Hartzell v. Breitenbach ( 2024 )

1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 2 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 3 SHAWN TOSH HARTZELL, Case No. 3:24-cv-00028-ART-CLB 4 Petitioner, ORDER APPOINTING COUNSEL AND 5 v. ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE 6 NETHANJAH BREITENBACH, et al., 7 Respondents. 8 9 Pro se Petitioner Shawn Tosh Hartzell has filed a Petition for Writ of Habeas 10 Corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254, submitted a motion for counsel, and paid his 11 filing fee. (ECF Nos. 1-1 (“Petition”), 1-2, 4.) This matter comes before the Court 12 for initial review of the Petition under the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases 13 (“Habeas Rules”). For the reasons discussed below, this Court appoints counsel 14 to represent Hartzell and orders Hartzell to show cause why the Petition should 15 not be dismissed as untimely. 16 I. BACKGROUND1 17 Hartzell challenges a conviction and sentence imposed by the Tenth 18 Judicial District Court for Churchill County (“state court”). State of Nevada v. 19 Shawn Tosh Hartzell, 21-10DC-0944. On April 7, 2022, the state court entered a 20 judgment of conviction, pursuant to an Alford2 plea, for (1) abuse, neglect, or 21 endangerment of a child, and (2) lewdness with a child under the age of 14 years. 22 Hartzell was sentenced to 24 to 60 months for count 1, and 10 years to life for 23 count 2, to run consecutively to count 1. Hartzell appealed on June 2, 2022, but 24 because his notice of appeal was 24 days late, the Nevada Supreme Court 25 1The Court takes judicial notice of the Nevada appellate courts’ online docket 26 records located at http://caseinfo.nvsupremecourt.us/public/caseSearch.do. 27 Notably, the Tenth Judicial District Court of Nevada for Churchill County does not have online docket records. 28 2Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25 (1970). 1 dismissed the appeal on September 26, 2022. Remittitur issued on October 21, 2 2022. Hartzell states that he did not file a state habeas petition. (See ECF No. 1- 3 1 at 1.) On January 18, 2024, Hartzell transmitted his instant Petition. (Id.) 4 II. DISCUSSION 5 Habeas Rule 4 requires the assigned judge to examine the habeas petition 6 and order a response unless it “plainly appears” that the petition is not entitled 7 to relief. See Valdez v. Montgomery, 918 F.3d 687, 693 (9th Cir. 2019). This rule 8 allows courts to screen and dismiss petitions that are patently frivolous, vague, 9 conclusory, palpably incredible, false, or plagued by procedural defects. Boyd v. 10 Thompson, 147 F.3d 1124, 1128 (9th Cir. 1998); Hendricks v. Vasquez, 908 F.2d 11 490, 491 (9th Cir. 1990) (collecting cases). 12 The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (“AEDPA”) establishes a 13 1-year period of limitations for state prisoners to file a federal habeas petition 14 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The 1-year limitation period begins to run from 15 the latest of 4 possible triggering dates, with the most common being the date on 16 which the petitioner’s judgment of conviction became final by either the 17 conclusion of direct appellate review or the expiration of the time for seeking such 18 review. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1)(A). The federal limitations period is tolled while “a 19 properly filed application for State post-conviction or other collateral review with 20 respect to the pertinent judgment or claim is pending.” 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2). 21 But no statutory tolling is allowed for the period between finality of a direct appeal 22 and the filing of a petition for post-conviction relief in state court because no state 23 court proceeding is pending during that time. Nino v. Galaza, 183 F.3d 1003, 24 1006–07 (9th Cir. 1999); Rasberry v. Garcia, 448 F.3d 1150, 1153 n.1 (9th Cir. 25 2006). 26 Here, it appears that Hartzell’s conviction became final when the time 27 expired for filing a direct appeal to the Nevada appellate courts on May 9, 2022. 