State v. Becraft , 2019 Ohio 2348 ( 2019 )

[Cite as State v. Becraft, 2019-Ohio-2348.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
CLARK COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO :
:
Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 2018-CA-96
:
v. : Trial Court Case No. 2012-CR-511A
:
RICHARD E. BECRAFT, JR. : (Criminal Appeal from
: Common Pleas Court)
Defendant-Appellant :
:
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OPINION
Rendered on the 14th day of June, 2019.
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JOHN M. LINTZ, Atty. Reg. No. 0097715, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Clark County
Prosecutor’s Office, 50 East Columbia Street, Suite 449, Springfield, Ohio 45502
Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
RICHARD E. BECRAFT, JR., Inmate No. 685-749, Lebanon Correctional Institution, P.O.
Box 56, Lebanon, Ohio 45036
Defendant-Appellant, Pro Se
.............
WELBAUM, P.J.
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{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Richard E. Becraft, Jr., appeals pro se from a judgment
of the Clark County Court of Common Pleas denying his petition for post-conviction relief.
For the reasons outlined below, the judgment of the trial court will be affirmed.
Facts and Course of Proceedings
{¶ 2} On May 2, 2013, Becraft pled guilty to one count of aggravated robbery in
violation of R.C. 2911.01(A)(1), a felony of the first degree. In exchange for his guilty
plea, the State agreed to dismiss an attached firearm specification and to stipulate that
Becraft did not have a firearm during the offense in question. After accepting Becraft’s
guilty plea, on May 28, 2013, the trial court sentenced Becraft to nine years in prison and
ordered him to pay $2,000 in restitution to the victim.
{¶ 3} On June 26, 2013, Becraft filed a notice of appeal from his conviction. The
same day, Becraft also filed a pro se motion to withdraw his guilty plea. In support of his
motion, Becraft argued that his trial counsel falsely promised that he would only receive
a five-year prison sentence. On August 13, 2013, the trial court issued a brief entry
denying the motion.
{¶ 4} Between December 2013 and May 2015, Becraft filed several pro se petitions
for post-conviction relief and a post-conviction motion to withdraw his guilty plea. In
these filings, Becraft argued that his guilty plea should be vacated because his trial
counsel falsely promised that he would receive a maximum prison sentence of five years.
Becraft also argued that his trial counsel withheld the discovery packet from him and
falsely promised that he would be granted judicial release in six months. On May 6,
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2015, the trial court issued an entry dismissing Becraft’s post-conviction motion to
withdraw his guilty plea on grounds that it lacked jurisdiction to rule on the motion due to
Becraft’s pending appeal.
{¶ 5} In his direct appeal from his conviction, Becraft challenged trial counsel’s
effectiveness, the trial court’s order of restitution, and the knowing and voluntary nature
of his guilty plea. This court reversed the portion of the trial court’s sentence ordering
Becraft to pay $2,000 in restitution upon finding that the amount ordered exceeded the
victim’s economic loss. State v. Becraft, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2013-CA-54, 2015-Ohio-
3911, ¶ 31. (“Becraft I”). This court also reversed the remainder of Becraft’s sentence
on the grounds that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance in failing to object to
certain unsupported findings made by the trial court during sentencing. Id. at ¶ 27.
Although we found that Becraft received ineffective assistance during sentencing, we
found no ineffective assistance during the plea proceedings. Id. at ¶ 13-19. We
therefore affirmed all aspects of Becraft’s conviction, but remanded the matter for the
limited purpose of resentencing. Id. at ¶ 32.
{¶ 6} At his resentencing hearing, Becraft advised the trial court that he wanted to
withdraw his guilty plea. In response to Becraft’s request, the trial court continued the
resentencing hearing so that Becraft could file a written request to withdraw his guilty
plea. With the assistance of new trial counsel, Becraft filed a motion to withdraw his
guilty plea on January 6, 2016.
