People ex rel. Delaney v. Board of Fire Commissioners , 97 N.Y. Sup. Ct. 515 ( 1895 )

Putnam, J.:

By chapter 822, Laws of 1887, amending the charter of the village of Saratoga Springs (Chap. 220, Laws of 1866), a board of fire commissioners was created for said village. The act provided, among other things, that said commissioners should control the expenditure of all funds belonging to the fire department, should have power to employ a clerk, chief engineer, assistant engineer, superintendent of the fire alarm telegraph and four or more firemen, and have the entire and exclusive management and control of all apparatus for the extinguishing of fires in said village, and' of all property belonging to or intended to be used by tbe fire department thereof. The act further provided that the compensation of said engineer, assistant engineer, superintendent of the fire alarm telegraph and firemen should be paid out of the funds of the fire department, and that such employees might be removed by said commissioners, but not without cause and only after having a reasonable opportunity to be heard.

By the charter of said village the trustees thereof are authorized to raise by an annual tax, to be levied in June of each year, for the use of the fire department, the sum of $7,000, and if necessary, in their discretion, a further sum of $1,000, this $7,000 or $8,000 constituting the fire department fund, and the village having no power to raise any other or greater sum; but chapter 322, Laws of 1887 (supra), provides that all penalties for infractions of by-laws enacted by the fire commissioners, and all sums required by law to be paid as taxes by incorporated fire insurance companies, shall be added to the fire department fund.

On March 19, 1895, the relator was appointed fireman by a resolution of said fire commissioners for one year from May 1, 1895, at a salary of $600, payable monthly. The commissioners at the same time appointed, for the said period, a chief engineer, superintendent of the fire alarm telegraph, a clerk and nine other firemen. On March twentieth the relator accepted said appointment and acted thereunder until June 7,1895, when the board of fire commissioners assumed to discharge him. Relator -was not removed for cause, or on charges, or after an opportunity to be heard, but on the sole ground, as stated by the respondents in the return, that on March nineteenth, when he and the other employees were appointed, no money or tax for the fire department fund for the ensuing year had been voted or levied either for salaries of employees or other expenses of the department.

That there was only $1,762.18 to the credit of the fire fund in the hands of the receiver of taxes, which sum was then anticipated and appropriated for the salaries of the then employees and for other expenses; that- by the employment of relator and others on the 19th of March, 1895, the fire commissioners attempted to incur a debt or expenditure of $7,80G in violation of the express provisions of section 61 of the charter of said village, which provides that “No debt shall be incurred or created by said village, by the trustees or any other officer thereof in their official capacity; * * * nor shall any expenditure be made or incurred until the money or tax for that specific object shall have been voted or levied as herein directedthat the contract made or assumed to be made with the relator on March nineteenth was void, and hence that the respondents disregarded it, and the services of relator were dispensed with because no legal contract of employment existed with him.

It is not suggested that relator and the other employees so appointed on March 19, 1895, were not in fact necessary or required by the fire commissioners in the performance of their duties under the act of 1887, but as there was no money unappropriated in the hands of the village receiver belonging to the fire department, and there being none levied or voted at the time, to pay the wages of the said employees for the ensuing year, respondents contend that the fire commissioners had no legal authority to appoint either said chief engineer, superintendent, secretary or firemen j that the commissioners should have awaited the levy of the taxes in June following.

If the contention of the respondents is correct, the fire department of the village in May, 1895, and until the levy of the taxes in June of that year, would have been disorganized and the village without fire protection, and it follows that if in the course of any year after the levy of the annual tax in June the fire fund, through any unusual or unforeseen expenditure, should be exhausted, the commissioners would be unable to employ firemen necessary to do the work until the ensuing June.

