State v. Gonzalez ( 2015 )

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. NO. 34,458
5 BENJAMIN GONZALES,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF EDDY COUNTY
8 Jane Shuler-Gray, District Judge
9 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 for Appellee
12 L Helen Bennett PC
13 Linda Helen Bennett
14 Albuquerque, NM
15 for Appellant
16 MEMORANDUM OPINION
17 GARCIA, Judge.
18 {1} Defendant, Benjamin Gonzales, appeals his convictions for arson. We issued
1 a notice of proposed summary disposition proposing to affirm on April 21, 2015.
2 Defendant filed a timely memorandum in opposition, which we have duly considered.
3 We remain unpersuaded that our initial proposed disposition was incorrect, and we
4 therefore affirm.
5 DISCUSSION
6 {2} In his memorandum in opposition, Defendant continues to argue that the
7 evidence was insufficient to support his conviction for arson, contrary to NMSA 1978,
8 Section 30-17-5(A) (2006). Defendant elaborates in his memorandum in opposition
9 that the preliminary investigation into the fire demonstrated that there was no cause
10 or exact origin found. [MIO 2] Defendant points to an apparent discrepancy between
11 the amount listed as the estimated insurance payout ($6,000) and the charge of arson
12 over $20,000. [MIO 2] Defendant also argues generally that the State’s witnesses were
13 not credible. [MIO 2]
14 {3} “In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we must view the evidence in the
15 light most favorable to the guilty verdict, indulging all reasonable inferences and
16 resolving all conflicts in the evidence in favor of the verdict.” State v. Cunningham,
17 2000-NMSC-009, ¶ 26, 128 N.M. 711, 998 P.2d 176. As we stated in our notice of
18 proposed summary disposition, without a complete recitation of all the evidence and
19 witness testimony presented at trial, we are unable to engage in a meaningful review
2
1 of Defendant’s challenge to the sufficiency. Neither the docketing statement nor the
2 memorandum in opposition provide such a recitation. See Thornton v. Gamble,
3 1984-NMCA-093, ¶ 18, 101 N.M. 764, 688 P.2d 1268 (stating that counsel must set
4 out all relevant facts in the docketing statement, including those that support the
5 judgment below).
6 {4} However, we note that any conflicts in the evidence were for the factfinder to
7 resolve and do not present a basis for reversal on appeal. See State v. Rojo, 1999-
8 NMSC-001, ¶ 19, 126 N.M. 438, 971 P.2d 829 (“Contrary evidence supporting
9 acquittal does not provide a basis for reversal because the jury is free to reject
10 Defendant’s version of the facts.”); see also State v. Sarracino, 1998-NMSC-022,
11 ¶ 24, 125 N.M. 511, 964 P.2d 72 (observing that “although contrary evidence is
12 presented which may have supported a different verdict, the appellate court will not
13 weigh the evidence or foreclose a finding of substantial evidence”) (internal quotation
14 marks and citation omitted)). Additionally, the credibility of the witnesses is for the
15 factfinder to determine, and we do not substitute our judgment on appeal. See State
16 v. Roybal, 1992-NMCA-114, ¶ 9, 115 N.M. 27, 846 P.2d 333(noting that it is for the
17 factfinder to evaluate the weight of the evidence, to assess the credibility of the
18 various witnesses, and to resolve any conflicts in the evidence). Accordingly, we
19 reject Defendant’s challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence.
3
1 {5} Defendant next argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. [MIO
2 3] As this issue was not raised in the docketing statement, we understand Defendant
3 to raise it pursuant to a motion to amend the docketing statement. See State v. Moore,
4 1989-NMCA-073, ¶ 42, 109 N.M. 119, 782 P.2d 91 (stating that issues raised in a
5 motion to amend must be viable). Defendant asserts that his counsel was ineffective
6 by: (1) failing to conduct adversarial testing of the State’s evidence, (2) failing to
7 oppose the State’s introduction of prior bad acts evidence, (3) subjecting him to an
8 unwarranted competency evaluation, (4) failing to file any pleadings, (5) generally
9 failing to engage in effective advocacy. [MIO 3-5] Defendant argues that, as a result
10 of his counsel’s deficient performance, he spent over a year in pre trial confinement,
11 and was therefore presumptively prejudiced. [MIO 4]
12 {6} There is a two fold test for proving ineffective assistance of counsel; the
13 defendant must show (1) that counsel’s performance fell below that of a reasonably
14 competent attorney, and (2) that defendant was prejudiced by the deficient
15 performance. State v. Hester, 1999-NMSC-020, ¶ 9, 127 N.M. 218, 979 P.2d 729.
