Hayes v. Howell ( 2021 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 8 * * * 9 JAMES H. HAYES, Case No. 2:20-cv-00945-GMN-BNW 10 Petitioner, ORDER 11 v. 12 JERRY HOWELL, et al., 13 Respondents. 14 15 Before the court is respondents’ motion to dismiss certain grounds in James H. 16 Hayes’ pro se 28 U.S.C. § 2254 habeas corpus petition as unexhausted or conclusory 17 (ECF No. 12). As discussed below, the motion is granted. 18 I. Background & Procedural History 19 This case arises out of incidences in early 2016 in Harrah’s Hotel & Casino in 20 Las Vegas, when a high number of guests reported items stolen from their rooms (see 21 ECF No. 12, p. 2). Harrah’s set up a staged hotel room, with $350 in a wallet and other 22 property including an iPad and left the door slightly ajar. In the early morning hours, 23 Hayes checked the door to the room and entered. He took the money from the wallet, 24 and hotel security apprehended him when he exited the room. 25 26 27 1 In January 2017, a jury found Hayes guilty of burglary (exhibit 39).1 The state 2 district court sentenced him to a term of 21 to 72 months. Exh. 48. Judgment of 3 conviction was entered on March 13, 2017. Id. 4 The Nevada Supreme Court affirmed Hayes’ conviction in 2018. Exh. 146. The 5 Nevada Court of Appeals affirmed the denial of his state postconviction habeas corpus 6 petition in 2020. Exh. 207. 7 Hayes dispatched his federal habeas corpus petition for filing in May 2020 (ECF 8 No. 6). His original petition set forth 7 claims for relief. Hayes filed an addendum setting 9 forth 10 additional claims in July 2020. (ECF No. 6).2 Respondents now move to dismiss 10 the claims in the addendum as conclusory or unexhausted (ECF No. 12). Hayes 11 opposed, and respondents replied (ECF Nos. 30, 31). 12 II. Legal Standards & Analysis 13 Conclusory Claims 14 In federal habeas proceedings, notice pleading is not sufficient. Mere 15 conclusions of violations of federal rights without specifics do not state a basis for 16 federal habeas relief. Mayle v. Felix, 545 U.S. 644, 655 (2005). A petition may be 17 summarily dismissed if the allegations in it are “vague, conclusory, palpably incredible, 18 patently frivolous or false.” Hendricks v. Vasquez, 908 F.2d 490, 491 (9th Cir. 1990) 19 (internal citations omitted); see also Blackledge v. Allison, 431 U.S. 63, 74 (1977). The 20 court cannot grant relief based on conclusory allegations that are not supported by 21 specific facts. James v. Borg, 24 F.3d 20, 26 (9th Cir. 1994). CHECK CITE. 22 Ground VIII 23 Hayes asserts that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to investigate and 24 find a surveillance video that Hayes insists would show that he entered Harrah’s to 25 engage in prostitution. Hayes alleges that if the video had been discovered, it would 26 27 1 Exhibits referenced in this order are exhibits to respondents’ motion to dismiss, ECF No. 12, and are found at ECF Nos. 13-26. 1 show him going to the 17th floor first to arrange to meet a prostitute and then going to 2 the 9th floor to complete the transaction (ECF No. 6, p. 2). Hayes argues that this would 3 demonstrate that he lacked intent to commit burglary when he entered the hotel room 4 from which he stole $350. He contends that the jury would have found that he had no 5 intent to steal at the time he entered the hotel room if they had seen the surveillance 6 footage. 7 Respondents point out that Hayes does not allege that he told his counsel about 8 any such video. Even assuming video surveillance would have shown that Hayes first 9 went to the 17th floor before going to the 9th floor, that would shed no real light on 10 whether Hayes intended to commit burglary when he entered the 9th floor hotel room. 11 Petitioner fails to explain how this alleged failure by counsel prejudiced him. Ground 12 VIII, therefore, is dismissed as conclusory. 13 Ground IX 14 Hayes contends that his trial counsel was ineffective because counsel was 15 unaware of entrapment as a defense under Nevada law (ECF No. 6, p. 2). Aside from 16 baldly stating that this prejudiced him, Hayes alleges no specifics for this claim, 17 whatsoever. This is insufficient. Ground IX is dismissed as conclusory. 18 Ground X 19 Hayes alleges that his attorney was ineffective because counsel did not prepare 20 him to testify on direct and allowed him to testify to the elements of the crime of 21 burglary, except for intent upon entry (ECF No. 6, p. 2). Hayes does not dispute that he 22 entered the sting hotel room. He testified at trial that he did not enter the hotel room with 23 the intent to steal but with the intent to meet a prostitute. Thus, the record belies his 24 contention that he was not prepared to testify regarding intent. Ground X is dismissed 25 as conclusory and palpably incredible. 