With some hesitation we have reached the conclusion that the position taken by the respondents cannot be sustained. We think that the act of 1887 shows an intent to confer upon the fire commissioners power, at any time, to employ men when necessary and proper to keep the fire department in an efficient condition. They have absolute control of the expénditúre of the funds belonging to the fire department. They are given the absolute right to appoint firemen. Under the act we see no reason to doubt that they may in any year control the appropriation of the funds of the department by a resolution adopted before as well as after the tax is levied. The control of the expenditure of the funds of the fire department given to the fire commissioners is unqualified. An examination of the whole act shows an intent to confer upon them such power as is necessary to keep the fire department in an efficient state. W& think their power is not restricted by section 61 of the charter, but only restricted by the provisions of the act of 1887 itself. That act provides that the compensation of officers and employees of the fire department shall be payable out of the fire fund. This fund, as we have seen, is a sum not exceeding $8,000, which the1 trustees of the village may levy annually, together with the amount received from the annual tax on incorporated insurance-companies and certain penalties. The commissioners, under the statute, cannot incur in any year a liability beyond the amount of said fire fund. Should they assume to do so, their act would be without authority. Rut to that extent they can legally' contract without regard to the provisions of section 61 (supra). Had the respondents made it appear that the employment of relator and others on March 19, 1895, created a liability beyond the amount authorized by the statute of 1887, it may be that they would have been authorized to discharge relator. But his dismissal was not placed on that ground in the' return of the respondents, but on the sole ground that his employment was in violation of the provisions, of section 61 (supra).

We think that the doctrine established in the case of The People’ ex rel. Hiram Owen et al. v. Arthur D. Leary et al. (17 Wkly.Dig. 116); approved in Mingay et al. v. Hanson et al. (102 N. Y. 695), as to the water commissioners of said village, applies. In the case cited it was held “That under the Laws of 1872, chapter 763,,. a new department was organized under the control of water commissioners, who have the power to manage and control, repair, make alterations and use all necessary precautions for the preservation and security of the water works. The commissioners receive and expend the income and rents derived from the water works in the discharge of their duties. The statute, as a whole, indicates a power in the commissioners quite independent of the trustees, and confers upon them all the power before that time possessed by the trustees of the village. The trustees have no control over the funds derived from the water works which are to be expended by the commissioners in the discharge of their duties under the law. Undoubtedly the water commissioners are officers of the village, which is liable for their acts clone within the authority conferred by the laws. But they are officers to whom powers are given in excess of the powers given to the officers of the village under the charter of 1866. As to such officers and such powers the restriction of section 61 is by implication and of necessity repealed.”

It will be seen that the case cited is quite similar to this. In that case the powers of the water commissioners of the village of Sai’atoga Springs to incur a debt was considered, and it was held that the water commissioners were not restricted by the provisions of section 61 of the charter. Here, as in that case, a new department was made by the act of 1887, creating a board of fire commissioners. Such board controls the property belonging to the fire department and the expenditure of funds thereof. Although the fire commissioners are officers of the village, powers are conferred upon them by the act in excess of the powers theretofore possessed by the trustees under the charter. It is true that it appears in the case cited that the water commissioners received the greater part of the funds used by them from water rents entirely under their control, while the greater part of the fire department fund is raised by a tax levied by the trustees of the village. But the act of 1887 provides that the fire commissioners shall control the expenditure of the funds of the fire department, and hence the trustees, after levying the tax for the fire fund, have no more control over it than they have over the water fund received from water rents by the water commissioners of said village.

On the whole we think, as held in the case cited as to the water commissioners, that as to the fire commissioners and the powers conferred upon them by the act of 1887, the restriction of section 61 of the charter is repealed by implication as well as by the express enactment contained in section 5 of the act.

The case of Latham v. Richards (12 Hun, 360), to which we are referred by the learned counsel for the respondents, is not parallel. There the trustees of the village of Saratoga Springs, assumed to create a debt for a large amount in the purchase of a farm for a cemetery, no money or taxes for that specific object having been voted. In that ease there was a plain attempt to violate the provisions of section 61 of the charter. No subsequent statute had, by implication or otherwise, repealed section 61 of the charter, which was, therefore, applicable, and hence the contract attempted to be made by the trustees was void. In the case under consideration an act passed subsequent to the act of 1866, creating a new department, authorized the fire commissioners to make the contract with relator under which he claims, and if the latter act is inconsistent with the provisions of section 61 of the said charter that section must he deemed repealed pro tanto.

We conclude that the relator is entitled to judgment, with the usual costs.

Mayiiám, P. J., and IIerriok, J., concurred.

Proceedings of commissioners reversed, with costs and disbursements.