GEROYIANIS, LOUIS, PEOPLE v ( 2012 )

SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department
798
KA 10-02081
PRESENT: CENTRA, J.P., PERADOTTO, CARNI, LINDLEY, AND SCONIERS, JJ.
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, RESPONDENT,
V MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
LOUIS GEROYIANIS, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
THE LEGAL AID BUREAU OF BUFFALO, INC., BUFFALO (ROBERT L. KEMP OF
COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
FRANK A. SEDITA, III, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, BUFFALO (LIAM A. DWYER OF
COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Erie County (M.
William Boller, A.J.), rendered October 8, 2010. The judgment
convicted defendant, upon a jury verdict, of burglary in the second
degree, grand larceny in the third degree and criminal possession of
stolen property in the third degree.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is
unanimously modified on the law and as a matter of discretion in the
interest of justice by reducing the sentence on the first count of the
indictment to an indeterminate term of imprisonment of 16 years to
life, and by reducing the conviction of grand larceny in the third
degree (Penal Law § 155.35 [1]) to grand larceny in the fourth degree
(§ 155.30 [1]) and reducing the conviction of criminal possession of
stolen property in the third degree (§ 165.50) to criminal possession
of stolen property in the fourth degree (§ 165.45 [1]) and vacating
the sentence imposed on counts two and three of the indictment and as
modified the judgment is affirmed, and the matter is remitted to
Supreme Court, Erie County, for sentencing on those counts.
Memorandum: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him
upon a jury verdict of burglary in the second degree (Penal Law §
140.25 [2]), grand larceny in the third degree (§ 155.35 [1]), and
criminal possession of stolen property in the third degree (§ 165.50).
Contrary to defendant’s contention, we conclude that the conviction of
burglary in the second degree is supported by legally sufficient
evidence (see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495).
Although there were no eyewitnesses and there was no direct evidence
of defendant’s guilt, “the element of identity was established by a
compelling chain of circumstantial evidence that had no reasonable
explanation except that defendant was . . . the perpetrator[]” (People
v Brown, 92 AD3d 1216, 1217, lv denied ___ NY3d ___ [Apr. 30, 2012]).
At the time of the burglary, defendant was the victim’s next-door
neighbor. The victim testified that he was out of his apartment from
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KA 10-02081
8:30 A.M. until 2:30 P.M. on the date of the burglary and that, when
he returned, a laptop computer to which a Harley Davidson sticker was
affixed, various computer accessories, a DVD player, and approximately
150 to 160 DVDs were missing. A person acquainted with defendant
testified that, in the early afternoon on the date of the burglary,
defendant arrived at his house with a laptop computer and over 100
DVDs. Defendant told the acquaintance that the items were “hot,”
i.e., stolen. The acquaintance further testified that defendant
peeled a Harley Davidson sticker from the laptop computer. The
acquaintance later gave the sticker to the police, and the victim
identified it as the same sticker that had been affixed to his laptop
computer. In addition, the People’s forensic serologist testified
that defendant could not be excluded as a contributor to the DNA
profiles found on the power strip into which the stolen laptop
computer had been plugged in the victim’s apartment. Viewing the
evidence in light of the elements of the crime of burglary in the
second degree as charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d
342, 349), we further conclude that the verdict is not against the
weight of the evidence with respect to that crime (see generally
Bleakley, 69 NY2d at 495).
As defendant correctly concedes, he failed to preserve for our
review his further contention that Supreme Court failed to respond to
a jury note requesting to view an exhibit, i.e., a DNA analysis chart,
before the jury announced its verdict, inasmuch as he did not object
to the court’s handling of that jury note (see People v Starling, 85
NY2d 509, 516; People v Johnson, 289 AD2d 1008, 1009, lv denied 97
NY2d 756; People v Fuentes, 246 AD2d 474, 475, lv denied 91 NY2d 941).
Contrary to defendant’s contention, the alleged failure of the court
to respond to the jury’s request to view the exhibit is not a mode of
proceedings error for which preservation is not required (see People v
Kisoon, 8 NY3d 129, 135). “[T]his is not a case where there was ‘a
failure to provide [defense] counsel with meaningful notice of the
contents of the jury note or an opportunity to respond’ . . ., and
defendant therefore was required to preserve his contention for our
review” (People v Kalb, 91 AD3d 1359, 1359). In accordance with the
procedure set forth in People v O’Rama (78 NY2d 270, 277-278), the
court marked the jury note as a court exhibit and, before recalling
the jury, read the note verbatim into the record in the presence of
counsel (see People v Bonner, 79 AD3d 1790, 1790-1791, lv denied 17
NY3d 792). The court then advised counsel that it had a second note
indicating that the jury had reached a verdict and that it intended to
return the jury to the courtroom to announce the jury’s verdict.
