Sanchez v. Marquez ( 2023 )

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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
No. A-1-CA-40293
JONATHAN SANCHEZ,
Petitioner-Appellee,
v.
JOCELYNNE MARQUEZ,
Respondent-Appellant.
APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF VALENCIA COUNTY
Allen R. Smith, District Court Judge
Batley Family Law
L. Helen Bennett
Albuquerque, NM
for Appellee
Roybal-Mack Law, P.C.
Antonia Roybal-Mack
Dynette C. Palomares
Albuquerque, NM
for Appellant
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BOGARDUS, Judge.
{1} The opinion filed on November 8, 2023 is hereby withdrawn, and this opinion is
substituted in its place, following Respondent-Appellant’s timely motion for rehearing,
which this Court has denied. Mother Jocelynne Marquez appeals the district court’s
order adopting the hearing officer’s child support modification report. Mother argues that
the district court (1) abused its discretion in adopting the hearing officer’s child support
award; (2) erred in awarding Father Jonathan Sanchez child support credit for money
voluntarily provided for Child’s school tuition; and (3) violated Rule 1-053.2(H)(1)(b)
NMRA (2017)1 by failing to specifically address Mother’s objections. We agree with
Mother’s first argument, decline to review the second, and disagree with the third.
Accordingly, we reverse and remand in part and affirm in part.
{2} Because this nonprecedential memorandum opinion is issued solely for the
benefit of the parties, we presume they are familiar with the facts and procedural history
of this case, and we do not provide a general background.
DISCUSSION
I. The District Court Abused its Discretion in Adopting the Child Support
Award Recommended by the Hearing Officer
{3} Mother raises two issues concerning the child support award adopted by the
district court: (1) the hearing officer misapprehended the law in imputing Valencia
County minimum wage to Father and (2) the hearing officer incorrectly applied a
downward deviation by reducing the award 50 percent. Mother argues that the district
court erred in its calculation of Father’s income because the evidence presented does
not justify an imputation of minimum wage. We agree. The district court’s imputation of
minimum wage was in error, and therefore its decision to deviate the award was
premised on the inappropriately imputed minimum wage and must be reconsidered by
the district court.
{4} “The setting of child support is left to the sound discretion of the [district] court as
long as that discretion is exercised in accordance with the child support guidelines.”
Quintana v. Eddins, 2002-NMCA-008, ¶ 9, 131 N.M. 435, 38 P.3d 203. “[E]ven when we
review for an abuse of discretion, our review of the application of the law to the facts is
conducted de novo. Accordingly, we may characterize as an abuse of discretion a
discretionary decision that is premised on a misapprehension of the law.” N.M. Right to
Choose/NARAL v. Johnson, 1999-NMSC-028, ¶ 7, 127 N.M. 654, 986 P.2d 450(alteration, internal quotation marks, and citations omitted).
{5} The district court abused its discretion in adopting a child support award
recommendation that was premised on a misapprehension of the law. See id.; see also
NMSA 1978, § 40-4B-8(D)(1) (1993) (directing courts to set aside the hearing officer’s
decision if the court finds that the hearing officer abused its discretion). In its report, the
hearing officer highlights that Father’s unreliable income made the “child support
calculations in this matter difficult.” Deviation from the child support guidelines, however,
is not authorized with respect to the calculations of the parties’ incomes. See Jury v.
Jury, 2017-NMCA-036, ¶ 29, 392 P.3d 242. The child support guidelines define income
as “potential income if [parent is] unemployed.” Section 40-4-11.1(C)(1). Here, the
parties do not challenge the finding that Father was unemployed during the relevant
period. Furthermore, evidence was available regarding Father’s potential income.
1Our Supreme Court amended the rule in 2022. Hereinafter, all references to Rule 1-053 in this opinion
are to the 2017 version of the rule.
Accordingly, the district court abused its discretion by failing to use Father’s potential
income in the child support determination.
{8} Next, Mother argues that the district court abused its discretion in adopting the
downward deviation by the hearing officer that reduced the child support award by 50
percent. Specifically, Mother contends that there is no substantive evidence to support
the hearing officer’s findings of hardship that led to the downward deviation. We must
note that the hearing officer’s decision to reduce the amount of the child support award
was premised on the calculation that the total child support amount approximates 40
percent of Father’s total income. As discussed above, the hearing officer inappropriately
imputed minimum wage to Father. Accordingly, the determination that the child support
award approximates 40 percent of Father’s income is affected once the court imputes
income equal to Father’s income potential.
