State v. Page ( 2017 )

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. NO. 35,624
5 DAVID LEE PAGE,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF SAN JUAN COUNTY
8 John A. Dean, Jr., District Judge
9 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 for Appellee
12 Bennett J. Baur, Chief Public Defender
13 B. Douglas Wood III
14 Assistant Public Defender
15 Santa Fe, NM
16 for Appellant
17 MEMORANDUM OPINION
18 VANZI, Chief Judge.
1 {1} Defendant appeals a trafficking conviction, challenging the sufficiency of the
2 evidence to support his conviction and asserting evidentiary and instructional error.
3 [MIO 4, 6, 9] This Court’s notice of proposed summary disposition proposed to hold
4 that the evidence offered at trial was sufficient to support the verdict rendered and that
5 no evidentiary or instructional error occurred at trial. [CN 3, 5, 7] Defendant has filed
6 a memorandum in opposition to that disposition, which we have duly considered.
7 Unpersuaded, we now affirm.
8 {2} With regard to the sufficiency of the evidence, Defendant asserts that the jury
9 should have disbelieved the testimony of an informant whose “motives render her
10 credibility suspect.” [MIO 5] This Court, however, does not assess the credibility of
11 witnesses, as that function is the sole province of the trier of fact at trial. State v. Salas,
12 1999-NMCA-099, ¶ 13, 127 N.M. 686, 986 P.2d 48213 {3} With regard to evidentiary error, Defendant continues to assert that a detective
14 should not have been permitted to testify regarding whether the informant appeared
15 to be under the influence of drugs at the time of the events she described. [MIO 6-9]
16 Specifically, Defendant asserts that a proper foundation may not have been laid for the
17 detective’s lay opinion by asking him to “explain his knowledge and experience as to
18 a person’s behavior while under the effects of methamphetamine.” [MIO 7] The only
19 foundation necessary for the admission of lay opinion, however, “is a showing of first-
20 hand knowledge and a rational connection between the observations made and the
2
1 opinion formed.” City of Farmington v. Fawcett, 1992-NMCA-075, ¶ 39, 114 N.M.
2 537, 843 P.2d 839. There appears to be no dispute that the detective had first-hand
3 knowledge of the informant’s appearance and demeanor both prior to and immediately
4 after the relevant events. Under such circumstances, an opinion of whether or not the
5 informant was under the influence of drugs would be “well within the bounds of what
6 a normal person would form on the basis of his observations.” State v. Luna, 1979-
7 NMCA-048, ¶ 20, 92 N.M. 680, 594 P.2d 340.
8 {4} And, finally, with regard to instructional error, Defendant continues to assert
9 error in the use of an instruction that included three different means of finding intent
10 to distribute methamphetamine. [MIO 9-11] Specifically, Defendant asserts that the
11 instruction did not comply with a use note and “stood to confuse the jury as to what
12 it was expected to determine and how.” [MIO 10] Defendant does not, however, posit
13 any scenario or set of findings that could have led the jury in this case to convict him
14 without, in the process, having determined that he actually did commit the crime of
15 trafficking by distribution. Instead, he asserts that “the jury could have misunderstood
16 that it was able to convict if it believed that [Defendant] intended to do something
17 wrong, even if the State failed to prove what he did.” [MIO 10-11] We disagree.
18 {5} In addition to intent, the instruction required the State to prove that Defendant
19 actually transferred methamphetamine to the informant. [RP 115] With regard to
20 intent, the jury was required to find that Defendant knew he was selling
3
1 methamphetamine, believed he was selling methamphetamine, or believed that he was
2 selling “some drug or other substance the possession of which is regulated or
3 prohibited by law.” [Id.] It would appear that under any possible set of findings the
4 jury used to find Defendant guilty pursuant to the instructions given, Defendant
5 would, of necessity, be guilty of trafficking by distribution.
6 {6} Ultimately, as our notice of proposed summary disposition pointed out, the
7 relevant standard of review in this appeal
8 requires that we review the instructions “as a whole to determine
9 whether they provide a correct statement of the law.” State v. Tafoya,
10 2010-NMCA-010, ¶ 45, 147 N.M. 602, 227 P.3d 92. Thus, even where
11 an instruction is not in strict compliance with a use note, this Court will
12 affirm if the “instruction accurately presented the applicable law.” Id.13 ¶ 46 (holding that use of alternative instruction was not reversible error).
14 [CN 6]
15 {7} Defendant does not assert that the instructions failed to accurately state the law,
16 and we do not find that the instruction given amounted to reversible error.
17 {8} The judgment and sentence entered below is affirmed.
18 {9} IT IS SO ORDERED.
19 __________________________________
20 LINDA M. VANZI, Chief Judge
21 WE CONCUR:
22 _________________________________
23 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge
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1 _________________________________
2 STEPHEN G. FRENCH, Judge
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