Ott v. Schroeppel , 7 Barb. 431 ( 1849 )

By the Court, Gridley, J.

This cause comes before us at this time upon a case subject to the opinion of the court. It has been before the court on two former occasions, upon demurrers ; and we have been obliged to express an opinion upon several of the questions raised on this argument. It may be remarked however, that neither the entire bond of submission; nor the entire award has ever been spread out on the pleadings; and we have been compelled to give a construction to some parts of both as they were presented unconnected with the context, which may be found to differ somewhat from the interpretation demanded by a consideration of the instruments taken as a whole.

The bond of submission set forth in the case is subject to the following condition : “ That if the above bounden H. W. Schroeppel shall well and truly submit to the decision of Orla H. Whitney, Matthew McNair, William Dalloway and John Grant, jun. or either three of them, who shall act, named, elected and chosen arbitrators as well by and on the part and behalf of the said Edward Ott, as of the said Henry W. Schroeppel, between whom a controversy exists, to hear all the proofs and allega-. lions of and concerning, First, the amount which has actually-been paid upon a certain contract between the said Schroeppel of the one part and the said Edward Ott and Joseph Ott of the other part, of date March 1st, 1835, and which in justice should be applied thereon; and indorse the amount so found on said contract—and Second, of and concerning also all actions, causes of action, controversies, suits, judgments, debts, dues and demands, and all other matters of whatsoever name and nature now existing,” &c. (“ especially reserving,” &c.) “ and determine and settle and award also, upon said second mentioned matters.” [Here follows a provision that the arbitrators shall be sworn; and then the bond proceeds in these words:] “ so as the award of the said arbitrators be made in writing, subscribed by them or any two of them, and attested by a subscribing witness, ready to be delivered to the said parties on or before the 1st day of February next, then this obligation to be void,” &c. This bond is very awkwardly drawn, and it is by no means an easy task to give it a construction entirely satisfactory. The great question is whether the true interpretation of the instrument required the arbitrators to embrace in their award a determination of the amount that had been paid on the Ott contract up to the date of the bonds of submission, and to indorse such amount on the contract. The difficulty arises upon the point whether the condition to “ submit to the decision of Orla H. Whitney” and the other arbitrators is to be read so as to require the parties to submit to the “ decision” of the said arbitrators of and concerning the amount paid on the Ott contract, and also of and concerning all actions and demands, &c.; or whether it should be read as merely requiring the arbitrators “ to hear all the proofs and allegations” of and concerning, first, the amount paid upon the said contract, and secondly, upon all actions, demands, &c. between the parties. The grammatical construction makes the phrase “of and concerning, &c.” refer to the hearing of the proofs and allegations, as its immediate antecedent. We have heretofore held, and upon an attentive consideration of the entire instrument we are still of the opinion, that the parties intended to bind themselves to submit to the “ decision," (in other words the award) of the arbitrators “ of and concerning first, the amount actually paid, &c. and secondly, of and concerning also, all actions,” &c. That both subjects were submitted to be awarded upon, and that the arbitrators were bound to embrace both in their award. Upon any other construction the word “ decision” is without an object, and stands wholly unconnected with the rest of the instrument. There is nothing else to which it can relate. “ Decision” of the arbitrators, we may ask, upon what 1 The answer is obviously “ of and concerning” the subject matter of the submission. And though the awkward and inartificial manner of drawing the bonds has occasioned some difficulty in applying the “ decision” of the arbitrators to the phrase of and concerning, the amount due upon the contract, according to strict grammatical rules; yet the undoubted meaning of the parties was to provide that they should submit to the “ decision” of the arbitrators, “ of and concerning” the subject matter of the submission ; as well as to declare that the arbitrators were named and chosen to hear the proofs and allegations “ of and concerning” the same subjects. This construction is confirmed by the language subsequently employed in another part of the instrument. After reciting the second subject matter of submission, which was general, of all demands, it seems to have occurred to the person who drafted the bond that the intention of the parties had not been clearly expressed: and he therefore adds, “And determine and settle and aivard also upon said second mentioned matters,” clearly implying that the matter first mentioned had already been submitted as a subject of the award. By requiring the arbitrators to award “also” upon the second mentioned matter as well as the first, all doubt is removed in regard to the intentions of the parties that they should award upon both. Again; the bond requires the arbitrators to be sworn “ to make a just award” The inquiry arises upon what were they to be sworn to malee a just award ? Upon one of the matters submitted ? or upon the whole ? Clearly upon the whole. Then follows the “ ita quod” clause—“ so as the aioard of the arbitrators be made,” &c. We may again inquire, what‘was meant by the expression “ the award of the arbitrators” in this clause? Undoubtedly, an award upon the whole matters submitted, as well that involving the determination of the amount that had been paid on the Ott contract as that concerning the general demands of the parties.