28 See Nev. R. App. P. 4(b)(1) (requiring a notice of appeal to “be filed with the district 1 court clerk within 30 days after the entry of the judgment or order being 2 appealed”); Gonzalez v. Thaler, 565 U.S. 134, 137 (2012) (when a state prisoner 3 “does not seek review in a State’s highest court, the judgment becomes ‘final’ on 4 the date that the time for seeking such review expires”). The federal statute of 5 limitations thus began to run the following day: May 10, 2022. Accordingly, 6 because Hartzell did not file a state habeas petition to statutorily toll his 7 limitations period, his limitations period expired 1 year later on May 10, 2023. 8 Accordingly, absent another basis for tolling or delayed accrual, Hartzell filed his 9 federal habeas Petition 253 days after the AEDPA limitation period expired. As 10 such, Hartzell must show cause why his Petition should not be dismissed with 11 prejudice as time barred.3 12 This Court now turns to Hartzell’s motion for the appointment of counsel. 13 (ECF No. 1-2.) There is no constitutional right to appointed counsel for a federal 14 habeas corpus proceeding. Pennsylvania v. Finley, 481 U.S. 551, 555 (1987); 15 Luna v. Kernan, 784 F.3d 640, 642 (9th Cir. 2015) (citing Lawrence v. Florida, 16 549 U.S. 327, 336–37 (2007)). An indigent petitioner may request appointed 17 counsel to pursue that relief. 18 U.S.C. § 3006A(a)(2)(B). The decision to appoint 18 counsel is generally discretionary. Id. (authorizing appointed counsel when “the 19 interests of justice so require”). However, counsel must be appointed if the 20 complexities of the case are such that denial of counsel would amount to a denial 21 of due process, and where the petitioner is a person of such limited education as 22 to be incapable of fairly presenting his claims. LaMere v. Risley, 827 F.2d 622, 23 24 3Although Hartzell filed a notice of appeal with the state district court on June 2, 2022, it appears to have been untimely, and, if a petitioner files an untimely 25 appeal, finality occurs on the date the petitioner had to file a timely appeal, not the date the state appellate court dismissed the appeal as untimely. Randle v. 26 Crawford, 604 F.3d 1047, 1057 (9th Cir. 2010). Hartzell appears to contend that 27 his notice of direct appeal to the Nevada Supreme Court was not late. (See ECF No. 1-1 at 5.) This Court will address this contention, should Hartzell decide to 28 present it, when it reviews Hartzell’s response to this Order to show cause. 1 |} 626 (9th Cir. 1987); Brown v. United States, 623 F.2d 54, 61 (9th Cir. 1980). 2 || Following review of the Petition and the motion for appointment of counsel, the 3 || Court will provisionally appoint the Federal Public Defender to represent Hartzell 4 || because the Court finds that appointment of counsel is in the interests of justice. 5 || III. CONCLUSION 6 It is therefore ordered that the Clerk of Court (1) add Aaron Ford, Attorney 7 || General of the State of Nevada, as counsel for Respondents, (2) electronically 8 || serve Respondents’ counsel a copy of the Petition (ECF No. 1-1), this Order, and 9 || all other items previously filed in this case by regenerating the Notices of 10 || Electronic Filing, (3) serve the Federal Public Defender a copy of this Order and 11 || the Petition (ECF No. 1-1), and (4) send a copy of this Order to Hartzell and the 12 || CJA Coordinator for this division. 13 It is further ordered that Respondents’ counsel enter a notice of appearance 14 || within 21 days of entry of this Order. 15 It is further ordered that the motion for appointment of counsel (ECF No. 16 || 1-2) is granted. The Federal Public Defender is provisionally appointed as counsel 17 || and will have 30 days to (1) undertake direct representation of Hartzell by filing 18 || a notice of appearance or (2) indicate the office’s inability to represent Hartzell in 19 || these proceedings. Appointed counsel will represent Hartzell in all federal 20 || proceedings related to this matter, including any appeals or certiorari 21 || proceedings, unless allowed to withdraw. A deadline for the filing of a response 22 || to this Order to show cause will be set after counsel has entered an appearance. 23 Dated this 20th day of May 2024. 24 j dun 25 Yar ANNE R. TRAUM 26 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 27 28