Roberts v. Turner , 12 Johns. 232 ( 1815 )

Spencer, J.

On the fullest reflection, I perceive no grounds for changing the opinion expressed at the. circuit. The defendant is in no sense a common carrier, either from the nature of his business, or any community of interest with the carrier. Aldrich, who, as the agent of the plaintiff, delivered the ashes in question to the defendant, states the defendant to be a forwarder of merchandise and produce from Utica to Schenectady and Albany; and that he delivered the ashes, with instructions from the plaintiff to send them to Col, Trotter.

The case of a carrier stands upon peculiar grounds. He is held responsible as an insurer of the goods, to prevent combinations, chicanery, and fraud. To extend this rigorous law to persons standing in the defendant’s situation, it seems to me, would be unjust and unreasonable. The plaintiff knew, or might have known, (for his agent knew,) that the defendant had no interest in the freight of the goods, owned no part of the boats employed in the carriage of goods, and that his only business in relation to the carriage of goods consisted in forwarding them. That a person, thus circumstanced, should be deemed an insurer of goods forwarded by him, an insurer too without reward, would, in my judgment, be not only without a precedent, but against all legal principles. Lord Kenyon, in treating of the liability of a carrier, (5 T. R. 394.) makes this the criterion to determine his character; whether, at the time when the accident happened, the goods were in the custody of the defendants as common carriers. In Garside v. The Proprietors of the Trent and Mersey Navigation, (4 T. R. 581.) the defendants, who were common carriers, undertook to carry goods from Sioneport to Manchester, and from thence to be forwarded to Stockport. The goods arrived at Manchester, and were put into the defendant’s warehouse, and burnt up before an opportunity arrived to forward them. Lord Kenyon held the defendants’ character of carriers ceased when the goods were put into the warehouse. This case is an authority for saying, that the responsibilities of a common carrier and forwarder of goods rest on very different principles.

In the present case the defendant performed his whole undertaking ; he gave the ashes in charge to an experienced and faithful boatman.

It has been urged that the defendant derived a benefit from the carriage of the goods, in receiving cash from the owners of produce, and paying the boatmen in goods, and also in charging more than he actually paid, The latter suggestion is doubted in point of fact; but admitting the facts to be so, these are advantages derived from the defendant’s situation, as" a warehouse keeper and forwarder of goods, and by no means implicate him as a carrier; for surely the defendant is entitled to some remuneration for the trouble in storing and forwarding goods. In any and every point of view, there is not the least pretext for charging the defendant with this loss as a commo'n carrier.

Per Curiam»

Motion denied.