16 The burden of proof is on defendant to prove both prongs. Id. “When an ineffective
17 assistance claim is first raised on direct appeal, we evaluate the facts that are part of
18 the record. “If facts necessary to a full determination are not part of the record, an
19 ineffective assistance claim is more properly brought through a habeas corpus petition,
4
1 although an appellate court may remand a case for an evidentiary hearing if the
2 defendant makes a prima facie case of ineffective assistance.” State v. Roybal,
3 2002-NMSC-027, ¶ 19, 132 N.M. 657, 54 P.3d 61.
4 {7} The record before us does not support Defendant’s contention that he received
5 ineffective assistance of counsel. We are unable, on this record, to determine whether
6 independent testing of the State’s evidence would have resulted in favorable evidence
7 for Defendant. However, we note that counsel’s alleged failure to adequately
8 investigate does not establish ineffective assistance per se. Rather, Defendant is
9 required to demonstrate how pretrial investigation would have altered the course of
10 the proceedings. See State v. Telles, 1999-NMCA-013, ¶ 25, 126 N.M. 593, 973 P.2d
11 845 (rejecting a claim of ineffective assistance based on counsel’s alleged failure to
12 investigate). Mere speculation that testing would have altered the course of the
13 proceedings is insufficient, and the record before us contains no specifics. See
14 generally State v. Torres, 2005-NMCA-070, ¶ 25, 137 N.M. 607, 113 P.3d 877
15 (rejecting a claim of ineffective assistance due to the defendant’s failure to
16 demonstrate with specificity how the defense was actually prejudiced).
17 {8} Defendant also fails to identify with any degree of specificity on what basis
18 motions should have been filed that were not, and Defendant fails to explain how he
19 was actually prejudiced by counsel’s failure to file motions. See In re Ernesto M.,
5
1 1996-NMCA-039, ¶ 10, 121 N.M. 562, 915 P.2d 318 (“An assertion of prejudice is
2 not a showing of prejudice.”). We also note that trial counsel is not ineffective for
3 failure to make a motion that is not supported by the record. See State v. Chandler,
4 1995-NMCA-033, ¶ 35, 119 N.M. 727, 895 P.2d 249. As the record does not contain
5 a statement of the evidence at trial, we also cannot determine whether the result of the
6 proceedings would have been different had counsel objected to introduction of prior
7 bad acts evidence. See State v. Martinez, 2007-NMCA-160, ¶ 19, 143 N.M. 96, 173
8 P.3d 18 (stating that if a defendant fails to show a reasonable probability that but for
9 counsel’s deficient performance the result of the proceedings would have been
10 different then the presumption of effective assistance of counsel controls).
11 {9} Finally, we cannot determine on this record whether defense counsel’s decision
12 to request competency evaluations was below the standard of a reasonably competent
13 attorney. We therefore hold that Defendant has failed to establish a prima facie case
14 of ineffective assistance of counsel. See State v. Powers, 1990-NMCA-108, ¶¶ 5-7,
15 111 N.M. 10, 800 P.2d 1067 (stating that an insufficient factual basis precludes
16 appellate review of a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel). However, although
17 Defendant has failed to establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, we reach
18 this conclusion without prejudice to Defendant’s pursuit of habeas corpus proceedings
19 on this issue and the development of a factual record. See State v. Gonzales,
6
1 2007-NMSC-059, ¶ 16, 143 N.M. 25, 172 P.3d 162; see also State v. Baca,
2 1997-NMSC-059, ¶ 25, 124 N.M. 333, 950 P.2d 776 (“A record on appeal that
3 provides a basis for remanding to the trial court for an evidentiary hearing on
4 ineffective assistance of counsel is rare. Ordinarily, such claims are heard on petition
5 for writ of habeas corpus[.]”).
6 {10} For these reasons, we affirm.
7 {11} IT IS SO ORDERED.
8 ________________________________
9 TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge
10 WE CONCUR:
11 _______________________________
12 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Judge
13 _______________________________
14 M. MONICA ZAMORA, Judge
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