{¶ 7} In support of his motion, Becraft did not raise the same ineffective assistance
claims raised in his prior post-conviction motions and petitions. Instead, Becraft argued
that he should be permitted to withdraw his guilty plea because this court had determined
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in his direct appeal that his trial counsel had rendered ineffective assistance during
sentencing. Becraft also argued that his trial counsel had been ineffective in failing to
provide him with the victim impact statement and in failing to provide him with the
“favorable” results of a polygraph test that he took prior entering his guilty plea. Becraft
claimed that he would not have pled guilty had he known about the test results.
{¶ 8} Following a hearing on these claims, the trial court denied Becraft’s motion
to withdraw his guilty plea and scheduled the matter for resentencing. During the
resentencing portion of the proceedings, the trial court ordered Becraft to serve eight
years in prison and to pay $1,200 in restitution to the victim. Becraft then appealed from
the trial court’s resentencing judgment. Becraft also appealed from the trial court’s order
denying his motion to withdraw his guilty plea.
{¶ 9} On appeal, this court modified the trial court’s restitution order from $1,200
to $583.33. State v. Becraft, 2017-Ohio-1464, 89 N.E.3d 218, ¶ 65 (“Becraft II”). The
modification was for purposes of preventing a windfall to the victim and to be consistent
with the order of restitution imposed on Becraft’s co-defendant. Id. at ¶ 24, 65. This
court otherwise affirmed the trial court’s sentence and the order denying Becraft’s motion
to withdraw his guilty plea. Id. at ¶ 65.
{¶ 10} On November 20, 2017, following our decision in Becraft II, Becraft filed
another pro se petition for post-conviction relief. In this petition, Becraft argued that the
restitution awarded by the trial court exceeded the economic loss suffered by the victim.
Becraft also argued that the State breached an agreement to dismiss the case against
him if his polygraph test results showed that he truthfully denied involvement in the
aggravated robbery. Becraft further argued that his guilty plea should be vacated as a
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result of his trial counsel providing ineffective assistance. Specifically, Becraft claimed
his trial counsel provided ineffective assistance by:
(1) falsely promising him that he would serve only three to five years in
prison if he accepted the State’s plea offer;
(2) incorrectly advising him that he would be eligible for community
control sanctions;
(3) failing to investigate and interview relevant witnesses who could
have impeached the State’s witnesses and provided him with a
viable defense;
(4) failing to obtain video evidence from the Kroger store where the
victim was robbed; and
(5) sending him a letter dated June 19, 2013, that incorrectly stated his
offense carried a mandatory prison term and that he would be eligible
for judicial release after three years.
{¶ 11} On July 25, 2018, the trial court denied Becraft’s petition for post-conviction
relief on grounds that the arguments raised therein were barred by res judicata. The trial
court did not hold an evidentiary hearing before denying the petition. Becraft now
appeals from that judgment, raising four assignments of error for review.
First Assignment of Error
{¶ 12} Under his first assignment of error, Becraft contends that the trial court erred
in denying his petition for post-conviction relief on the basis of res judicata. Becraft also
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contends that the trial court erred in failing to conduct an evidentiary hearing on the issue
of whether the State breached the polygraph agreement. We disagree with both claims.
1. The Trial Court Correctly Concluded that Res Judicata Bars the Claims
Raised in Becraft’s Petition for Post-Conviction Relief
{¶ 13} “Petitions for post-conviction relief are governed by R.C. 2953.21 through
R.C. 2953.23. Under these statutes, any defendant who has been convicted of a
criminal offense and who claims to have experienced a denial or infringement of his or
her constitutional rights (federal or Ohio) may petition the trial court to vacate or set aside
the judgment and sentence.” State v. DeVaughns, 2017-Ohio-475, 84 N.E.3d 332, ¶ 24
(2d Dist.), citing R.C. 2953.21(A). “A post-conviction proceeding is not an appeal of a
criminal conviction; it is a collateral civil attack on the judgment.” Id., citing State v.
