State v. Villareal , 2022 Ohio 1473 ( 2022 )

[Cite as State v. Villareal, 2022-Ohio-1473.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
State of Ohio, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : No. 21AP-588
(C.P.C. No. 18CR-3059)
v. :
(REGULAR CALENDAR)
Luis E. Villareal, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on May 3, 2022
On brief: G. Gary Tyack, Prosecuting Attorney, and
Paula M. Sawyers, for appellee.
On brief: Luis E. Villareal, pro se.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
BEATTY BLUNT, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Luis E. Villareal, appeals a judgment of the Franklin
County Court of Common Pleas denying his petition for postconviction relief without an
evidentiary hearing. For the following reasons, we affirm.
{¶ 2} By indictment filed June 26, 2018, plaintiff-appellee, State of Ohio, charged
Villareal, along with seven other co-defendants, with one count of engaging in a pattern of
corrupt activity, in violation of R.C. 2923.32, a first-degree felony; one count of trafficking
in marijuana, in violation of R.C. 2925.03, a second-degree felony; two counts of trafficking
in cocaine, in violation of R.C. 2925.03, first-degree felonies; one count of trafficking in
marijuana, in violation of R.C. 2925.03, a fourth-degree felony; and one count of receiving
proceeds of an offense subject to forfeiture proceedings, in violation of R.C. 2927.21, a third-
No. 21AP-588 2
degree felony. Five of the counts contained accompanying one-year firearm specifications,
and two of the counts contained forfeiture specifications for the $509,373 in currency
seized following an execution of a search warrant. The indictment related to conduct
occurring between December 18, 2017 and June 16, 2018. The case number in the trial
court for this indictment was Franklin C.P. No. 18CR-3059.
{¶ 3} After initially entering a plea of not guilty, Villareal appeared with counsel on
January 23, 2020, and entered a plea of guilty to one count of engaging in a pattern of
corrupt activity and one count of trafficking in cocaine in case No. 18CR-3059. That same
day, Villareal also entered a guilty plea in Franklin C.P. No. 19CR-2311 to one count of
trafficking in cocaine relating to a separate indictment the state filed May 10, 2019. The
trial court accepted Villareal's guilty pleas in both cases, found Villareal guilty, and imposed
the mandatory required prison sentence of 11 years for the engaging in a pattern of corrupt
activity, concurrent to a mandatory 11 years for the trafficking in cocaine offense in case
No. 18CR-3059, and the trial court ordered that sentence to run consecutive to the three-
year prison sentence it imposed for trafficking in cocaine in case No. 19CR-2311, for a total
aggregate sentence of 14 years in prison. Villareal did not file a timely direct appeal of his
conviction and sentence in case No. 18CR-3059.
{¶ 4} On November 5, 2020, appellant filed in the trial court a pro se petition for
postconviction relief under R.C. 2953.21. On November 19, 2020, appellant filed a second
petition for postconviction relief titled petition for post-conviction relief pursuant to
R.C. 2953.21 or, in the alternative, motion to withdraw guilty plea pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1.
In it, appellant asserted as grounds for relief ineffective assistance of counsel due to trial
counsel's failure to file a motion to suppress the evidence seized as a result of the searches
conducted in this case.
{¶ 5} The state filed its response to appellant's first petition on November 10, 2020
and filed a virtually identical response to appellant's second petition on December 18, 2020.
On October 15, 2021, the trial court issued a journal entry denying appellant's November 19,
2020, petition1 without holding a hearing finding that appellant's claim of ineffective
1The trial court did not address appellant's first petition, nor has appellant filed an appeal related to that
petition.
No. 21AP-588 3
assistance of counsel was barred by res judicata, and that even if it were not so barred, his
claim was meritless.
{¶ 6} Appellant timely appeals, assigning the following error for our review:
Ineffective assistance of counsel, in violation of the Sixth
Amendment.
{¶ 7} Although not articulated as such, we construe appellant's sole assignment of
error as contending that the trial court erred in denying his petition for postconviction relief
without a hearing. We disagree.
{¶ 8} "A trial court's decision to deny a postconviction petition without a hearing is
reviewed under the abuse of discretion standard." State v. Boddie, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-811,
2013-Ohio-3925, ¶ 11, citing State v. Campbell, 10th Dist. No. 03AP-147, 2003-Ohio-6305,
¶ 14. An abuse of discretion entails a decision that is unreasonable, arbitrary, or
unconscionable. Id., citing Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983).