Defense counsel did not object to the court’s intended course of
conduct, and his “silence at a time when any error by the court could
have been obviated by timely objection renders the [contention]
unpreserved” for our review (Starling, 85 NY2d at 516). In any event,
there is no merit to defendant’s contention.
We agree with defendant, however, that the conviction of grand
larceny in the third degree and criminal possession of stolen property
in the third degree is not supported by legally sufficient evidence
that the value of the stolen property exceeded $3,000. The value of
stolen property is “the market value of the property at the time and
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KA 10-02081
place of the crime, or if such cannot be satisfactorily ascertained,
the cost of replacement of the property within a reasonable time after
the crime” (Penal Law § 155.20 [1]). The People therefore were
required to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that the value of the
stolen property exceeded $3,000. “The Court of Appeals has
unequivocally held that ‘a victim must provide a basis of knowledge
for his [or her] statement of value before it can be accepted as
legally sufficient evidence of such value’ ” (People v Gonzalez, 221
AD2d 203, 204, quoting People v Lopez, 79 NY2d 402, 404). “Conclusory
statements and rough estimates of value are not sufficient” (People v
Loomis, 56 AD3d 1046, 1047; see People v Selassie, 166 AD2d 358, 359,
lv denied 77 NY2d 911). Although a “victim is competent to supply
evidence of original cost” (People v Stein, 172 AD2d 1060, 1060, lv
denied 78 NY2d 975), “evidence of the original purchase price, without
more, will not satisfy the People’s burden” (Gonzalez, 221 AD2d at
204).
Here, the victim testified that the following items were stolen
from his apartment: a laptop computer, a DVD player, a laptop
computer cooling device, a wireless mouse, a wireless laptop computer
air card, and approximately 150 to 160 DVDs. The record establishes
that the victim purchased the laptop computer in October 2008 for
$892.49, and that he purchased the DVD player in September 2007 for
$115.49. Contrary to the contention of defendant, the victim’s
testimony and supporting bank statements are sufficient to establish
the value of the laptop computer. The victim purchased the laptop
computer only nine months before the burglary and it is therefore
unlikely that its market value depreciated significantly by the time
of the burglary (see People v Monclova, 89 AD3d 424, 425, lv denied 18
NY3d 861; see also People v Alexander, 41 AD3d 1200, 1201, lv denied 9
NY3d 920). As for the DVD player, given the lapse of time between the
purchase and the theft as well as the absence of any testimony
concerning the condition of the DVD player, we cannot conclude that
there is legally sufficient evidence with respect to the value of the
DVD player at the time of the burglary (see Monclova, 89 AD3d at 424-
425; cf. Alexander, 41 AD3d at 1201). With respect to the remaining
items of stolen property, there was no evidence presented concerning
the purchase price or current value of the property. Although the
victim testified that new DVDs cost “$19 apiece, $20 apiece
depending,” he did not testify concerning the age or condition of his
DVDs, the market value of the DVDs at the time of the theft, or the
cost of replacing his DVD collection (see Gonzalez, 221 AD2d at 205).
As for the remaining stolen items, the victim provided only “rough
estimates of value” (Loomis, 56 AD3d at 1047), without setting forth
any basis for his estimates (see Gonzalez, 221 AD2d at 204-205; see
also People v Watkins, 233 AD2d 904, 905), and thus the evidence also
is legally insufficient to establish the value of those remaining
items. “Consequently, we cannot on this record conclude ‘that the
jury ha[d] a reasonable basis for inferring, rather than speculating,
that the value of the property exceeded the statutory threshold’ of
$[3],000” (People v Brink, 78 AD3d 1483, 1484, lv denied 16 NY3d 742,
rearg denied 16 NY3d 828). The evidence is legally sufficient,
however, to establish that defendant committed the lesser included
offenses of grand larceny in the fourth degree (Penal Law § 155.30
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KA 10-02081
[1]) and criminal possession of stolen property in the fourth degree
(§ 165.45 [1]). We therefore modify the judgment accordingly, and we
remit the matter to Supreme Court for sentencing on those convictions.
We further agree with defendant that the sentence imposed on the
conviction of burglary in the second degree is unduly harsh and severe
under the circumstances of this case, and we therefore further modify
the judgment by reducing the sentence as a matter of discretion in the
interest of justice to an indeterminate term of imprisonment of 16
years to life.
Entered: June 15, 2012 Frances E. Cafarell
Clerk of the Court