Gondor, 112 Ohio St. 3d 377, 2006-Ohio-6679, 860 N.E.2d 77, ¶ 48. (Other citations
omitted.) It is “a means by which the petitioner may present constitutional issues to the
court that would otherwise be impossible to review because the evidence supporting
those issues is not contained in the record of the petitioner’s criminal conviction.”
(Citations omitted.) State v. Monroe, 2015-Ohio-844, 29 N.E.2d 391, ¶ 37 (10th Dist.).
{¶ 14} “[P]ost[-]conviction relief is a particularly narrow remedy because the
doctrine of res judicata bars ‘any claim that was or could have been raised at trial or on
direct appeal.’ ” State v. Pound, 2d Dist. Montgomery Nos. 24789, 24980, 2012-Ohio-
3392, ¶ 8, quoting State v. Dudley, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 23613, 2010-Ohio-4152,
¶ 30. “ ‘ “Res judicata also implicitly bars a petitioner from ‘repackaging’ evidence or
issues which either were, or could have been, raised in the context of the petitioner’s trial
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or direct appeal.” ’ ” State v. Goldwire, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 20838, 2005-Ohio-
5784, ¶ 11, quoting Monroe at ¶ 9, quoting State v. Hessler, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 01AP-
1011, 2002-Ohio-3321, ¶ 37.
{¶ 15} Res judicata not only applies to claims that could have been or were raised
on direct appeal, “ ‘but to all postconviction proceedings in which an issue was or could
have been raised.’ ” State v. Heid, 4th Dist. Scioto No. 15CA3710, 2016-Ohio-2756,
¶ 18, quoting State v. Montgomery, 2013-Ohio-4193, 997 N.E.2d 579, ¶ 42 (8th Dist.).
More specifically, “res judicata applies to bar raising piecemeal claims in successive post-
conviction relief petitions or motions to withdraw a guilty plea that could have been raised,
but were not, in the first post-conviction relief petition or motion to withdraw a guilty plea.”
(Citations omitted.) State v. McCain, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 27195, 2017-Ohio-7518,
¶ 35.
{¶ 16} “We review trial court decisions on petitions for post-conviction relief under
an abuse of discretion standard.” (Citations omitted.) State v. Perkins, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 25808, 2014-Ohio-1863, ¶ 27. “The term ‘abuse of discretion’ has been
defined as a decision that is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.” (Citation
omitted.) State v. Howard, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 26069, 2014-Ohio-4602, ¶ 8.
{¶ 17} In this case, Becraft claims the trial court abused its discretion when it
denied his November 20, 2017 petition for post-conviction relief on the basis of res
judicata. However, upon reviewing the record, we find the trial court properly concluded
that res judicata bars the claims in Becraft’s petition. This is because the claims were
either: (1) raised in a prior appeal and overruled by this court; or (2) could have been, but
were not, raised when Becraft requested to withdraw his guilty plea on remand.
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{¶ 18} Becraft’s claim that the order of restitution exceeded the victim’s economic
loss is an example of a claim that had already been raised and decided on appeal. See
Becraft II, 2017-Ohio-1464, 89 N.E.3d 218, at ¶ 18-25. Becraft raised the restitution
claim in Becraft II, wherein this court modified the trial court’s order of restitution from
$1,200 to $583.33. Id. at ¶ 65. Therefore, res judicata bars Becraft from raising the
restitution claim for a second time in his petition for post-conviction relief.