{¶ 9} R.C. 2953.21 provides for a postconviction relief process that is a civil
collateral attack on a criminal judgment, not an appeal of that judgment. State v. Davis,
10th Dist. No. 13AP-98, 2014-Ohio-90, ¶ 17, citing State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279, 281
(1999). A petition for postconviction relief is a means by which the petitioner may present
constitutional issues that would otherwise be unreviewable on direct appeal because the
evidence supporting those issues is not included in the record of the petitioner's criminal
conviction. State v. Carter, 10th Dist. No. 13AP-4, 2013-Ohio-4058, ¶ 15, citing State v.
Murphy, 10th Dist. No. 00AP-233 (Dec. 26, 2000). Postconviction review is not a
constitutional right but, rather, is a narrow remedy which affords the petitioner no rights
beyond those granted by statute. Calhoun at 281-82. A postconviction relief petition does
not provide the petitioner a second opportunity to litigate his or her conviction. State v.
Hessler, 10th Dist. No. 01AP-1011, 2002-Ohio-3321, ¶ 23, citing Murphy.
{¶ 10} A petitioner is not automatically entitled to an evidentiary hearing on a
postconviction petition. State v. Sidebeh, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-498, 2013-Ohio-2309, ¶ 13,
citing State v. Jackson, 64 Ohio St.2d 107, 110-13 (1980). To warrant an evidentiary
hearing, the petitioner bears the initial burden of providing evidence that demonstrates a
cognizable claim of constitutional error. Id. The evidence must show that "there was such
a denial or infringement of the person's rights as to render the judgment void or voidable
under the Ohio Constitution or the Constitution of the United States." Campbell at ¶ 15,
No. 21AP-588 4
citing R.C. 2953.21(A)(1); Calhoun at 282-83. "A trial court has a statutorily imposed duty
to ensure that the defendant meets this burden." State v. Jones, 16AP-803, 2017-Ohio-
5529, ¶ 7, citing R.C. 2953.21(D); State v. Cole, 2 Ohio St.3d 112, 113 (1982). "A trial court
may deny a defendant's petition for postconviction relief without an evidentiary hearing
where the petition, supporting affidavits, documentary evidence, and trial record do not
demonstrate sufficient operative facts to establish substantive grounds for relief." Id., citing
State v. Ibrahim, 10th Dist. No. 14AP-355, 2014-Ohio-5307, ¶ 9, citing Calhoun at
paragraph two of the syllabus. " 'A petitioner is not entitled to a hearing if his claim for
relief is belied by the record and is unsupported by any operative facts other than
Defendant's own self-serving affidavit or statements in his petition, which alone are legally
insufficient to rebut the record on review.' " State v. Hill, 10th Dist. No. 21AP-16, 2021-
Ohio-3899, ¶ 15, quoting State v. Blanton, 4th Dist. No. 19CA096, 2020-Ohio-7018, ¶ 10.
{¶ 11} A trial court may also dismiss a petition for postconviction relief without
holding an evidentiary hearing when the claims raised in the petition are barred by the
doctrine of res judicata. Campbell at ¶ 16, citing State v. Szefcyk, 77 Ohio St.3d 93 (1996),
syllabus. " 'Res judicata is applicable in all postconviction relief proceedings.' " Id., quoting
Szefcyk at 95. "Under the doctrine of res judicata, a defendant who was represented by
counsel is barred from raising an issue in a petition for post-conviction relief if the
defendant raised or could have raised the issue at trial or on direct appeal." Id., citing
Szefcyk at syllabus. "In order to avoid dismissal of the petition under the doctrine of res
judicata, the evidence supporting the claims must be competent, relevant, and material
evidence outside the trial court record, and it must not be evidence that existed or was
available for use at the time of trial." State v. Wright, 10th Dist. No. 08AP-1095, 2009-
Ohio-4651, ¶ 11, citing State v. Cole, 2 Ohio St.3d 112 (1982), syllabus.
{¶ 12} We have previously specifically found that "the doctrine of res judicata
precludes a defendant from raising, in a petition for postconviction relief, an ineffective
assistance of counsel claim that was or could have been raised at trial or on direct appeal."
State v. McBride, 10th Dist. No. 14AP-237, 2014-Ohio-5102, ¶ 6, citing State v. Davis, 10th
Dist. No. 13AP-98, 2014-Ohio-90, ¶ 22. "To overcome the res judicata bar, the defendant
must offer competent, relevant and material evidence, outside the trial court record, to
demonstrate that the defendant could not have appealed the constitutional claim based
upon information in the original trial record." Id., citing State v. Young, 10th Dist. No.
No. 21AP-588 5
05AP-641, 2006-Ohio-1165, ¶ 20; State v. Braden, 10th Dist. No. 02AP-954, 2003-Ohio-
2949, ¶ 27. "The evidence offered in support must 'advance the petitioner's claim beyond
a mere hypothesis.' " State v. Murphy, 10th Dist. No. 15AP-460, 2015-Ohio-4282, ¶ 16,
quoting State v. Lawson, 10th Dist. No. 02AP-148, 2002-Ohio-3329, ¶ 15. "Additionally,
the petitioner must not rely on evidence that was in existence or available for use at the time
of trial and that the petitioner should have submitted at trial if he wished to make use of it."
