Hatt v. Hagaman ( 1895 )

Hebbick, J.

On the 1st day of March, 1856, William Smith, of the city and county of Albany, in this state, executed and delivered to Otis Allen a deed of all the property, both real and personal, which had theretofore been assigned to him by one Thomas S. Bleecker, in trust, to pay the debts of Thomas S. Bleecker, the expenses attending the execution of the trust, the necessary repairs to buildings and fixtures, the insurance, and also the assessments and taxes, after the payment of which the income of such estate was to be paid to the said Thomas S. Bleecker during his natural life; upon the death of the said Thomas S. Bleecker the said trustee, or his successors, to convey all the property then remaining in his hands to such person or persons as should be designated by the said Thomas S. Bleecker in his last will and testament, and in default of any such designation, then to convey the. same to the heirs at law and next of kin of the said Thomas S. Bleecker in the same manner as if the said Thomas S. Bleecker had died intestate, seized of the property so conveyed in trust. It was further provided in the said trust deed as follows: “And the sand party of the second part is also hereby axlhorized and empowered, at any time, to grant, sell, assign and transfer the said real and personal estate so held by him in trust, or any part thereof, at either public or private sale, and on such terms, conditions and credits as he may deem expedient, and to execute all necessary deeds, conveyances, assignments and transfers to perfect any such sale or sales, and to apply the proceeds of such sales and the capital of the personal estate which may, at any time, be in his hands to the payment of the debts which he is hereinbefore authorized to pay, and to reinvest the surplus proceeds arising from, any such sale or sales, and the capital of any pa/rt of the said personal estate which may, at any time, be in his hands in the purchase of good productive real estate situate in the state of New York, or in good bonds and mortgages on unincumbered, productive real estate in this state, or in such other safe and permanent securities as he may consider proper.”

The plaintiff herein subsequently became the trustee and successor of the said Otis Allen under such trust deed.

On the 14th day of February, 1895, the plaintiff entered into a written contract with the defendants for the sale to them of a certain house and lot, situated in the city of Albany, which house and lot had been acquired by one of the predecessors of said plaintiff as trustee under said trust deed, the same being purchased as a reinvestment of the surplus proceeds arising from a sale or sales of property belonging to the trust estate.

The defendants agreed to purchase such property, and pay therefor the sum of $3,200, on or about the 21st day of February, 1895. Subsequent to the execution of such contract the defendants refused the performance thereof on their part, upon the ground that the plaintiff had no power or authority to sell such property, and could not give a legal title thereto, and thereupon the plaintiff brought this action for a specific performance by the defendants of their contract to purchase the property in question. The 'facts are undisputed, and are substantially as herein stated.

The court will not decree a specific performance upon the part of the vendee of a contract to purchase real estate where there is doubt of the ability of the vendor to convey a good marketable title to the property in question.

Every purchaser of real estate is entitled to a marketable title, free from incumbrances and defects, and he will not be compelled to take property the possession of which he may be compelled to defend by litigation. The title should be such that, if he wishes to sell, he may be reasonably sure that no flaw or doubt will arise to disturb its market value. Schriver v. Schriver, 86 N. Y. 575; Vought v. Williams, 120 id. 253; Irving v. Campbell, 121 id. 353.

In this case the power of sale is expressly granted to the trustee, but it is in terms confined to the property conveyed to the trustee; it is granted for a double purpose; paying debts and making investments; and that power seems to have been exercised already, it appearing in the plaintiff’s complaint that the property in question here was procured by an investment of the proceeds of a sale or sales of the trust property. There is no express authority for a sale of any after-acquired property.

The court will imply those powers which are necessary to carry out the purposes of the trust; no more. There are no purposes of the trust alleged in the plaintiff’s complaint, nor can I see any, in reading the trust deed, which render it necessary to sell the property in question here, neither do I think that the power to sell the property in question can be inferred from the power of sale expressly given in the trust deed.

It will be observed that the trustee is directed, after paying the debts, to reinvest the surplus proceeds arising from any such sale or sales in the purchase of good productive real estate, or in bonds and mortgages, “ or in such other safe and permanent securities as he may consider proper.”

It seems to me that instead of inferring from this the right to sell property in which the proceeds of such sales had been invested, that these words are rather a restriction upon the continued power to sell of the trustee, and that the grantor contemplated permanent investments to continue during the life of the trust estate.

The question at least is a serious one, not free from doubt, and one which cannot but affect the market value of the property in question, and the title offered to the defendants is, therefore, not one that a court of equity should compel them to accept.

The complaint should, therefore, be dismissed, with costs. Ordered accordingly.