{¶ 19} Becraft’s claim that the State breached the parties’ polygraph agreement is
also barred by res judicata due to a similar argument being raised in Becraft II. In Becraft
II, Becraft argued that his trial counsel was ineffective in failing to provide him with the
“favorable” results from his polygraph test. Becraft claimed that had he known about the
“favorable” results, he would not have pled guilty to aggravated robbery. Becraft II at ¶
57. In rejecting Becraft’s claim, this court stated the following in Becraft II:
Becraft * * * did not submit a copy of the polygraph test results in support of
his motion. Rather, Becraft simply told the court that he only failed one
question—whether he received any amount from the robbery. We do not
see how such a result exonerates him, as the State specifically advised the
trial court at the January 29th hearing that Becraft did not pass the
polygraph test. Furthermore, the record indicates that the parties entered
into a “Stipulated Polygraph Agreement” wherein the State agreed to
dismiss the case against Becraft if the polygraph examiner determined that
he was truthful in denying involvement in the offense. It is hard to believe
that the results were favorable to Becraft since his trial counsel, who the
record indicates received the results, never demanded a dismissal based
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on the parties’ stipulation. Accordingly, we do not find that the polygraph
results are a legitimate basis for the withdrawal of his plea, as the record
indicates the test results were not favorable as Becraft claims.
Id.
{¶ 20} The claim raised in Becraft II, and the claim raised in Becraft’s petition for
post-conviction relief, both concern the underlying issue of whether Becraft satisfied the
terms of the polygraph agreement by truthfully denying involvement in the aggravated
robbery offense. Using the available record, this court determined in Becraft II that the
polygraph test results did not exonerate Becraft since he admitted to showing deception
when asked whether he received any money from the offense. Although Becraft
appealed our decision in Becraft II, the Supreme Court of Ohio declined to review the
matter. See State v. Becraft, 150 Ohio St. 3d 1433, 81 N.E.3d 1272 (2017). Therefore,
since the issue of whether the polygraph test exonerated Becraft has already been
decided in Becraft II, res judicata bars any further review of that issue, and our holding in
Becraft II is the law of the case.
{¶ 21} We now turn to the ineffective assistance claims raised in Becraft’s petition
for post-conviction relief. Upon review, we find the trial court properly concluded that
Becraft’s ineffective assistance claims are barred by res judicata. Becraft’s claim that
his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by advising him that he was eligible for
community control was previously addressed in Becraft I. In that case, Becraft similarly
argued that the trial court erroneously advised him that community control was an
available sentencing option for his offense. Becraft I, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2013-CA-54,
2015-Ohio-3911, at ¶ 13. This court disagreed and held that the trial court correctly
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informed Becraft that he would be eligible for community control if he could overcome the
presumption of imprisonment by satisfying all the requirements in R.C. 2929.13(D)(2).
Id. at ¶ 15. Since the underlying issue as to whether Becraft was eligible for community
control was already raised and decided by this court in Becraft I, Becraft’s claim that his
trial counsel was ineffective for advising him that he was eligible for community control is
barred by res judicata.
{¶ 22} The remaining ineffective assistance claims raised in Becraft’s petition for
post-conviction relief are barred by res judicata because they could have been, but were
not, raised at the time he requested to withdraw his guilty plea on remand. Again, “res
judicata applies to bar raising piecemeal claims in successive post-conviction relief
petitions or motions to withdraw a guilty plea that could have been raised, but were not,
in the first post-conviction relief petition or motion to withdraw a guilty plea.” (Citations
omitted.) McCain, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 27195, 2017-Ohio-7518, at ¶ 35. See also
Montgomery, 2013-Ohio-4193, 997 N.E.2d 579, at ¶ 44. (“[w]hen a party has previously
filed a petition for post[-]conviction relief, issues raised in a subsequent motion to
withdraw guilty plea that could have been raised in the petition for post[-]conviction relief
are res judicata”).
{¶ 23} A trial court is prohibited from entertaining successive petitions for similar
relief unless the petitioner shows: (1) he was unavoidably prevented from discovering the
facts upon which he relies to present his claim, or (2) the United States Supreme Court
recognizes a new federal or state right that applies retroactively to his situation and the
petition asserts a claim based on that right. R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(a). The petitioner must
also show by clear and convincing evidence that, if not for the constitutional error from
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which he suffered, no reasonable factfinder could have found him guilty. R.C.