Id., citing Lawson at ¶ 15.
{¶ 13} In appellant's November 19, 2020 petition filed in the trial court, appellant
argued his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to file a motion to suppress the evidence
obtained as a result of the warrantless search of the premises located at 2430 Performance
Way and the two searches of 3410 East 5th Avenue made pursuant to warrant. Appellant's
postconviction petition did not include any evidence outside the trial court record–such as
affidavits or other exhibits–in support of it. Furthermore, the evidence pertaining to the
claim he is making would be contained in the original trial record. As noted above,
appellant did not file a direct appeal. To the extent his arguments in support of his claim
are based on the trial court record, res judicata operates to bar those arguments. McBride
at ¶ 7, citing State v. Dixon, 10th Dist. No. 03AP-564, 2004-Ohio-3374, ¶ 12 (finding res
judicata bars consideration of an ineffective assistance of counsel claim that could have
been raised on direct appeal).
{¶ 14} Nor is appellant's submission of his own affidavit in support of his claim of
ineffective assistance for the first time on appeal of any aid to him. First, although appellant
now asserts he instructed his trial counsel "to file a timely notice of appeal and counsel
failed to do so" (Appellant's Brief at 3.), appellant did not raise this issue before the trial
court. It is well-settled that we will not consider an argument raised for the first time on
appeal. (Citations omitted.) State v. Wintermeyer, 158 Ohio St.3d 513, 2019-Ohio-5156 ¶ 7.
See also Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Stone, 10th Dist. No. 20AP-94, 2021-Ohio-3007,
¶ 12 (" 'Parties cannot raise any new issues for the first time on appeal, and the failure to
raise an issue at the trial level waives it on appeal.' "), quoting Bell v. Teasley, 10th Dist. No.
10AP-850, 2011-Ohio-2744, ¶ 15.
{¶ 15} Moreover, we may not consider appellant's affidavit in any event because it
was not presented to the trial court and thus is not part of the trial court record. Case law
is clear that "the scope of our review on appeal is confined to matters within the record
No. 21AP-588 6
transmitted from the trial court." Bank of N.Y. v. Barclay, 10th Dist. No. 03AP-844, 2004-
Ohio-1217, ¶ 9, citing App.R. 12(A) and 9; Lamar v. Marbury, 69 Ohio St.2d 274 (1982).
"This court accordingly can take no notice of facts or circumstances brought to our attention
by means of affidavits or other evidence not appearing in the record and before the trial
court at the time it rendered its judgment." Id.{¶ 16} Therefore, based on the foregoing discussion, we conclude res judicata bars
the consideration of appellant's claim for ineffective assistance of counsel, and we need not
and do not address the merits of appellant's claim. See Capital Care Network of Toledo v.
Ohio Dept. of Health, 153 Ohio St.3d 362, 2018-Ohio-440, ¶ 31, quoting PDK Laboratories,
Inc. v. United States Drug Enforcement Admin., 362 F.3d 786, 799 (D.C.Cir.2004)
(Roberts, J., concurring in part and concurring in judgment) (recognizing "the cardinal
principle of judicial restraint - - if it is not necessary to decide more, it is necessary not to
decide more."). Because res judicata bars appellant's petition for postconviction relief, the
trial court did not err in denying appellant's petition on that basis.
{¶ 17} Nor did the trial court err in finding that, in the alternative, res judicata
likewise bars appellant's motion to withdraw his guilty plea pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1. "It is
well-established that res judicata bars claims raised in a Crim.R. 32.1 postsentence motion
to withdraw a guilty plea that were raised or could have been raised in a prior proceeding
such as a direct appeal." State v. Morris, 10th Dist. No. 19AP-152, 2019-Ohio-3795, ¶ 13;
State v. Taylor, 10th Dist. No. 19AP-795, 2020-Ohio-4581, ¶ 12 ("[t]his court has
consistently applied res judicata to bar a defendant from raising issues in a post-sentence
Crim.R. 32.1 motion that were or could have been raised on direct appeal"), citing State v.
Mobley, 10th Dist. No. 18AP-23, 2018-Ohio-3880, ¶ 14, citing State v. Ikharo, 10th Dist.
No. 10AP-967, 2011-Ohio-2746, ¶ 11.
{¶ 18} Accordingly, based on the foregoing reasons, we overrule appellant's sole
assignment of error. Having overruled appellant's sole assignment of error, we hereby
affirm the judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.
Judgment affirmed.
KLATT and SADLER, JJ., concur.