in the notice of proposed summary disposition, [CN 3] the
16 State could have either applied for interlocutory appeal, or refused to comply, been
17 held in contempt, and appealed as of right thereafter. King v. Allstate Ins. Co., 2004-
18 NMCA-031, ¶ 19, 135 N.M. 206, 86 P.3d 631 (“A party who seeks to challenge an
19 order granting a motion to compel discovery . . . can either apply for an interlocutory
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1 appeal or refuse to comply, be held in contempt and file an appeal as of right from
2 both the contempt judgment and the underlying discovery order on which the
3 contempt was based.”). Neither of these options having been pursued, we remain
4 unpersuaded that further consideration on the merits is warranted.
5 {7} Accordingly, for the reasons stated above and in the notice of proposed
6 summary disposition, we dismiss.
7 {8} IT IS SO ORDERED.
8 _______________________________
9 M. MONICA ZAMORA, Judge
10 WE CONCUR:
11 ____________________________
12 DANIEL J. GALLEGOS, Judge
13 ____________________________
14 JENNIFER L. ATTREP, Judge
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