2953.23(A)(1)(b).
{¶ 24} In this case, Becraft did not aver that he was unavoidably prevented from
discovering the facts on which the ineffective assistance claims in his petition were based.
Nor did Becraft aver that a new federal or state right applies retroactively to his situation.
The record indicates that, at the time he requested to withdraw his guilty plea on remand,
Becraft had knowledge of the ineffective assistance claims that he raised in his November
20, 2017 petition for post-conviction relief. Therefore, Becraft should have raised his
ineffective assistance claims when he requested to withdraw his guilty plea on remand.
Instead, Becraft chose to inappropriately raise piecemeal ineffective assistance claims in
a successive post-conviction proceeding. Such a practice is barred by res judicata.
{¶ 25} We note that, in his reply briefs, Becraft makes much of the fact that his
petition for post-conviction relief included a June 19, 2013 letter written by his trial counsel
that incorrectly stated his offense carried a mandatory prison term. The letter also
incorrectly stated that Becraft would be eligible for judicial release after three years.
Becraft claims that the misinformation in the letter amounted to ineffective assistance that
warrants the withdrawal of his guilty plea.
{¶ 26} This claim is not only barred by res judicata for the reasons previously
discussed, but it also lacks merit because the letter was written after Becraft entered his
guilty plea. We note that Becraft never specifically averred in his supporting affidavit that
the misinformation in the letter was provided to him before he entered his guilty plea or
that it induced him to plead guilty. Rather, Becraft averred that his decision to plead
guilty was based on his attorney’s advice that he would be eligible for probation (which is
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true if the trial court made all the required findings in R.C. 2929.13(D)(2)) and that he
would serve no more than three to five years in prison. Becraft specifically averred that
his decision to plead guilty “was solely due to weighing the benefit of possibly having no
prison time at all or a relatively short prison term of 3-5 years[.]” (Emphasis added.)
Affidavit of Richard E. Becraft, Jr. (Nov. 20, 2017), p. 2, ¶ 9. Becraft also averred that
his attorney’s “ineffective advice that [he] would be out in 3-5 years led directly to [his]
decision to enter a plea of guilty.” Id. at p. 4, ¶ 26.
{¶ 27} Becraft’s own averments establish that it was not the misinformation in the
June 19th letter that induced him to plead guilty. The letter simply evidences the fact
that trial counsel provided Becraft with misinformation about his sentence after he entered
his guilty plea. In turn, there is nothing in the record indicating that the misinformation in
the letter precluded Becraft from entering a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary plea.
{¶ 28} For the foregoing reasons, the trial court did not abuse its discretion when
it concluded that res judicata bars the claims raised in Becraft’s November 20, 2017
petition for post-conviction relief.
2. The Trial Court’s Failure to Hold an Evidentiary Hearing on Becraft’s Petition
for Post-Conviction Relief Was Not an Abuse of Discretion
{¶ 29} “The post-conviction relief statutes do ‘not expressly mandate a hearing for
every post-conviction relief petition and, therefore, a hearing is not automatically
required.’ ” State v. Rollins, 2d Dist. Champaign No. 2018-CA-3, 2018-Ohio-4525, ¶ 11,
quoting State v. Jackson, 64 Ohio St. 2d 107, 110, 413 N.E.2d 819 (1980). “Rather, in
addressing a petition for post-conviction relief, a trial court plays a gatekeeping role as to
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whether a defendant will receive a hearing.” Id., citing Gondor, 112 Ohio St. 3d 377,
2006-Ohio-6679, 860 N.E.2d 77, at ¶ 51. “A trial court may dismiss a petition for post-
conviction relief without a hearing ‘where the petition, the supporting affidavits, the
documentary evidence, the files, and the records do not demonstrate that petitioner set
forth sufficient operative facts to establish substantive grounds for relief.’ ” Id., quoting
State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St. 3d 279, 714 N.E.2d 905 (1999), paragraph two of the
syllabus; Gondor at ¶ 51.