If I am right in my construction of the bonds of submission, then the award should have determined how much had been paid on the contract of March 1st, 1835, at the date of the submission. This was indispensable to the validity of an award made in pursuance of a submission containing the “ ita quod” clause. This principle was most explicitly laid down in the case of Randall v. Randall, (7 East, 81, 83.) That case bore a strong analogy to the one under consideration; and Lord Ellenborough, in delivering the opinion of the court says, “ The arbitrators had three things submitted to them; one was to determine all actions, &c. between the parties; another was to settle what was paid to the defendant, &c.; the third was to ascertain what rent was to be paid by the plaintiff to the defendant for certain land. The authority given to the arbitrators was conditional, ‘ ita quod,’ they should arbitrate on the matters by a certain day. If then they fail as to one of them, the condition has not been performed upon which the award was to have its obligatory effect; and here they have stopped short and have omitted to settle one of the subjects of difference which was stipulated for. This is not like the case where an award being good in part and bad in part, the good part shall not be vitiated by the arbitrators having directed something to be done which is superfluous and bad. But here the very condition on which the parties submitted to the award has failed.” This decision was founded, among other authorities, on 1 Roll. Abr. 256; Cro. Jac. 836; Wittes, 268; 8 Coke, 98, and 2 Vern. 200 ; and has been expressly recognized as sound law, and the principle re-asserted by Mr. Justice Spencer in Jackson v. Ambler, (14 John. 106,) and by Judge Nelson in 12 Wend. 159, as well as in many other cases. In Randall v. Randall the whole award was held void for the reason that the arbitrators stopped short and omitted to award upon one of the specific matters submitted to them. So this court held in this same case, (3 Barb. Sup. Court Rep. 60, 62,) that the award under consideration was void because the arbitrators stopped short, and omitted to award how much had been paid on the contract mentioned in the submission. This was so held upon two grounds; (1.) That the indorsement on the contract was not an award within the agreement of submission, and that it does not on its face profess to be, inasmuch as it alludes to the award as the authority for making the indorsement. When this case was before us on a demurrer to an amended replication, which the plaintiff had put in as a substitute for that which had been adjudged insufficient, we held that on the facts set forth in such amended replication the award was good.^(a) But it was pleaded as an award, which upon a fair construction of the pleading determined how much had been paid on the aforesaid contract up to the date of the bond of submission. There was no objection on the face of the pleading to the award, except that in form it was executed and signed on two pieces of paper, which we held to be immaterial. We were however careful to confine our decision to a case corresponding with the facts stated in the amended replication, in these words: “ We need not say that we are bound to take the facts, as they are pleaded, to be true; and the replication alledges a perfect award upon both subjects submitted.” Upon an examination of the entire bonds of submission and of the award as the same are proved, it is very difficult to say that the principal award and the indorsement on the contract can be read together as one award in law, so as to satisfy the conditions of the bond of submission, which obviously contemplates one award upon both matters. We would not object to their being written in different instruments in point of form, for they might notwithstanding be read together. But it requires a great latitude of construction to read the indorsement on the contract as part of the principal award, when it does not profess to be an award on its face; and especially when it is attested by a different witness, and, by means of the attestation being confined to the signatures of two of the arbitrators, could by no possibility be the award of the three who executed the principal award. (5 Paige, 578, and cases there cited.)