26 Ground XI 27 Hayes argues that his attorney was ineffective for failing to interview Hayes “in- 1 vague, and Hayes fails to allege what such an in-depth interview would have yielded 2 that would have aided in his defense. Accordingly, ground XI is conclusory and is 3 dismissed. 4 Ground XII 5 Hayes asserts that his attorney was ineffective because he should have located 6 some women with whom Hayes had arranged to engage in prostitution and have them 7 testify or obtain text messages to show that they gave Hayes the room number on the 8 9th floor. 9 Respondents argue this claim is palpably incredible. Hayes testified at trial and 10 could only give the first name of the prostitute and no further information. He could not 11 provide the room number on the 17th floor where he claimed he went before heading to 12 the 9th floor. See exh. 38, pp. 44-46. Finally, it is nonsensical that a prostitute would 13 have happened to send Hayes to the one room in the entire hotel where security was 14 conducting a sting. The court agrees that ground XII is subject to dismissal as palpably 15 incredible and frivolous. 16 Ground XIII 17 Hayes contends that his attorney was ineffective for failing to obtain an expert 18 witness to challenge the reliability of the video evidence because the video had the 19 incorrect date and/or time stamp (ECF No. 6, p. 3). However, Hayes fails to explain how 20 the date or time were incorrect. Further, respondents point out that in ground 1 Hayes 21 asserts that the State committed a Brady violation by failing to turn over the surveillance 22 video until shortly before trial. Thus, it is unclear how trial counsel could have been 23 ineffective by not securing an expert when the video was only turned over shortly before 24 trial. Ground XIII is vague and is summarily dismissed. 25 Ground XIV 26 Hayes argues that his trial attorney was ineffective for not submitting proposed 27 jury instructions in writing concerning lesser-included offense instructions (ECF No. 6, p. 1 is, does Hayes mean a jury instruction about “lesser-related offenses” or “lesser- 2 included offenses.” Hayes offered no clarification in his opposition to the motion (see 3 ECF No. 30). Ground XIV is dismissed as vague. 4 Grounds XV and XVI 5 Hayes asserts in ground XV that his appellate counsel was ineffective for failing 6 to assert claims of error that were supported by the record (ECF No. 6, p. 4). In ground 7 XVI Hayes contends that his appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to cogently 8 argue meritorious claims of error, such as Hayes’ “theory of the case instruction.” Id. 9 These vague claims are impossible for respondents to answer, and Hayes made 10 no attempt to clarify in his response to the motion (see ECF No. 30). Grounds XV and 11 XVI are dismissed. 12 Ground XVII 13 Hayes asserts that his appellate counsel rendered ineffective assistance when 14 he made the factual misstatement in the opening brief that Hayes was seen going down 15 the hallway on the 9th floor checking every door to see if any were ajar, when Hayes 16 claims he only checked the one door (ECF No. 6, p. 4; exh. 104, p. 13). Hayes fails to 17 explain how the alleged misstatement prejudiced him on appeal. He had testified at trial 18 that he went straight to the one room on the 9th floor where he had arranged to meet a 19 prostitute; the door was ajar, and he entered the room. Exh. 38, pp. 41-62. The jury also 20 viewed the surveillance video. Id. Ground XVII is dismissed as conclusory. 21 IV. Conclusion 22 IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that respondents’ motion to dismiss (ECF No. 12) 23 is GRANTED as follows: 24 Grounds VIII through XVII are DISMISSED. 25 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that respondents’ four motions for extension of time 26 to file a response to the petition (ECF Nos. 8, 9, 10, 11) are all GRANTED nunc pro 27 tunc. 1 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that respondents have 45 days from the date of this 2 order to file an answer to petitioner’s remaining grounds for relief. The answer must 3 contain all substantive and procedural arguments as to all surviving grounds of the 4 petition and comply with Rule 5 of the Rules Governing Proceedings in the United 5 States District Courts under 28 U.S.C. §2254. 6 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that petitioner has 30 days following service of 7 respondents’ answer in which to file a reply. 8 9 DATED: 9 August 2021. 10 11 GLORIA M. NAVARRO UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27