{¶ 30} “Broad conclusory allegations are insufficient, as a matter of law, to require
a hearing.” (Citation omitted.) State v. Coleman, 2d Dist. Clark Nos. 04CA43, 04CA44,
2005-Ohio-3874, ¶ 17. Moreover, “[a] petitioner is not entitled to a hearing if his claim
for relief is belied by the record and is unsupported by any operative facts other than
Defendant’s own self-serving affidavit or statements in his petition, which alone are legally
insufficient to rebut the record on review.” (Citations omitted.) Id. “In reviewing
petitions for post-conviction relief, a trial court may, in the exercise of its sound discretion,
weigh the credibility of affidavits submitted in support of the petition in determining
whether to accept the affidavit as true statements of fact.” Id. at ¶ 25, citing Calhoun.
{¶ 31} As previously noted, Becraft contends that the trial court erred in failing to
conduct an evidentiary hearing on the issue of whether the State breached the polygraph
agreement. Becraft, however, did not provide any new evidence establishing that the
polygraph test results exonerated him. Rather, in arguing that the State breached the
polygraph agreement, Becraft relied only on his self-serving affidavit and the bare
assertions set forth in his petition for post-conviction relief. Therefore, because Becraft’s
claim is not supported by anything other than the unsupported statements in his petition
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and self-serving affidavit, and because the underlying issue is barred by res judicata, the
trial court did not abuse its discretion in failing to hold an evidentiary hearing on the matter.
{¶ 32} Becraft’s first assignment of error is overruled.
Second and Third Assignments of Error
{¶ 33} Under his second and third assignments of error, Becraft raises the same
ineffective assistance claims that he raised in his petition for post-conviction relief.
Specifically, Becraft contends that his trial counsel provided ineffective assistance by
erroneously advising him that he would receive three to five years in prison for his offense,
be eligible for probation, and be placed on judicial release after three years. Becraft also
contends that his trial counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to investigate
relevant witnesses and video evidence from the location of the robbery. As discussed
under Becraft’s first assignment of error, these ineffective assistance claims are barred
by res judicata because they were either raised in a prior appeal and overruled by this
court, or could have been, but were not, raised at the time he requested to withdraw his
guilty plea on remand.
{¶ 34} Becraft’s second and third assignments of error are overruled.
Fourth Assignment of Error
{¶ 35} Under his fourth assignment of error, Becraft raises the same claim in his
petition for post-conviction relief concerning the State’s alleged breach of the polygraph
agreement. As discussed more fully under Becraft’s first assignment of error, this claim
is barred by res judicata because the underlying issue was already decided by this court
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in Becraft II.
{¶ 36} Becraft’s fourth assignment of error is overruled.
Conclusion
{¶ 37} Having overruled all assignments of error raised by Becraft, the judgment
of the trial court is affirmed.
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HALL, J., concurs.
DONOVAN, J., dissents:
{¶ 38} The majority suggests the June 19 letter is only evidence that Becraft
received misinformation after his plea. I disagree – the letter is evidence of counsel’s
misunderstanding of the sentencing statutes applicable to Becraft’s case. It is not
unreasonable to conclude that Becraft’s plea may have been entered in part because of
this misunderstanding of the law.
{¶ 39} In my view, an evidentiary hearing was warranted to ferret this issue out.
Eligibility for judicial release is certainly part of the calculus when any defendant pleads
guilty. “Erroneous legal advice as to eligibility for judicial release that induces a guilty plea
might constitute ineffective assistance of counsel.” State v. Pape, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2000
CA 98, 2001-Ohio-1827.
{¶ 40} I would reverse for an evidentiary hearing.
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Copies sent to:
John M. Lintz
Richard E. Becraft, Jr.
Hon. Richard J. O’Neill