(2.) The award was held to be void on the ground that, conceding the indorsement could be read with the other award as a part of it, yet it only determined how much had been paid on the contract on the first day of January, 1841; wholly omitting to find how much had been paid up to the date of the bonds of submission, and by expressly limiting the finding to a day long previous, precluding all grounds for a presumption that they intended their award to embrace the two intervening years. We gave our reasons for holding that this indorsement was no compliance with the requirements of the submission, in the opinion before referred to. Our views on that point will be found at pages 61 and 62 of the 3d of Barbour, to which we desire merely to refer without repeating them here.

We deem it proper, however, to allude to one or two grounds put forth with much ingenuity by the plaintiffs’ counsel on the present argument. He argued that the court would intend that there were no payments after January 1, 1841, and that Ott would be concluded by the award from insisting on any payments made after that date.

It is doubtless true that upon a general submission of all demands, actions, &c. an award is conclusive as to all matters to which the submission extends, whether any particular included in the submission, was or was not laid before the arbitrators or passed on by them. This is so settled in this state and in England. (See 19 Wend. 285, and the cases cited by Bronson, J. in his opinion.) And upon this doctrine upon a submission of all notes, bills, bonds, judgments, and demands, if the arbitrators should make a general award between the parties, neither party could thereafter recover upon a note by proving that it was not awarded on, or taken into consideration by the arbitrators. But this principle has never been extended to a case where a specific subject matter was submitted in addition to a general submission of all demands. By the second resolution in Baspoólés case in the 8th of Coke, it was resolved “ that when the submission is general an award of part is good, for otherwise the parties may conceal one thing and make the award void. But if it be of diverse things in special, ita quod arbitrium fiat de permissis, an award of part is void ; but good without such conclusion.” This is in strict accordance with the doctrine of Randall v. Randall, before cited. See to the same point, the remark of Spencer, J. (14 John. 106,) “ that when there is a reference of two distinct matters of reference, and the arbitrators omit to decide one of such distinct matters, the whole award is vitiated.” So too in Warfield v. Holbrook, (20 Pick. 531,) one of the cases cited by the plaintiffs’ counsel, the distinction is taken by Ch. J. Shaw between the two classes of cases, declaring the general rule as it is admitted to exist, but adding that the law is otherwise where a matter is specifically submitted and the arbitrators omit to pass upon it; citing for this distinction the 1st of Barnwell & Adolphus, 723, and the 2d Adolphus & Ellis, 752, which fully sustain the ground assumed by the learned Ch. Justice.

Again. It is laid down in Rolle's Ab. tit. Abr. b, and it is held in Karthans v. Ferris, that in order to impeach an award made in pursuance of a conditional submission, on the ground of only part of the matters having been decided, the party must distinctly show that there are other points in difference of which the arbitrator had notice, and that he neglected to determine them. This principle can not help the plaintiff. The bond of arbitration in this case gave express notice to the arbitrators, that it was a point in difference, how much had been paid on the contract in question up to the date of the bonds, and the indorsement itself shows that evidence was given on the subject. That evidence would doubtless have warranted them in finding that no more than the sum indorsed had been paid on the contract up to the date of the bond. But they did not so find; and by expressly excluding from the period to which their finding was applicable, the time that intervened after the 1st of January, 1841, they say by the strongest implication, that as to that period they make no award. It is not, in our judgment, a case where we can make any intendment enlarging the language of an award so explicit in its terms. Nor will Ott in any future litigation be concluded from proving any intervening payments, on the principle that being within the terms of a general submission, he was bound to prove such payments and obtain an award for them, or be thereafter concluded. There is no analogy between this case and the class of cases to which that rule is applicable. This is the conclusion to which the best consideration we have been able to give to this case has brought us. It is a case involving some new questions, and it must be admitted that it is not free from difficulty. We may have erred; but if we have, it is gratifying to know that our error will be corrected. Judgment must be entered for the defendant.

(a) 4 Barb. Sup. C. Rep. 250.