{9} We note that income-percentage was one of the three reasons that the hearing
officer decided to downward deviate the child support award. Deviation from the child
support guideline amounts is allowed, but “shall be supported by a written finding in the
decree, judgment or order of child support that application of the guidelines would be
unjust or inappropriate.” NMSA 1978, § 40-4-11.2 (1989, amended 2021). Because we
have determined that the district court abused its discretion in adopting one of the three
reasons for downward deviation, we remand to the district court for reconsideration of
whether the remaining two reasons are sufficient to justify the deviation from the
guidelines or a different deviation based on the correct income and circumstances. See
id.
II. Mother Failed to Preserve Her Argument That the District Court Erred in
Crediting Father With Amount Paid From January to May 2021
{10} Mother argues that the district court erred in crediting Father the amount he
voluntarily paid from January to May 2021. Specifically, Mother contends that Father
was not entitled to credit on the child support payment because the money was made
as a gift for Child’s tuition. We do not address this issue on appeal, however, because
Mother does not specify where in the record she objected and preserved the issue for
review. See Rule 12-318(A)(4) NMRA (“The brief in chief of the appellant . . . shall
contain . . . a statement explaining how the issue was preserved in the court below, with
citations to authorities, record proper, transcript of proceedings, or exhibits relied on.”).
Rather, the preservation record citations provided by Mother lead to different issues
raised.
{11} The first preservation citation Mother provides is her objection to the hearing
officer’s report, where Mother objects to the calculation of arrears. Mother’s arrears
objection, however, is not based on the payments being a gift to Child, as she now
argues on appeal. Rather, Mother claims that Father did not make any payments for
May and June 2021, and therefore the delinquency amount should be increased.
Mother’s second citation references a portion of the October 21, 2021 hearing, where
Mother’s counsel asks the court to require Father to disclose financial documents to
Child’s school. Neither of these two record citations preserved the specific issue
developed on appeal. Accordingly, it does not appear that Mother fairly invoked a ruling
of the district court on the same grounds argued on appeal. See Benz v. Town Ctr.
Land, LLC, 2013-NMCA-111, ¶ 24, 314 P.3d 688. Consequently, because Mother fails
to specifically point out where in the record she invoked the court’s rulings in the issue
and there is no obvious preservation, we do not consider the issue. See Crutchfield v.
N.M. Dep’t of Tax’n & Revenue, 2005-NMCA-022, ¶ 14, 137 N.M. 26, 106 P.3d 1273.
III. The District Court Did Not Violate Rule 1-053.2(H)(1)(b)
{12} Mother argues that the district court violated Rule 1-053.2(H)(1)(b) in adopting
the hearing officer’s report without providing her an “opportunity to address the merits of
her objection to the hearing officer’s report’s failure to address the need to require
Father to comply with . . . [C]hild’s private school financial assistance and disclosure
process.” Father responds that the district court afforded Mother the opportunity to
“make her case,” heard the presentation of the parties, and held that Mother failed to
meet her burden of persuasion. We agree with Father and explain.
{13} We review the setting of child support orders for an abuse of discretion. See
Quintana, 2002-NMCA-008, ¶ 9. “[E]ven when we review for an abuse of discretion, our
review of the application of the law to the facts is conducted de novo.” N.M. Right to
Choose/NARAL, 1999-NMSC-028, ¶ 7 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
Before the 2022 amendment, Rule 1-053.2(H)(1)(b) required that “[i]f the party files
timely, specific objections to the [hearing officer’s] recommendations, the district court
judge shall conduct a hearing appropriate and sufficient to resolve the objections.”
Furthermore, “the record of the hearing held before the district court must [have]
demonstrate[d] that the court in fact considered the objections and established the basis
for the court’s decision.” Buffington v. McGorty, 2004-NMCA-092, ¶ 31, 136 N.M. 226,
96 P.3d 787.
{14} In this case, Mother properly filed three objections to the hearing officer’s report,
including that the hearing officer did not address or require Father’s “timely compliance
with Academy’s financial application and process as requested and necessary in this
matter.” Based on the objections, the district court held two hearings on the issues,
providing an opportunity for the parties to present their arguments and ultimately
adopted the hearing officer’s full report. In its oral ruling, the district court explained that
Mother had failed to demonstrate that Father caused the loss of Child’s scholarship and
therefore no financial requirements regarding Child’s schooling would be imposed on
Father. Furthermore, the hearing officer’s report included a recommendation for a
review of child support once the school year started to consider any changes in the
financial situation of the parties or necessities of Child. Taken together, these actions by
the district court establish and explain the basis for the court’s decision to not impose
disclosure requirements on Father. See id.CONCLUSION
{15} For the foregoing reasons, we reverse for reconsideration in part and affirm in
part.
{16} IT IS SO ORDERED.
KRISTINA BOGARDUS, Judge
WE CONCUR:
J. MILES HANISEE, Judge
JACQUELINE R. MEDINA, Judge